The Great Indian Desert, is a large arid region in the north-western part of the India and is named as Thar Desert. It covers around 6% of the country’s total geographical area and forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. Scarcity of water (annual rainfall 100-500 mm yr-1), extremes of temperature (highest of 47-49°C) and high population density of human as well as livestock make this region as most vulnerable deserts of the world. Droughts are very frequent to this region. However, local dwellers with centuries of experiences have evolved themselves to deal with local environments. Communities have aligned their livelihood in harmony with local resources. Very sound, time tested water harvesting structures like tanka, khadin, Nadis, kund, Jhalaras, kui etc. were developed to meet water requirement. The region is bestowed with several miracle plants of immense food and medicinal value to modern civilization. Nature has provided very unique, hardy and useful animals to this region to support the survival of human being here. The local people have developed art of harvesting maximum from livestock without harming the animals and nature. Traditional cultural and socio-religious values are fast dwindling under the impact of materialistic approach, industrialisation and development. This paper endeavours to illustrate the need to assist and propagate indigenous rural livelihood systems rather than mindlessly to replace or abandon them as a result of so called modernization

The present research programme was conducted to study the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder supplementation on the growth performance and health status of Large White Yorkshire young pigs. A total number of 128 (12 litters) young pigs weaned at 28 days old were taken for the study period of 56 days. The young pigs in their respective litters were randomly divided into three groups viz., Control (C) fed basal diet, Treatment-1 (T1) fed basal diet + 0.5% turmeric powder and Treatment-2 (T2) fed basal diet + 1% guava leaves in such a way that there were 4 replicates in each group with 1 litter as one replicate. Parameters recorded were body weight (BW), Average daily gain (ADG), Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR)

In present study total 18 clinical cases of dogs in three groups were anesthetized by propofol, thiopental sodium and their mixture (1:1) separately. The Saturation of peripheral Oxygen study was done prior to anaesthesia (0 minute), after induction, after anaesthesia (15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes) and after recovery by using Multi Para Monitor EXCELLO (BPL LTD., BPL Towers, 13 Kasturba Road, Bangalore, 560001). Saturation of peripheral Oxygen decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes after induction in all the three groups. There were non-significant changes between 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes after induction and it may be concluded that propofol, thiopental sodium and their mixture caused decrease of Saturation of peripheral Oxygen (SpO2) level which were within manageable physiological range and anesthetics should consider supplemental oxygen during general anesthesia

The experiment was undertaken during Kharif 2019, 2020 and 2021 at Agricultural Research Station, S.D. Agricultural University, Aseda, Gujarat. The treatments comprised of four levels of phosphorus (P0 : Control, P1 : 20, P2 : 30 and P3 : 40 Kg P2O5/ha) and four levels of biofertilizers (B0 : Control, B1 : PSB, B2 : VAM and B3 : PSB + VAM. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Among the different levels of phosphorus, it seems that as levels of phosphorus increase (0 to 40 kg P2O5/ha), the value of seed yield and straw yield increases significantly over controls. In case of different bio fertilizers application significantly higher value of were recorded under the combined application of PSB + VAM compared to the control (no. application of bio fertilizers). The result of interaction found superior combination of 40 P2O5 kg/ha along with VAM and PSB bio fertilizers application and remained at par with the with 40 P2O5 kg/ha along with PSB bio fertilizers. Highest net return (Rs 30572/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.89) were recorded under 40 kg P2O5/ha along with combined application of PSB + VAM

Investigation on determination of economic threshold level of pearl millet stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) carried out at Millet Research Station, Jamnagar during kharif 2017 and 2021. All the treatments recorded significant reduction of stem borer infestation than untreated control. The lowest infestation of stem borer was recorded where fully plant protection was given. 5 % plant damage recorded highest net return (Rs. 14257/-) and ICBR (1:9.15) among all the treatments. So, this treatment was found economical and should be considered as economic threshold level for the pearl millet stem borer

India's agricultural system is at an important stage in its transformation. In India, the average land tenure for farmers is 1.08 hectares, and 86 percent of the settlements are less than two hectares in size. In addition, small and scale farmers are often trapped in a vicious cycle of low productivity and subsistence farming due to insufficient access to information, technology, and financial services. Therefore, an important policy question that arises is how information and market access issues can be overcome by poor farmers with resources. Traditionally, a key means of information dissemination and innovation for many emerging economies are agricultural extension services that are supported by the public sector. In this program, extension agents train poor farmers with resources directly on best practices or work closely with selected 'model farmers' who try new farming methods and pass them on to other farmers. It is suggested that your personal digital extension services could be used to enhance the public sector's efforts to provide agricultural-related information in rural areas. However, for these digital extension services to be an effective tool, some basic infrastructure such as roads, electricity, telephone network and internet access need to be accessible, which may require government support

A field study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of some chemicals in crop regulation of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda (10 years old) grown at higher altitudes of NE India having humid tropical climate to harvest quality fruits in winter season by avoiding rainy season crop. Removal of summer flush was done at two leaf pair (Stage-I), flower bud emergence (Stage-II) and full bloom (Stage-III) using same chemicals viz., Ethephon (600 and 900 ppm); Urea (10 and 15%); NAA (200 and 400 ppm); manual thinning (100%) and control following factorial randomized block design with three replications. Results indicated that, among phenological stages, flower bud emergence stage was found effective in crop regulation with higher physico-chemical quality of fruits during both the season. Spraying of NAA @ 200 ppm at Stage-II recorded delayed full bloom (76 days) and delayed fruit maturity (132 days) was recorded with urea @ 10%. At flower bud emergence stage, deblossoming with NAA @ 200 ppm recorded highest fruit retention (68.42%) and fruit yield (33.38 kg plant-1) followed by urea @ 10% (66.67 % and 31.49 kg plant-1) over control. Similarly, maximum fruit weight (157.45 g) was recorded in NAA @ 200 ppm at flower bud emergence stage followed by urea @ 10% (156.65 g). Fruit firmness was recorded highest in NAA @ 200 ppm application at Stage-III (6.53 kg/cm2) followed by Stage-II (6.49 kg/cm2). In fruit quality, spraying of NAA @ 200 ppm at flower bud emergence stage recorded highest TSS: acid ratio (20.00) followed by urea @ 10% (18.96), while ascorbic acid content was recorded highest in urea @ 10% at flower bud emergence stage (186.56 mg/100 g pulp). The findings revealed that the removal of summer season flush using NAA @ 200 ppm or urea @ 10% at flower bud emergence stage was found suitable in promotion of winter season crop in guava at higher altitudes of north east India

A field experiment was conducted on medium black soil to study the evaluation of nano fertilizer in Bt. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under rainfed condition at Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia, Gujarat, during kharif- 2017-18 to 2020-21. The experiment comprising of six treatments viz., T1. 80 kg N ha-1 through urea, T2. 1/10 (8 kg N ha-1) RDN through nano fertilizer, T3. 1/5 (16 kg N ha-1) RDN through nano fertilizer, T4. 1/2.5 (32 kg N ha-1) RDN through nano fertilizer, T5. Backbone polymer fragment liquid only as T2, T6. 80 kg N ha-1+ 10 tonne compost ha-1 + 500 kg castor cake ha-1 with four replications laid out in randomized block design. In pooled results, on growth and yield attributers viz., number of monopodia, sympodia and balls per plant and ball girth at maturity, root, stem, leaf, open ball growth rate and crop growth rate was found significant during all the four years, whereas partitioning percentage was found non-significant during all the four years. Similarly, seed cotton and stalk yield of Bt. cotton was found significant during all the four years. Maximum net realization (Rs. 109147 ha-1) was obtained under application of 80 kg N ha-1 through urea, followed by under application of 80 kg N ha-1 + 10 tonne compost ha-1 + 500 kg castor cake ha-1(Rs. 104025 ha-1) and 1/2.5 (32 kg N ha-1) RDN through nano fertilizer

Forty genotypes of fenugreek [Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.)] were evaluated at Agronomy Instructional Farm, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during rabi-2019 to estimate genetic diversity existing among them by using Mahalanobis's D2 statistic. The genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Out of four clusters, maximum number of 32 genotypes are in cluster I. Cluster II is the second largest with 5 genotypes followed by cluster II with two genotypes. The cluster IV having single genotype. The pattern of distribution of genotyoes into various clusters was at random indicating that geographical and genetic diversity were not related. Among the genotypes, pattern of group showed significant differences. Inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster II and III followed by cluster II and IV. Intra cluster distance was maximum recorded in cluster I followed with cluster II. Among the ten characters studied in divergence, number of branches per plant, harvest index (%), days to flowering, number of pods per plant and test weight (g) contributed maximum toward total genetic divergence suggested these characters should be taken into consideration while selecting parents to hybridization

Hailstorm is occasionally occurring in Jashpur district during winter and summer season due to some western disturbances causing crops damage and losses including houses. The occurrence has reduced the commercial as well as appealing value of the crops. So far meager information is available on impact of hail damage on horticultural and agricultural crops. Therefore, the main objective of this study was conducted to monitor the impact of hail storm on Rabi crops, summer paddy and other horticultural crops. Result showed significant cropped area damaged in all the crops at varying degree. Weight of hails was found to be around 100 grams and its typical diameter was found near H0 to H3 categories which severely damaged households and agricultural and horticultural crops. However, the severity of damage was higher at flowering, fruit setting stage and nursery stage. In affected villages 750.3 ha area affected by hailstorm which is 38% of net sown area of affected villages of Pathalgaon block and 14.6 ha area affected at villages of Farsabahar block which is 80% of net sown area of affected villages

This study, to determine the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance for yield, and its component traits in 86 wheat genotypes. The result showed significant differences in respect of yield and yield contributing traits. In general, the magnitude of PCV was higher than GCV for all the traits. The high estimation of PCV (>20%) was not detected. Moderate estimation (10-20%) of phenotypic coefficient of variance recorded only to the tiller per plant (12.27). the high estimate of heritability in a broad sense (>75%) was recorded for plant height (0.978), spike length (0.782), and peduncle length (0.773). Tiller per plant (12.654), Peduncle length (12.386), and Spike length (12.368) showed a moderate estimate of the genetic advance percent of the mean (10-20%) while tiller per plant (7.074) show 5% of the genetic advance. It indicates that these traits were governed by the additive genetic effect which is the fixable type and consequently, desirable selection will reward improvement for those traits

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. The term artificial intelligence is applied when a machine mimic functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as problem solving”. Capabilities currently classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech, competing at a high level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go), self-driving cars, intelligent routing in content delivery networks, military simulations, and interpreting complex data. The goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. On the other hand, Robotics is a branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environment or manufacturing processes, or resembles humans in appearance, behavior and cognition. Today Robotics is rapidly growing field of research, design, and building new robots that serve various practical purposes. As it has taken drive in agriculture and biotechnology

The study has analyzed the growth performance of wheat and instability in area and production, impact of MSP on acreage and price behaviour of wheat in India. Based on highest average arrivals of last decade, one market was selected from selected states, as well as from Gujarat state. The compound growth rate and Cuddy-Della Valle Index were used to estimate the growth and instability in area, production and yield of wheat. Nerlovian Lag model was used to analyse acreage response of wheat crop. ARIMA model was used for forecasting. The behaviour of prices and arrivals was examined through multiplicative model. In India, area, production and yield indicated a significant and positive growth with high stability. The results of acreage for wheat revealed that irrigated area found positive (0.4891). The results of forecasting area and production of wheat in Gujarat and India will increase in the next five years. High degree of inter year fluctuation in arrivals of wheat during study period for both the markets

The present research study was conducted during 2021-22. In these study attitude of polytechnic students towards diploma programme was studied. As a part of research work it was necessary to construct a scale for the purpose of study. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to develop a scale for measuring the attitude of polytechnic students towards diploma programme. Method of summated rating scale by Likert (1932) was used. From all these sources tentative lists of 66 statements were prepared keeping in view of the applicability of statements suited to the area of study. The 66 statements collected were carefully edited and 52 statements were prepared in the form of questionnaire and was sent to experts. 30 statements out of 52 were selected through relevancy testing. After computing ‘t’ values for all the 30 statements, statements with ‘t’ values more than 1.75 were selected for the final scale. 20 statements with‘t’ value more than 1.75 were selected in the scale and final scale comprised of 20 statements to measure the attitude of polytechnic students towards diploma programme

The use of protected cultivation such as greenhouses and soilless root media to grow vegetables like tomato, even where weather is not suitable, is increasing. To meet the growing demand for fresh vegetables, it is necessary to plant tomatoes in more areas. This experiment was performed to study the effect of media and varieties on growth, yield and quality of tomato and to evaluate the cost economics of soilless cultivation of tomato in South Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India during year 2019, 2020 and 2021. For plant height, treatment variation of media was found significant for first year only. For fruit length, width and weight, result was observed non-significant for media, variety and interaction during all years as well as in pooled. For fruit yield per plant, maximum number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plot, the treatment variation for media (soil) and variety (Mahy Anagha) was significant during all years as well as in pooled. The maximum benefit-cost ratio was recorded in the Mahy Anagha variety followed by soil media

The two-year-old non-descript buffalo heifer was presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College, Hassan with the history of dyspnoea, recurrent bloat, anorectic, passing scanty pasty faecal matter and suspended rumination for one month. Diagnosis was done by history, clinical findings, on auscultation abnormal heart sound and reticular sounds at 4th and 5th intercostal space and it was confirmed as biphasic contraction of reticulum near the heart in ultrasonography. The blood examination revealed leucocytosis, exploratory laparotomy revealed the hearniation of the part of reticulum into the thoracic cavity. Hernial ring was around four fingers (6-7cms). Lapro-Rumenotomy was performed to evacuate the contents of the rumen one day before the correction of the diaphragmatic hernia. The surgical correction of the reticulocele was performed under dissociative anaesthesia using combination of inj. Butorphanol @ 0.1 mg/kg B.Wt, inj Ketamine @ 2 mg/kg B.Wt, inj Diazepam @ 0.2 mg/kg B.Wt intravenously for induction and was maintained using inj Ketamine @ 6 mg/kg B.Wt and inj Diazepam @ 0.3 mg/kg B.Wt at continuous rate of infusion and local anaesthetic using inj 2 % Lignocaine. Herniorrhaphy was performed post xiphoid ventral midline approach under standard surgical procedure and tight abdominal bandage to prevent the incisional hernia

Rice plays a significant role in the economy of Odisha farming community, covering 70 percent area under cereals. At present nearly 4mha of area is covered annually under this crop (3.7 m ha during kharif & 0.3 m ha during Rabi). About 2.5-3.0 tons per ha of dry rice straw is the average net production in Odisha (State Agriculture Plan of Odisha, 2014). This creates a huge canvas to use the rice straw in a more economically feasible way without hampering the environment. One of the key alternatives being its role as a feedstock in bioethanol production. But there are various factors that determine the management of paddy straw. The present study was conducted in Bhatli district of Bargarh, Odisha which is one of the highest producing areas of paddy. A total of 50 farmers were selected for the given study. Study was conducted to list out the amount of straw used for various purposes by the farmers. Also, awareness amongst the farmers about various alternative uses of paddy straw was assessed. It was revealed that none of the farmers were aware about the use of paddy straw as a feedstock for bioethanol production. Moreover, various problems encountered by the farmers in handling of paddy straw as ranked. Thus, the study revealed that management of paddy straw is determined by various socio-economic factors and thus these factors should be considered to devise a suitable regional model to put use of paddy straw in more suitable ways. Thus, to utilize paddy straw in an effective and ecological way there should be an integrated afford made by extension agent, farmers and farmers organizations in terms of changing Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP)

A long term experiment was conducted during 2016-17 to 2020-21 at Fruit Research Station Kuthulia Farm, College of agriculture Rewa under All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising 5 varieties which were replicated four times with 5 promising variety of guava. The treatments were comprised, the results indicate that various treatment exhibited significant effect on canopy, yield and quality of the fruits. The maximum tree height Arka Mridula (3.37 m) was recorded followed by Shweta (2.91m) was noted the highest Canopy volume (m3) was recorded Arka Mridula (16.97 m3) followed by Lalit (15.83 m3). However minimum Canopy volume (m3) CISH G-1 (9.92 m3). The higher no. of fruit and weight of fruit were recorded Shweta (215.30 & 220.5g). Here it is mention that the results related to vegetative parameters and quality of fruits on the basis of only 1 year data. The hybrid Shweta recorded highest TSS(9.70°B). While lowest in Arka Mridula (8.79°B). However highest acidity % was recorded in Lalit(0.90%). The pooled yield data 5 years clearly indicated that fruit yield tree-1 and yield ha-1 (27.03 and 108.14 qt.) have been registered with the cv. Shweta. Followed by Arka Mridula (21.75 & 87.01q) were observed cv. Arka Mridula. The benefit cost ratio was also found higher with the treatment 1.94 (hectare basis) has been were recorded cv. Shweta