The aim of the current investigation is to encounter the causative agent for the pink coloration of water along with the nature of water quality in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The pink water sample was collected near Perungudi garbage dump yard in Chennai. Water quality parameters for the sample including Appearance, Odour, Turbidity, Temperature, pH, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, TDS, TSS, Total solids, Electrical Conductivity, BOD, COD, Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Total ammonia, Nitrite-nitrogen, Nitrate-nitrogen, Calcium-hardness, Magnesium-hardness, Inorganic Phosphate, Oxidation-reduction potential were analysed. While analysing the algal composition, 22 algal species were identified from the sample. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) dominated the pink water. The commonly occurring genus identified in this study were Merismopedia, Oscillatoria, Chroococcus. Various pigments such as Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Carotenoid, total Chlorophyll, Phycocyanin and Phycoerythrin were also estimated. Abundant of Phycoerythrin (pink colour pigment) in sample water clearly depicts that the Cyanobacterial stood as the major contributor for pink colouration of water in that area

The experiment was undertaken during Kharif 2019, 2020 and 2021 at Agricultural Research Station, S.D.Agricultural University, Aseda (Gujarat). The treatments comprised of four levels of phosphorus (P? : Control, P? : 20, P? : 30 and P? : 40 Kg P?O?/ha) and four levels of biofertilizers (B? : Control, B? : PSB,B? : VAM and B? : PSB + VAM. It is three replicated trials using the FRBD design. Among the different levels of phosphorus, it seems that as levels of phosphorus increase (0 to 40 kg P?O?/ha), the value of plant height at harvest, No. of pods per plant, No. of seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield and straw yield increases significantly over controls. In case of different bio fertilizers application significantly higher value of growth as well as yield attributes were recorded under the combined application of PSB + VAM compared to the control (no. application of bio fertilizers). The result of interaction found superior combination of 40 P?O? kg/ha along with VAM and PSB bio fertilizers application and remained at par with the with 40 P?O? kg/ha along with PSB bio fertilizers

The capacity of birds to maintain and increase the productivity, adapt to changing circumstances and resist diseases is vital. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) of vertebrates is a prime molecule responsible for disease resistance with extensive genetic polymorphism. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the polymorphism of the commercial broilers at the B-L?2 region by allele-specific PCR providing implications on association with production performance for the design of efficient programmes for its upgradation. Data were collected on body weight on first day, body weight at 6 weeks, feed consumed in 6 weeks and weight gain in 6 weeks. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) or feed efficiency and broiler performance efficiency factor (BPEF) were calculated from the data collected. The MHC haplotypes were found to be associated with these production traits. The B?? allele was significantly associated with high body weight, weight gain, low FCR and high BPEF

The present investigation was carried out during Kharif 2021 at the Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat. Seven treatments viz., carbosulfan 25 DS at 60 g kg?¹ seed, imidacloprid 70 WG at 3 g kg?¹ seed, imidacloprid 48 FS at 8 ml kg?¹ seed, imidacloprid+hexaconazole 20 FS at 2 ml kg?¹ seed, thiamethoxam 30 FS at 10 ml kg?¹ seed, thiamethoxam 70 WS at 4 g kg?¹ seed and chlorantraniliprole 9.3 SC+lamda cyhalothrin 4.6 CS (13.9 ZC) at 2.5 ml kg?¹ as chemicals for seed treatment were tested for their efficacy against key sucking pests. In general, imidacloprid 70 WG at 3 g kg?¹ seed was found most effective and economical against sucking pests whereas, thiamethoxam 30 FS at 10 ml kg?¹ seed proved next effective treatment. As far as duration of protection is concerned, imidacloprid 70 WG provided best protection up to 58 days against aphid and leafhopper, 65 days against thrips and 72 days against whitefly as well as mealybug populations whereas thiamethoxam 30 FS stood next to provide protection up to 51 days against aphid and leafhopper and up to 72 days for thrips, whitefly and mealybug populations. The combination product chlorantraniliprole 9.3 SC+lamda cyhalothrin 4.6 CS (13.9 ZC) was found less effective to above treatments and provided protection up to 30 days against thrips, 51 days against aphid and leafhopper, 58 days against whitefly and 72 days against mealybug and more or less comparable to untreated control. The seed treatment of imidacloprid 70 WG at 3 g kg?¹ seed was registered highest seed cotton yield (21.69 q ha?¹) and highest germination percentage (90.67%)

The experimental plot was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments. The growth and yield parameters such as Plant height (m), Plant spread (m), Leaf area (cm²), Fruit set (%), Fruit cracking (%), Number of fruits per plant, Average fruit weight (g), Fruit yield per plant (kg), Fruit length (cm) and Fruit diameter (cm) over control were recorded during course of the investigation. The study results indicated that, the superior values for Plant height ( 4.35 m), Plant spread (3.78 m), Leaf area ( 9.40 cm²), Fruit set (41.10%), Fruit cracking (23.10%), Number of fruits per plant (124), Average fruit weight (250g), Fruit yield per plant (32.98 kg), Fruit length (9.40cm) and Fruit diameter (9.32 cm) were recorded in a plant treated with T5 treatment (100% RDF + FYM + Trichoderma) Which was closely followed by treatment T9 (75% RDF + FYM + Trichoderma)

The present case report discussed the successful surgical management of twin macerated fetuses in six years old, seven months pregnant primiparous Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred cattle that showed abnormal vaginal discharge for more than 20 days. The fetal maceration was diagnosed with per-vaginal, per-rectal, and trans-rectal ultrasonography, followed by laparohysterotomy confirmed two macerated fetuses in separate uterine horns. On inspection of the ovaries, the corpus luteum was absent on both ovaries.

Among the Bio-control agents, Trichodermma harzianum was found most effective to inhibit 83.69 per cent inhibition of mycelia growth of fungus in vitro and Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum at 4 g kg/seed was found to be more effective in reducing the wilt incidence to 20.81 per cent and 61.75 per cent disease control under field condition and maximum 801.33 kg/ha seed yield

Azadirachta indica leaf extract was found most effective followed by Allium sativum cloves extract in both conditions and Ocimum tenuiflorum were found least effective Among these plant extracts. Azadirachta indica leaf extract recorded in vitro inhibition the mycelial growth (56.33%), and in vivo 18.27 per cent disease incidence with 64.81 per cent disease control and 788.35 kg/ha seed yield by increasing 135.79 per cent seed yield. were categorized, nineteen genotypes/varieties viz. RCr-475, RCr-480, RCr-728, UD-796, RD-366, UD-426, UD-483, CO-3, UD-743, UD-744, DH-246, NS-2, UD–728, UD-775, UD-630, UD-707, DH-208, RD-120 and RD-154 as moderately resistant, four genotypes/ varieties viz., NS-1, J. Co-387.

The experimental plot was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments. The physio-chemical parameters such as fruit colour, fruit volume, fruits density, number of arils per fruit, peel per cent and juice per cent over control were recorded during course of the investigation. The study results indicated that, the superior values for fruit colour (4.21 visual), fruit volume (279 ml), fruits density (953.40 kg/m³), number of arils per fruit (59.80%), peel per cent (40.20%) and juice per cent (41.90%) were recorded in a plant treated with T5 treatment (100% RDF + FYM + Trichoderma) Which was closely followed by treatment T9 (75% RDF + FYM + Trichoderma)

The field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2021-22 at Saheed Gundadhur College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, IGKV, Raipur (CG), to evaluate the kodo millet resistant genotypes for banded blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn). Nineteen genotypes evaluated with one susceptible check (JK78) and one resistant check (RK 390-25) under an initial advanced varietal trail were revealed that all genotypes were promising resistance for head smut and where showed the banded blight range between 0 to 63.58%. Genotype KMV 557 (0.0%) found immune reaction and IIMR KM 4 (27.2%) found promising for moderately resistant against the banded blight. In resistance check the disease incidence was observed 15.4%

Majority of the Indian economy is in the hands of small and marginal farmers with 80% of total land holdings having less than 1ha of cultivable land. Integration of crops and livestock is very much needed to get sustainable income for small holder farming. With an objective to identify the profitable crop and livestock integrated farming for small and marginal farmers in Kurnool district, the present study ‘sustainable livelihood for small and marginal farmers through agriculture and livestock activities – a study on farming systems in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh was conducted. It was observed that the farming system consisting of seasonal crops along with dairy, sheep and poultry was found most profitable than cultivation of crops alone. The farming system with red gram + dairy + sheep was found profitable in rainfed black soils with BCR of 2.11. from the study it was identified that red gram + dairy (1.94) in rainfed red soils and maize + sorghum + dairy + sheep + poultry (1.87) in rainfed black soils were found most profitable farming systems The Simpson Index of Diversification was also assessed and observed more diversification in the farming systems under irrigated black soils. The results of the study useful to adopt suitable and profitable farming system for small and marginal farmers in Kurnool district

Marketing behaviour of lac growers is influenced by several factors. Lac is one of the most important NTFPs (Non-Timber Forest Products), that provide benefits and high profits to the poor. Lac (is a natural resin secreted by the lac insect,) and Kusumi are strains of lac (Kerria lacca). The current study was conducted in Kanker District of Chhattisgarh State during 2021-22 to assess the marketing behaviour of Kusumi lac growers. The study was conducted with 112 Kusumi lac growers as respondents by using proportionate random sampling in 2 primary committees out of 17 primary committees in Antagarh Block of Kanker district. Statistical tests and procedures were used to analyze the data using statistical tools such as mean, SD, percentage, and multiple correlations. The findings of the study revealed that 66.96 percent of respondents had a medium level of marketing behaviour. The majority of lac growers sell their output as brood lac at the same time after harvesting facilities and their payment was in cash and received all at once. Majority of respondents were not having storage. All 13 selected attributes of Kusumi lac growers, were found to have a positive and significant relationship with marketing behaviour except for age, family size, and scientific orientation. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the socioeconomic and communicational status of Kusumi lac growers influence their marketing behaviour.

Ninety five genotypes of Guar were evaluated for 11 quantitative characters to study correlation and path coefficient analysis. The character association studies revealed that seed yield per plant had positive significant correlation with no.of pods per plant, no.of seeds per pod, no.of pods per cluster and pod length suggesting that these are the major yield contributing traits. Path co-efficient analysis revealed that no.of pods per plant exerted strong direct positive effect on seed yield per plant signifying the importance of this character while selecting for improvement of seed yield per plant

The study was conducted in ten villages of two taluks in Ramanagara district in Karnataka state during 2021-22 to analyse the extent of participation of farm men and women in mulberry cultivation activities and to document the drudgeries faced by farm men and women in mulberry cultivation activities. Sixty farm men and 60 women practising sericulture formed the sample and the respondents were interviewed using a pre-tested schedule. Activities like deep digging, application of manure, micro nutrients and plant protection chemicals and irrigation were performed by majority of the farm men, while preparation of mulberry cuttings and weeding operations were performed by majority of farm men and women. The ‘t’ value (1.81) was found to be significant at five per cent level indicating that there exists a significant difference in the mean participation score between the farm men (8.10) and women (6.99) in respect of mulberry cultivation activities. Age, education, experience in sericulture, innovativeness, achievement motivation, management orientation, risk orientation, economic motivation, attitude towards sericulture, farming commitment, mass media exposure, training in sericulture, extension agency contact, farm scientist contacts and extension participation of farm men and women were having significant to highly significant association with the participation in mulberry cultivation activities. Backache, headache, neck pain, blisters, lesions, and eye irritation were the health hazards/drudgeries faced by both the sexes in mulberry cultivation activities

Principal component analysis, genetic variability studies were performed in pigeon pea germplasm lines to study the genotypic responses, characters associations and environmental interactions towards transplanting responsiveness for yield and yield attributing traits. Short duration (120-145 days) photo insensitive types did not show significant differences on seed yield and attributing traits. Medium duration types (above 145 days) showed moderate to poor responses. Even in long duration types, perennial vegetable types, vegetable types showed greater levels of adaptation followed by grain types. Yield attributing traits like plant height, number of branches, number of pods, and number of seeds were highly associated with seed yield under transplanting responsiveness

An experiment was conducted at College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during summer season of the year 2019 to study Effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on growth and yield of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experiment were four irrigation schedules (IW: CPE ratios 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 and irrigation at critical growth stages flowering, branching, pod formation and pod development stages) and five nitrogen management treatments were tried. Irrigation level I? (0.8 IW: CPE ratio) recorded higher pod yield and haulm yield, nitrogen content in seed and haulm, nitrogen uptake by seed and haulm. The highest water use efficiency was recorded under treatment I?. Nitrogen management treatment N? (50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost) recorded significantly increase pod yield, haulm yield, nitrogen content in seed and haulm, nitrogen uptake by seed and haulm. The treatment combination I?N? recorded higher pod yield, haulm yield, nitrogen uptake by seed and haulm, net realization. Significantly higher WUE was recorded under treatment combination I?N?.