The present research was conducted in Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh. The purpose of the study was to find out the knowledge and use of selected drudgery reduction technologies related to animal husbandry among the women. The sample of the study consisted of 240 randomly selected farm women from two panchayat samities. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data. Appropriate statistical tools were used for the analysis of the data. Findings of the study reveal that the farm women lacked knowledge about agriculture technologies and its possession and use was also limited.

Present study was conducted during 2014-2015 to access the constraints faced by the tribal livestock owners in adopting vaccination in ruminants in two selected Talukas of Dahod district of Gujarat State. Randomly five villages from two selected Talukas of Dahod district were selected, where fairly good number of livestock owners having good herd size and had higher milk production capacity. After selecting villages, randomly 12 livestock owners were selected from each village. Thus, total sample size for this research study was 60 livestock owners. The study makes a light that the major constraints faced by the tribal livestock owners in adopting vaccination in ruminants were lack of knowledge about improved animal vaccination practices, inadequate knowledge of vaccination schedule and inadequate knowledge of disease for which vaccination is adopted . Whereas the major suggestions as endorsed by the livestock owner were: timely availability of vaccines at village/cluster level, provisions should be made for regular training to livestock owners and proper village wise/cluster wise paraveterians should be made available.

Transfer of scientific technologies from research station to farmers’ fields plays the vital role for rural development and rural upliftment. Transfer of technology takes place through Central Government, State Government and various NGOs to some little extent. Due to wide geographic area, illiteracy, lack of skilled government officers and many other reasons people cannot aware about scientific technologies. Implementations of these programmes in rural area are essential for improving standard of living of rural community. The government of Gujarat organizes Krushi Mahotsav every year before monsoon. Krushi Mahotsav is a unique and combine approach of transfer of technology in the whole rural area. There are 18000 villages in Gujarat and Krushi Rath equipped with scientific technology through posters, panels, TV moves in every village. The scientists of agricultural universities are appointed to deliver latest technical know-how. It was started in 2005, it is a festival especially designed for the benefits of farming community and the duration of the festival is of one month, eight Krushi Mahotsav have been completed till study. There was need of deeper probe into the resultant effect of Krushi Mahotsav. The present study to find out relationship between selected characteristics of the farmers with extent of knowledge gained as a result of participating in Krushi Mahotsav. Four districts of Gujarat state Banaskantha, Mahesana, Sabarkantha and Kachchh were randomly selected for this study. From each selected district, two talukas and from each taluka three villages were selected randomly for the study. A list of villagers/farmers who had attended all the three Krushi Mahotsav (2006, 2007 and 2008) was made available from government authority. Later on ten farmers from each village were randomly selected which consisted a sample size of 240 respondents. There are fifteen variable used for the study, out of them 14 variables namely education, social participation, size of land holding, occupation, annual income, market orientation, credit orientation, risk-preference, economic motivation, innovative proneness, rationality in decision making, attitude towards Krushi Mahotsav, extension participation and source of information were positively and significantly correlated with extent of knowledge gained through Krushi Mahotsav. Whereas, age was negatively and significant correlation with extent of knowledge gained through Krushi Mahotsav. It can be concluded that 57.90 per cent total variation in knowledge gained through participating in Krushi Mahotsav was explained by a set of 15 independent variables together. Further, out of 15 variables, four variables viz., attitude towards Krushi Mahotsav, age, innovative proneness and extension participation had significant contribution in knowledge gained through participating in Krushi Mahotsav. Transfer of scientific technologies from research station to farmers’ fields plays the vital role for rural development and rural upliftment. Transfer of technology takes place through Central Government, State Government and various NGOs to some little extent. Due to wide geographic area, illiteracy, lack of skilled government officers and many other reasons people cannot aware about scientific technologies. Implementations of these programmes in rural area are essential for improving standard of living of rural community.

Pearl Millet contributes significantly to food and nutritional security of the rural and urban poor people in the arid and semi arid areas of the India and its valued equally for both its grain and fodder. Although, its demand in India is decreasing due to commercialization of alternative food, feed and industrial product. Considerable scope of enhancement in productivity leading to higher production exists, especially in Saurastra region, farmer’s meeting and field visits followed by persuasion for provision of improved variety, balanced and adequate nutrition and timely integrated pest management. To demonstrate this, 140 Frontline Demonstrations were organized by Millet Research Station, JAU, Jamnagar between 2009-10 and 2013-14 at different districts of Saurstra region of Gujarat State under real farm situations. Prevailing farm practices were treated as control for comparison with recommended package i.e. improved variety, GHB-558, thinning 15 days after sowing, balanced use of nitrogenous fertilizers and two foliar spray of profenophos 0.05 % at 20 and 40 days after germination to control the shoot fly and stem borer pests infesting pearl millet. The cumulative effect of technological intervention over five years, revealed average yield of 2008 kg/ha, 14.5 % higher over the local checks. The economics of and cost benefit ratio of both control and demonstrated plot was worked out. On an average net profit was obtained Rs 3200/- due to adoption of improved package of practices. Cost befit ratio was 2.3 – 3.0 under demonstration, while it was 2.0-2.5 under control plots. By conducting the Frontline Demonstrations of proven technologies, yield potential and net income from pearl Millet cultivation can be enhanced to a great extent with increase in the income level of the farming community.

The concept of Kisan Call Centers (KCCs) was a logical outcome of the commitment by the Government of India to leverage the ICT for overcoming the constraints of distance and time in providing new generation extension services to the farmers. The farmer may come across a number information sources but they pursue only few of them depending upon the availability and the ease of use. The present study was conducted in South Gujarat region. All the districts were selected for the present study. The data were collected with help of well-structured interview schedule following personal interview methods. It was found that majority of the respondents 61.5 per cent had medium level of knowledge about the Kisan Call Center, while 28.00 per cent of respondents had low and 10.50 per cent of respondents had high level of Kisan Call Center, respectively. It also found that annual income, extension contact, source of information, scientific orientation were found significantly and education, innovativeness and social participation were highly significantly correlated with the knowledge of the respondents about Kisan Call Center.

A survey was carried out to study the socio-personal characteristics, knowledge and attitude of wheat cultivating farmers among 300 respondents of Mehsana district of Gujarat State. Majority of the farmers were of the socio-economic belong to 31 to 35 years age group, educated upto middle to intermediate, living in nuclear type of family system. A significant and positive correlation was found between education, income, size of holding, social participation, farm power, urban contact and socio-economic status with knowledge and attitude of the farmers.

Training cum demonstration on IPM strategy for control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) hardwick in chickpea was organized before 100 farmers of village Paccham of Dhandhuka taluka of Ahmedabad districts. Fifty farmers were randomly selected to study the impact of training cum demonstration in terms of knowledge gain with respect to IPM strategy. A well structured pre-tested Gujarati version interview schedule was prepared in light of the objectives and administrated before and after training cum demonstration. The data were analyzed in light of the objectives and result revealed that there was significant gain in knowledge of the farmers as there was significant difference between knowledge index before training and knowledge index after training and knowledge gain was 96.80 per cent which implies that training cum demonstration play an important role in shaping knowledge behaviour of the farmers about IPM technology in chickpea.

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing resources over the Internet (network of remote servers). Instead of keeping data on your own hard drive (local server or personal computer). Cloud computing is a newly introduced concept and most of the developing nations are not readily willing to accept and implement it. Therefore, it needs a mass awareness among the stakeholders to acquire it and have a well-established information base for the nation. This will return to a well-connected world. Cloud computing has benefit to agriculture, businesses, industries, and entire economies, but substantial challenges stand in the way. Cloud computing will change the way that people use to obtain agricultural information. The cloud computing infrastructure in the future will become an essential basis for farmer’s lives. Many countries like South Africa, Japan, Bhutan and USA has migrated to cloud based application in agriculture sectors.

Agriculture plays a key role in overall economic and social well being of India. Global warming is one of the causes for climate change. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods. Climate change may have beneficial as well as detrimental consequence for agriculture .Food production will need to increase by 50-70 percent by 2050 to meet the needs of the expanding global population. There is a considerable literature suggesting that the poorest and most vulnerable groups will disproportionately experience the negative effects of 21st century climate change such changes are likely to impact significantly on developing world countries, where natural-resource dependency is high and international conventions increasingly recognise. there are reports on methods of linking climate change scenarios with hydrologic, agricultural, and planning models to study water availability for agriculture under changing climate conditions, to estimate changes in ecosystem services, and to evaluate adaptation strategies for the water resources and agriculture sectors The models are applied to major agricultural regions in Argentina, Brazil, China, Hungary, Romania, and the US, using projections of climate change, agricultural production, and population, technology, and GDP growth. Changes in water demand due to climate change effects on agriculture and increased demand from urban growth will require timely improvements in crop cultivars, irrigation and drainage technology, and water management. One degree increase in temp reduces wheat population by 4-5 million tonnes. Decline crop yield due to prolonged drought unreliable rain fall patterns, flood, hailstorm could leave hundreds of millions without the ability to produce or purchase sufficient food household goods, insecurity, malnutrition and poor health. Methods for evaluating climate change adaptation strategies for small-scale farmers using survey, experimental and modelled data. In order to tackle climate change there are two possible strategies: mitigation and adaptation. The first strategy consists in reducing the effects of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions; the second track consists in facing up to the impacts and consequences of global warming drought, flood, shortage of drinkable water etc by adapting our societies to the new environmental conditions. Both strategies are complementary: mitigation attempts to reduce the impacts to which we will, inevitably, have to adapt. Some strategic steps for coping with climate are alternate livelihood college, skill improvement, awareness programme by media apart from this Farm financial management which involves decision making by producers and includes the use of crop insurance, investment in crop shares and futures, participation in income stabilisation programs, and diversification of household income. Adaption strategies are also closely related to the risk management strategy of farming as underlined by the fact that climate change may have some impact on agricultural like intercropping relay cropping and diversified farming, shifting towards natural resource for power supply like solar pump, water conservation structure etc .Many farmers becoming innovative in changing climate.

A fishery in India is a very important economic activity and a flourishing sector with varied resources and potentials. Only after the Indian Independence, fisheries together with agriculture been recognized as an important sector. The inland aquaculture practices are being adopted by the farmers. For the present study Navsari district was selected on the basis of a project “inland aquaculture” was launched the year 2009-2010 by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, NAU, Navsari with the assistance of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). It can be concluded that in overall extent of adoption, nearly (59.49 per cent) three-fifth of the beneficiaries had medium level of adoption about the inland aquaculture practices.

The present investigation was carried out on proportional random sample of total 50 diploma students studying in the final year of diploma in agriculture faculty of AAU of Gujarat state. The data was collected through interview schedule contacting diploma students personally , ex- post facto research design was applied for the study. The level of agribusiness anxiety of diploma students of AAU of Gujarat was measured with the help of reliable and valid scale developed by patel (2008). For measurement of independent variables included in study, different scales and scoring techniques developed by other scientists were used with slight modifications. The collected data were classified, tabulated and analyzed in light of objectives in order to make the finding meaningful Statistical tools, such as percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used. The findings revealed that majority (74.00 per cent) of respondents had age below 20 years followed by 68.00 per cent of them had first class of academic performance, majority (70.00 per cent) of them were residents of rural area, 33.33 per cent had knowledge of three languages, 36.00 per cent had agriculture as their family occupation, majority (72 per cent) of them had up to two lakh rupees of annual family income 64.00 per cent had medium level of knowledge of internet 72.00 per cent, medium level of self confidence (72.00 per cent) and slightly more than half (52.00 per cent) of the students had medium level of agribusiness anxiety, respectively.

Several forces are working and influencing the process of “self-help group” (SHGs) dynamics. The important personal and socio-psychological factors which are responsible for effect on SHGs dynamics need to be thoroughly undertaken and activities on sustainable basis. Hence, the study on correlates of effectiveness of group dynamics of women SHGs was taken in Junagadh district of Gujarat state. By using simple random sampling procedure, 120 members were selected for study. Statistical tool like correlation, multiple regression and path analysis were employed to draw suitable inference. The relationship of personal and socio-psychological characteristics on, Group dynamic effectiveness index (GDEI) was established in this study by simple correlation analysis. Education, Annual income, Social participation, Proactive attitude, Skill development had a positively higher significant relationship with GDEI at 1 per cent level of significant. The skill development had a highest direct effect on GDEI. It was also indicated that proactive attitude had largest indirect effect on GDEI through skill development. This article helps to manage, improve and strengthen group interaction. It is also helpful in mobilizing SHGs.

Drip irrigation is an effective technology and efficient method of providing irrigation water directly into the soil at root zone of plants and it limits water requirement to the consumptive use of the plants. Keeping in view the importance of drip irrigation, the present study was planned with the objectives to measure adoption behavior of the farmers about drip irrigation system. Two districts viz., Banaskantha and Sabarkantha were purposively selected because of higher pomegranate area under drip irrigation. According to area under pomegranate cultivation, 15 villages were purposively selected and from each selected village, 8 farmers were selected randomly making a sample of 120 respondents. The present study was confined to ex-post-facto research design. The data revealed that majority of the respondents were of medium age (57.50%), educated up to primary level (43.33%), having medium size of family (59.16%). Most of them were found semi medium land holding (36.67%) with medium annual income (68.33%), medium cropping intensity (55.00%) having 76 to 100 per cent area under drip irrigation (86.67%). They were found having medium extension contact (71.66%). Their Knowledge about drip irrigation system was found to be moderate to high (60.83%). Majority of respondents (58.33%), were found having moderate to high level of adoption of management practices of drip irrigation system.

The present study was conducted in Navsari district of Gujarat state. Five talukas, viz., Navsari, Jalalpore, Gandevi, Chikhli and Vansda were selected purposively. From each talukas two villages were selected and from each villages ten respondents were selected them for the study. Thus, in all, 100 milch animal rearing farmers were selected for randomly. The data were collected by the researcher with the help of a well structured interview schedule by face-to-face method of interview technique. Constraints refer as the items of difficulties faced by the farmers in the scientific management of milch animal. The respondents were asked to mention the constraints. Considering the constraints faced by the milch animal farmers, they were asked to give their valuable suggestion / opinion based on their experience to overcome from the constraints. In milch animal management practices major constraints faced by non availability of green fodder round the year and costly was perceived by the milch animal farmers as main constraint followed by high cost of veterinary service and medicine, high construction cost of cattle shed, Inadequate space for construction of cattle shade, Inadequate knowledge of balancing ration for management of animals respectively. while suggestions major suggestions offered by milch animal farmers had reported that the cattle feed and mineral mixture should be provided at cheaper followed by Veterinary service and medicine should be available at cheaper rate, subsidy should be available for construction of cattle shed, Training should be given about silage preparation, dairy management and technical know-how about feed, fodder and health management aspects, Dairy co-operative personnel should be trained to solve the routine problem, Regular visits of veterinary doctor veterinary doctor should provide information and Facility should be established village for artificial insemination.

Training is the important tool of knowledge gain and quick transfer of technology and a way to improve their uplift their socio-economic condition. However, assessment of the training needs and evaluating the outcomes of training are crucial, for both trainers and trainees. Women play an important role for nutritional diet preparation of the family. The study was conducted at KVK, JAU, Junagadh to know knowledge of farm women before and after training on nutritional dietary pattern of farmers and their family. Total 150 farmwomen of Jamnagar district were participated in training during the year 2015. In order to determine the level of knowledge before and after training and to ascertain the statistical analysis of their knowledge with different factors. The result of pre and post evaluation indicated that the level of knowledge regarding nutritional diet was increased 40.28 + 15.6 as post evaluation as indicated by ‘t’ test.