Background- The most serious complication occurring after keratoplasty is post-operative ocular infection due to contamination of the donor corneal button before transplantation leading to loss of vision and transplantation failure. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of the donor corneoscleral rim culture and their relationship with post-operative endophthalmitis. Materials and Methods- We analysed 50 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties (PK) to determine the frequency of positive donor rim cultures. Donated eyes were collected by using aseptic precautions and after transplanting the cornea, corneoscleral rim of donor was cultured for the isolation of bacteria. Results- In the present study, 28% corneoscleral rim cultures yielded microorganisms, mostly gram-negative bacilli. We isolated Acinetobacter spp. 14%, Psedononas aerugenosa 8%, Enterococcus faecium 2%, Providencia spp. 2%, Candida spp. 2% in donor rim culture. Conclusion- We concluded that it is essential to perform donor corneoscleral rim cultures in patients undergoing corneal transplantation to prevent complications like post-transplant endophthalmitis and corneal ulcer which leads to graft failure. In culture positive isolates we can change from empirical treatment to specific drugs as per antibiotic susceptibility report of donor rim culture.

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites are one of the valuable sources for genetic markers because of their abundance and inherent potential for determining extensive allelic variation in the genomes. A total of 1038 SSRs were detected in 12.4 Mb gene sequence data of Ustilago maydis in the present survey. The distribution pattern of different SSR motifs provides the evidence of greater accumulation of trinucleotide (63.1%) followed by dinucleotide (20%) and hexanucleotide (10.5%) in U. maydis. Among trinucleotide repeats, CAG repeats were more frequent while TC dinucleotide repeats were found to be predominant in U. maydis. Further, 14 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primers were designed based on genes responsible for pathogenicity in U. maydis. In terms of cross species transferability, a low level of transferability of SSRs was detected, and only 4 potential markers that can be used to fingerprint 18 isolates of Tilletia indica were identified

Background & Objectives: The Influenza A H1N1 is a novel strain of the influenza A virus. The risk of morbidity from H1N1 is higher among pregnant women, specifically in second and third trimester. Pregnant women, because of their altered immunity and physiological adaptations, are at higher risk of developing pulmonary complications. This study was done to observe pattern and severity of H1N1 cases in pregnant women. Objective was to know the prevalence of H1N1 cases and risk factors associated with it in pregnancy. Methods: This study was conducted over a period of 3 months from January to March 2015. The following inclusion criteria were used: Pregnancy confirmed via beta human chorionic gonadotropin test or ultrasound, Suspected or confirmed infection with H1N1 virus, Infection requiring hospitalisation, Admitted at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Results: Out of 39-suspected antenatal women, 29 were tested positive for pandemic novel H1N1. (74.3%) out of which 27 patients had normal delivery (93.1%). One case was emergency caesarean section (3.4%); one case was of a preterm delivery (3.4%). With reference to maternal outcome, 15 women survived (51.7%) and 14 women died (48.3%). Interpretation &Conclusion: H1N1 infection in pregnancy may lead to fatal outcome both maternally and perinatally. Proper antenatal management as per symptoms and early diagnosis may help reducing mortality.

Spore forming and lactic acid producing Bacillus species, because of their heat stability and ability to survive the gastric barrier, are being attractive and gaining recognition for use as probiotics in human diets and animal feeds as well as in registered medicines. In the present study, we attempted to isolate Bacillus strains with special reference to Bacillus coagulans from milk, soil and tomato sources. Thirty-six representative isolates were characterized according to their morphological, biochemical properties, single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) banding patterns and partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. A wide range of polymorphism or heterogeneity within the species was recorded. Thirty-two isolates were identified as Bacillus coagulans (n= 32), while each two isolates were identified as Bacillus pumilus (n= 2) and Bacillus subtilis (n= 2) of which mostly were isolated from cattle and buffalo milk.

Nowadays, efficient bio-fertilizers are one of the best modern concepts of sustaining the evergreen agriculture. The efficient microorganisms used as bio-fertilizers which have plant growth promoting characters and enhanced growth, yield, prevent disease in plant through direct and indirect mechanisms. The worldwide most of the farmer’s dependence on chemical fertilizer and pesticides for crop production, but unawareness or need of the farmers they applied in imbalanced manner of chemical fertilization due to theses faulty practices ultimately deteriorated the soil fertility, quality and soil-plant-human system health. In this critical context efficient microorganisms have been emerged as the potential alternative for the production in a sustainable way for the global food chain. The carrier-based bio-fertilizers have already proved to be the best over the agrochemicals and have been showing the tremendous effect on the world food production since the past two decades. These bio-fertilizers have been developed which would be the alternative for the cost effective evergreen agriculture. The article focuses on liquid biofertilizer, which provides reliable reasons for their necessity, specificity and emphasizes that the use of agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) in different combinations or liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is one of the solutions for restoration of soil health as well as supply nutrient for crop growth and development under evergreen agriculture.

Introduction: - Staphylococcus aureus is a panzootic gram positive pathogenic bacterium of mammalian species which produces a host of diseases in humans and animals. Since the organisms are transmissible from animals to human beings, its occurrence in animals possess a potential threat to humans. Aims and objectives: - A study was conducted in four coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh state Materials and Methods:- In the present study, 60 clinical samples of various animal diseases were collected from four coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh and were analysed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus using biochemical tests like catalase, oxidase, Voges – Proskauer, and coagulase test and cultural characteristics like mannitol fermentation and haemolysis. Their presences were confirmed by PCR using species-specific primers for S. aureus. From the results, species wise, district wise and disease wise incidence of S. aureus is calculated Results: -The results indicate that 68% of bovine and 82% of poultry cases were positive for S. aureus. The district wise distribution varied from 56.53% to 100%. In disease wise, all the cases of bumble foot in poultry, 85.65% of gangrenous dermatitis in poultry and 68% of bovine mastitis cases were positive for S. aureus. Conclusion: - S. aureus is a potential threat due to its presence among animal diseases, which may be of zoonotic importance to in contact human beings. Further studies are required for the identification of antibiotic resistance pattern and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of the organism.