The Oral Calcium Gel [OCG] is a promising supplement for improving the health and performance of dairy cows around calving. In a study of 50 lactating dairy cows, OCG [300 g; 8–12 h apart; 2–4 supplementation;1–2 days only] supplementation improved rumen motility, feed intake, parturition/calving, retention of placenta [ROP], and uterine prolapse in both pregnant cows and cows with milk fever. Specifically, OCG supplementation returned rumen motility to normal on day 14 in both groups, significantly improved feed intake throughout the study, and improved parturition/calving outcomes. Additionally, OCG significantly improved ROP and uterine prolapse scores as early as day 4 and day 6, respectively. Overall, OCG supplementation supported smoother calving and reduced the cases of fetal membrane retention and prolapse. This suggests that OCG could be used to support the health and performance of dairy cows around calving

The study was planned in village Halali of district Raisen to determine the vegetative canopy of wheat at different growth stages, to compare canopy reflectance/ radiance of wheat crop using radiometer observation, remote sensing data and recommendation of best method to examine the utility of hyperspectral remote sensing in predicting canopy characteristics such as LAI and canopy chlorophyll content in a crop. The study area belongs to eastern part of the fertile Vindyanchal Plateau. This study has been done for the data collected during humid subtropical climate with cool, dry winter’s a hot summer and a humid monsoon season. Reflectance observations available at very high (56m) spatial resplution from Advanced Wide- Field Sensore (AWiFS) sensore onboard Indian Remote Sensing, Resourcesat-2 satellite was used in this study. Forward simulation of canopy reflectance in four AWiFS band viz. GREEN (0.52um), RED(0.62-0.68um),NIR(0.77-0.86um),SWIR(1.55-1.70um)were carried out to generate the look up table using CRT model PROSIAL from all combinations of canopy intrinsic variable. An inversion technique based on minimization of cost function was used to retrieval LAI from LUT and observed AWiFS surface reflectance. The plant bio physical parameter of wheat was measured in different stage and reported as maximum plant height 79 cm, No. of leaf/plant 17, leaf length 42.68cm, leaf width 1.90cm, leaf area 64.20cm², chlorophyll content 73.25 micro gram /cm² LAI, 4.52, leaf water equivalent thickness 0.18 g/cm² and wheat yield 4300 kg ha-1. The plant bio physical parameters were taken from LAI meter, Chlorophyll meter and Spectroradiometer. These parameters were taken as input parameters for PROSIAL model. The simulated data & ground data were used to get R² by linear correlation. The linear correlation between simulated and ground data during the wheat growing season gave high coefficient of determination (R²= 0.99) in SWIR band. Relationships between wave length and spectral response were drawn by relative spectral response (RSR) for 2nm intervals using Lagrange’s interpolation scheme. The empirical regression models were developed for the study area by using in situ field observation and LAI was calculated during growing to harvesting crop season 2015-2016. A spatial yield maps of the study area were generated using LAI values and yield data, LAI values and NDVI values of crop season 2015-2016. The LAI Vs yield regression model showed positive correlation with equation (Y = 11.70x - 2.041) and (R² = 0.94). The LAI Vs NDVI regression model also gave higher coefficient of determination equation (Y = 643.3x + 1108.86) (R² = 0.93) as well as lowest standard error 0.02

Recently in February 2023 the "Roadmap for Ethanol Blending in India 2020-25" laid out an annual plan to increase domestic ethanol production in line with target of the amended National Policy on Biofuels (2018) as well as with its Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme to reach a blending of 20% of ethanol in petrol (E20) by 2025/26. In addition to this Government of India (GOI) has planned to introduce Ethanol operated vehicle till the end of August 2023. So, there is indeed a need of finding different ways of ethanol production. At the same time GOI is celebrating 2023 as International Millet Year by implicating different GOI, policies to promote millets. Moreover, after COVID-19 humanity is in search of gluten-free diet. So, in this context, millets a group of single seed plants particularly belonging to the Poaceae or Gramineae family emerged as best nutritious crops and an excellent bio-ethanol producers. Different studies in last decades specified that millets can be effectively utilized for ethanol production with limited supply of input in water scarcity areas. Studies reveal that few types of millet such as Sorghum (Sweet Sorghum, Grain Sorghum, Fodder Sorghum), Pearl millet, Finger millet, Proso millet, foxtail millet, Barnyard millet and Little millet and husk of millets have good potential to become a component crop for high ethanol production. In present study ethanol production capacity from different millet are reviewed. It can be concluded that there is need of more research and development in all millet groups along with capacity building for development of processing distilleries. This will ensure income as well as nutrition of farmers leading to sustainability

Kaveri Birds of 30 days old after vaccination and proper brooding was supplied in the year 2020 to the 205 families under Integrated Agriculture Development Project supported by Tasty Bite Foundation, Pune; Agriculture Development Trust, Baramati and implemented by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Baramati. Under livestock component 25 vaccinated Kaveri birds supplied for Back Yard Poultry management in 3 rainfed villages viz., Khor, Deulgaon Gada and Padavi of Daund tehsil of Pune District. Present data reveals that average body weight at the 24?? weeks of age of male and females was 1.85 kg and 2.21 kg, respectively and onset of laying is at the age of 22-24 weeks and it was observed that the average weight of eggs at the age of 24?? week was 37.56 gm. & at the age of 52 weeks was 52.77 gm. It was higher than the eggs weight of Deshi Hen. No Diseases like Rani khet and fowl pox was observed in the Kaveri birds as Vaccinated birds was supplied to farmers and Vaccination schedule was adopted by the Farmers. In Deulgaon gada, Khor & Padavi Villages maximum total Gross income recorded was Rs. 22860, Rs.22560/- & Rs.22160/-, respectively. Therefore, Average B:C ratio observed in three villages was found to be 2.1. While recorded Maximum B:C ratio was 3.09 in Khor village. This indicates that Back yard poultry farming with improved strains Kaveri birds has doubled the family income of selected families in all three villages. Simultaneously it had provided opportunity to with stand with mal nutrition issues in the rural area through availability of 5-7 Eggs per week in a Family. Hence, Backyard poultry with improved strains such as Kaveri is a potential enterprise having capacity to improve the socio-economic status of farmers & farming community in rural rainfed areas with low initial investment with high economic return along with definite nutritional food security. So, there is need of more research, extension, financial and technical support to the framers. Mortality up to 72 weeks of age was 20 ± 0.75 recorded

During the Kharif season of 2022, an experiment was carried out to delve into the production potential and quality of black gram under the influence of phosphorus and different sowing dates. The treatment combinations from four levels of phosphorus i.e., P? (Control), P? (10 kg P?O? ha-1), P? (20 kg P?O? ha-1), P? (30 kg P?O? ha-1) and three dates of sowing i.e., D? (9?? July), D? (15?? July), D? (22?? July) were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block design and were replicated thrice. The results manifest that the use of 30 kg P?O? had a substantially higher number of pods plant-1 (21.96), number of seeds pod-1 (4.69), test weight (35.84 g), grain yield plot-1, (1.37 kg), grain yield (11.38 q ha-1), stover yield (27.33 q ha-1), harvest index (29.34%) and protein content (22.80%). The beneficial effect of sowing dates was also noticed and maximum values for the number of pods plant-1 (21.25), number of seeds pod-1 (4.40), test weight (35.01 g), grain yield plot-1, (1.27 kg), grain yield (10.56 q ha-1), stover yield (25.38 q ha-1), harvest index (29.22 %) and protein content (22.03 %) were obtained when the crop was sown on 9?? July. Therefore, it may be concluded that 30 kg P?O? ha-1 and sowing on 9?? July proved to be a better strategy to realize better production and higher protein content in the seeds of black gram

Bone defects, resulting from trauma, congenital anomalies, present significant challenges in orthopedics, necessitating innovative approaches for effective and functional tissue regeneration. This reviews the utilization of biomaterials in addressing bone defects for enhancing healing. It synthesizes advancements in biomaterial design and application for optimal bone regeneration. Key focus areas include biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and bioactivity of diverse materials, emphasizing their roles in fostering osteogenesis. It highlights significant studies and trends, underscoring the potential of biomaterials in overcoming challenges associated with bone repair. By providing a concise overview, this aims to inform researchers and clinicians about the ongoing progress in effective bone defect healing

For the state of Andhra Pradesh availability of quality farm inputs and the right advisories are very critical interventions in improving crop productivity and reducing the cost of cultivation, therefore it is especially important to have a platform at the village level. In this account 10,778 government-owned farmer assurance centres namely Rythu Bharosa Kendralu (RBKs) were started at the village level to make the services more accessible and to provide a hassle-free experience to the farmers. Each RBK is a one-stop-shop for the supply of government-certified Agri inputs (seeds, fertilizers & pesticides), animal husbandry & fisheries inputs to the farmers, workshop/ knowledge center for giving scientific agri advisories, digital kiosk for taking input orders, soil and seed testing laboratories, e-crop booking (database of the farmers), custom hiring centres, procurement center.

The field experiment was carried out during kharif season of the three consecutive years from 2020 to 2022 at Agricultural Research Station, S.D. Agricultural University, Aseda, Gujarat to study the effect of micronutrient application on yield and economics of groundnut. Ten treatments of Ferrous sulfate and Zinc sulfate were applied as soil application and foliar application in randomized complete plot design with three replications. Higher value of net return (127600 Rs/ha) and BCR value (4.74) was recorded under the treatment T? (FeSO?@ 15 kg/ha + ZnSO? @ 8 kg/ha) followed by treatment T?: ZnSO? @ 8 kg/ha which record net return of Rs 127238 and 4.70 BCR value

In Reasi District of Union Territory of J&K women farmers live in less accessible and isolated villages and dissemination of information to them is tedious. Under these circumstances, ICTs can be very effective to disseminate the information to them and have been accepted to cater the needs of the women farmers to a great extent. Information sources play the significant role in dissemination of various agricultural technologies to the women farmers. Effective communication from different sources and channels are helpful to provide agricultural information, knowledge, and skill to the women farmers of the district. Keeping in mind the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the transfer of agricultural technologies to the women farmers, a study was conducted in Reasi District of Jammu and Kashmir which was selected purposively. Out of 12 C.D. Blocks, 4 C.D. Blocks namely Reasi, Thuroo, Pouni and Katra were selected randomly. A sample of 20 per cent Gram Panchayats from each selected block was selected randomly. A sample of 20 per cent (120) women farmers was selected randomly from selected villages. Hence, a total of 120 respondents were finally selected for recording their responses for study purpose. An index was developed for studying the use of ICTs by the respondents. It was found that most women farmers were having television and mobile phones and most of them were using the television for the entertainment purpose. Extension personnel were considered as the most credible source of information followed by radio, television, newspaper, and computer

This study conducted a thorough comparative analysis of semolina derived from two wheat varieties, Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum) and Common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Emmer wheat exhibited distinctive physical traits, including a reddish-brown colour, smaller length (8.736mm), and a higher thousand kernel weight (35.3grams) compared to common wheat. Nutritional analysis indicated that emmer wheat had lower moisture content (10.13%), higher fat content (2.8%), significantly higher protein content (19.01%), lower gluten content (8.72%), and higher ash content (2.47%) compared to common wheat. Emmer wheat semolina displayed unique functional properties, with slightly lower water absorption capacity, higher oil absorption capacity, lower swelling capacity, and significantly higher solubility and water holding capacity. Emmer wheat semolina was darker in colour with increased redness and reduced yellowness compared to common wheat semolina. Cooking characteristics showed that emmer wheat semolina generally required longer cooking times and reached a saturation point at a 1:9 semolina-to-water ratio

This paper applies method of systematic literature review through desk research. The paper focuses on how precision agriculture can be imparted in sustainable agriculture in India. The review identified that precision agriculture allows farmers to solve problems related to farming, can lead to higher productivity in farm, increases production by conserving natural resources, less environmental damage, reduced cost of production, efficiency of chemicals in crops, improves the quality of the produce, and maintains the environmental quality ultimately leading to a sustainable food system. It offers a path toward sustainable agriculture by providing innovative ways into a profitable, environment friendly and socially accepted agriculture. The major components of precision farming are; Geographical information system (GIS), Geographical positioning system (GPS), Satellite Remote sensing, VRT, UAVs, AI, IOT, SSCM, SSNM, Soil mapping, yield monitoring, data collection etc. It has the potential to create decent jobs for the youth, and attract youth toward agriculture. Small land holdings, high cost of technology, lack of technical expertise available locally, heterogeneity of cropping systems, data analysis and decision making, technological gaps seen in the farmers are the major constraint in the success of precision agriculture in India

This study analysed the constraints faced by the beneficiary farmers in obtaining the technological guidance in Patan block of Jabalpur district. The study employed a descriptive research design, focusing on twelve villages in the Patan block with the highest number of registered farmers in KVK.A sample of 120 beneficiary farmers was included in the study. The results revealed that one-fourth (25%) of the beneficiaries reported that messages are untimely delivered followed by (23.33%) problems related to content of message and (10 %) unavailability of subject matter in local language. The important suggestion offered by beneficiaries was to make message more detailed regarding variety, disease, insecticide, seed, weather and animal husbandry. The study emphasizes the need to tackle challenges faced by farmers, as they affect access to Kisan Mobile Advisory Services (KMAS). It suggests tailored interventions and support to improve the effectiveness of KMAS in addressing varied needs of agricultural communities

The research study is carried out to analyze the share of inputs among different factor of garlic production in Southern Rajasthan. Pratapgarh and Chittorgarh districts were selected on the basis of highest area under garlic cultivation in Rajasthan. The present study is based on primary data. The data was collected from the growers of garlic by personal interview method using pre-tested and suitably structured schedule. The results of this study revealed that seed contribution is highest among all factor of garlic production in Pratapgarh and Chittorgarh districts. Seed accounted 31.78 per cent of total garlic production in Pratapgarh district which was higher at medium farm as compared to small farm (31. 71 per cent) and large farm (31.49 per cent). Whereas, the contribution of seed is 28.70 per cent, 28.20 per cent and 27.37 per cent of total garlic production on small, medium and large farm in Chittorgarh district. It was higher at small farm than medium and large farm. The irrigation was the second key factor among all factors of garlic production in Pratapgarh and Chittorgarh districts. Irrigation shared 7.31per cent at small farm, 6.91 per cent at medium farm and 6.80 per cent of total production at large farm in Pratapgarh district. While, it accounted 6.73 per cent of total production in medium farm and followed by small farm and large farm i.e., 6.72 per cent and 6.25 per cent in Chittorgarh district. Total human labour and machine labour also important factor in garlic production which contributed 6.19 per cent and 3.73 per cent of total production in Pratapgarh district and 6.20 per cent and 3.54 per cent of total production in Chittorgarh district. Total human labour and machine labour were higher in small farm as compared to medium farm and large farm. Interest of fixed capital (0.21 per cent) and plant protection management (0.84 per cent) accounted lowest share among all factor of garlic production in Pratapgarh district. Whereas, there were 0.22 per cent and 0.76 per cent of total production in Chittorgarh district. These were higher in small farm as compared to medium farm and large farm. Apart from the above factors, manure, rental value of land, depreciation, fertilizer and interest on working capital are also having contribution in garlic production in Pratapgarh and Chittorgarh districts

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is grown on an average area of about 16401 ha in the Dangs district of South Gujarat per year. Severe incidence (10 to 40%) of wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is one of the important constraints in the production of Chickpea in the Dangs. Since recent past The Dangs district of South Gujarat was declared as organic district and thus, afield experiment on biological management of chickpea wilt was formulated and conducted for three years. Two bio agents viz., T. viride 1.5% WP (2 x 10? cfu/g) (IIHR strain) and P. fluorescence 1.5% liquid form (1 x 10? cfu / ml) (NAU strain) were used as seed treatment and soil application. Among all the treatments, maximum disease control and grain production was reported in the seed treatment of T.viride @ 10g/kg of seeds + two soil applications of T.viride @ 2.5 kg /ha in 250 kg FYM at sowing and at 50% flowering with minimum wilt incidence (5.46 %)and highest grain yield (2513 kg/ ha) followed by the seed treatment of P. fluorescence @ 10 ml / kg of seeds + two soil applications of Pseudomonas fluorescence @ 2.5 l /ha in 250 kg FYM at sowing and at 50% flowering with the wilt incidence of (5.51 %) and highest grain yield (2471 kg / ha) over all the other treatment and control with positive effect on average plant height (cm), average numbers of branches/plant, average numbers of pods/plant, average numbers of root nodules/plant bio agent cfu /gm soil at harvest with high cost benefit ratio

Chronic wounds and other hard-to-heal wounds are currently of global concern because they impose major health, social, and financial consequences on individuals as well as society at large. This study examines the current state of the art for actively treating chronic wounds, with an emphasis on complex therapeutically active systems and methods for the healing of chronic and other difficult-to-heal wounds

The On Farm Trial was conducted at Bharehara village of Adhaura block in Kaimur district of Bihar for sesame based intercropping system to assess Yield Equivalent Ratio (YER), Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), income and BC ratio as well as also to achieve more net return and more land productivity over existing cultivation of sesame as sole crop for rainfed condition. Two technology options – sesame + pigeonpea (2:1) and sesame + blackgram (2:2) were assessed over existing farmers’ practices that was sesame as sole crop. No. of replications (no.of farmers) were eight and we found that Yield Equivalent Ratio YER) was found highest yield 6.34q/ha by intercropping of sesame with blackgram (2:2) in technology option - 2 followed by technology option - 1 (sesame with pigeonpea 2:1) which gave sesame equivalent yield 5.15q/ha. Lowest yield was achieved by farmers’ practice 4.20q/ha from sesame as sole crop. Net return and Benefit Cost Ratio were also found maximum in tech. option -2 followed by tech option -1

The Ricebean has garnered attention as an underutilized crop due to its significant global food contributions and its emerging potential as a valuable legume with a remarkable nutritional profile, boasting over 25% protein content and essential amino acids. A field experiment conducted from 2019 -2021 focused on green manuring with a legume crop, ricebean, on the same field. The study aimed to assess growth, yield, and quality parameters. Treatment T?, incorporating a combination of green manure and poultry manure at a rate of 0.7 tons per hectare along with 100 % RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizers), demonstrated superior performance in ricebean resulted in higher seed yields, enhance seed quality, maintain soil health, and optimize financial returns for farmers in the foothill conditions of Nagaland

The experiment was conducted at the field of Onion and Grape Research Station, Pimpalgaon Baswant, Nashik under Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during rabi 2019-20. The object was to evaluate the efficacy of newer molecules against thrips(Thrips tabaci L.) and mites(Tetranychus urticae Koch) of garlic. For this purpose, six insecticides treatments were applied and compared with untreated control. Among these treatments, first two chemicals in each treatment were insecticides against thrips and third one was acaricide applied against mites. In case of bio-efficacy studies, the treatments T? (spinetoram 11.7 % SC @ 60 ml a.i.ha1 followed by fipronil 80 % WG @ 60 g a.i. ha-1) and T? (acetamiprid 20 % SP@ 20 g a.i.ha1 followed by spinetoram 11.7 % SC @ 60 ml a.i. ha-1) were most effective for management of garlic thrips (Thrips tabaci L.).Similarly, for management of two spotted garlic mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch.), the treatment T? (spiromesifen 22.90 % SC @ 96 ml a.i. ha-1) and T? (hexythiazox 5.45 % EC @ 25 ml a.i. ha-1) were found effective. Over all, in bio-efficacy studies, it is suggested either treatment T? (spinetoram 11.7 % SC @ 60 ml a.i. ha-1followed by Fipronil 80 % WG @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 followed by hexythiazox 5.45 % EC @ 25 ml a.i. ha-1 ) or treatment T? (acetamiprid 20 % SP@ 20 g a.i. ha-1followed by spinetoram 11.7 % SC @ 60 ml a.i. ha-1 followed by spiromesifen 22.90 % SC @ 96 ml a.i. ha-1)for good management of garlic thrips and mites along with high yield and net returns per hectare along with good incremental cost benefit (ICBR) ratio (17.82 and 20.51 respectively)