Aberrated climatic regime is the major causes of reduction in food production in the Kymore Plateau & Satpura hills zones of Madhya Pradesh. The Panna district falls under Bundelkhand as well as Kymore Plateau and Satpura hills agro climatic regions where the average annual rainfall is about 1176 mm and only 48% cultivated area is irrigated and generally the agriculture is rainfed farming. The total amount of average rainfall in these regions may be adequate to meet the water requirements of the crops and cropping systems. But the climate change since last two decades has brought out the changes in rainfall pattern and distribution which exhibited aberrations either as sudden downpour or long dry spells during kharif season that poses severe stress on crop and reducing their grain yield and degradation of natural resource. In view of this, in-situ rain water management strategies for minimizing risk of crop failure and stabilizing crop production. In this regard, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Panna have develop modules and demonstrated on farmers field i.e., Sowing with broad bed furrow system, sowing with furrow irrigated raised bed planting, sowing with sweep seed rill, in-situ mulching of weeds in Pigeon pea crop, Direct Seeded Rice, zero-tillage, crop diversification, Intercropping and weed management which allow maximum utilization of given or available resources and draining of the excess water and conserve the in-situ soil moisture under less precipitation regime through increased infiltration rate and reduced run-off. Therefore, an integrated resources management approach comprising in-situ water conservation, harvesting of excess water in ponds and groundwater recharging and its efficient use through appropriate supplemental irrigation methods, improved crop varieties and cropping systems, balanced nutrition of crops, crop diversification and intensification with high value crops and crop protection is needed to produce more food and income per unit area under limited irrigation/ rain fed situation. Which is beneficial in enhancing crop productivity and rainfall use efficiency by implementing improved technologies by farmers community in District-Panna.

India has made greater strides in reducing the poverty level and implemented large number of programme for improving the food and nutritional security. Despite this, Global Hunger Index (GHI) ranked 97 out of 118 countries and as rated as “serious” hunger level in the 2016. The Government has pledged to achieve the sustainable development goals by 2030 and GoI, which requires moving beyond the food security and should focus on raising the income of the people particularly in rural areas. The challenges were climate change, limited opportunities in generating rural income from non-farm activities, urbanizations and global food prices which further aggravates food and nutritional insecurity. To tackle the food insecurity focus should be given on crop diversification, public and private investment should be made in rural areas for generation of income from non-farm sectors and also regulating in the market price.

The data on 862 Hardhenu cattle sired by 63 pertaining to production performance traits were collected from history cum pedigree sheets maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm (CBF), Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar over a period of 20 years from 1997 to 2016. Analysis of variance done by restricted maximum likelihood method of Harvey (1990) using mixed linear model. The heritability estimates along with standard errors for different production performance traits viz., LMY, LMY-305, LL, PY, AMY, MCI, MSC, Persistency, AFC, SP, CI and DP summarized as 0.41±0.11, 0.36±0.11, 0.26±0.09, 0.44±0.16, 0.30±0.10, 0.31±0.10, 0.50±0.12, 0.26±0.09, 0.45±0.20, 0.04±0.01, 0.10±0.07 and 0.11±0.07, respectively. The heritability estimates for various production performance traits were found to be low to high ranging from 0.04 (SP) to 0.50 (MSC). The genetic and phenotypic correlations between production performance traits were low to high ranged -0.70 (LL/DP) to 0.99 (LMY-305/SP) and -0.55 (MSC/DP) to 0.96 (LMY/LMY-305). The genetic and phenotypic correlations of MSC with all production performance traits were moderate to high ranged from 0.28 (SP) to 0.90 (LMY) and 0.28 (SP) to 0.90 (AMY), respectively. Therefore, selection based on MSC would result in improvement in desirable direction through positive correlated response in most of the traits under study.

An experiment was conducted in the Poly House of Department of Natural Resources Management, ASPEE College of Horticulture & Forestry, NAU, Navsari to study the “Growth performance of Eucalyptus clones under various level of soil sodicity in nursery stage” were conducted during 2014 and 2015. Total six eucalyptus clones viz. SRO-16 (C1), JK-08 (C2), JK-02 (C3), CPM-413 (C4), CPM-288 (C5) and CPM-526 (C6) as well as five sodicity level S1 (Less than 3 ESP, Control), S2 (3-6 ESP), S3 (6-9 ESP), S4 (9-12 ESP) and S5 (12-15 ESP) were evaluated in Factorial CRD with three replications. The tallest eucalyptus seedling was observed under JK-08 (C2). However, the smallest seedling was recorded by CPM-288 (C5). The maximum collar diameter of eucalyptus seedling was observed under JK-02 (C3). However, the minimum collar diameter was recorded by CPM-526 (C6). The minimum pH and EC of soil were observed under the treatment S1 (Less than 3 ESP - Control). However, the maximum SOC and available N, K2O, were observed under S1 (Less than 3 ESP - Control). On the other hand S5 (12-15 ESP) recorded maximum CEC, ESP and available P2O5.

To work out the sustainable management of yellow mosaic disease, field experiments were conducted. All the treatments were found to be significantly superior over control, but the plots receiving spray of Imidachloprid (0.3%) at vegetative stage and Azadirachtin (2%) after flowering had minimum PDI least number of whiteflies per plant and maximum grain yield. This was followed by Dimethoate at vegetative stage and Azadirachtin after flowering. One PGPR Bacillus subtilis was also evaluated as seed treatment and also in combination with azadirachtin spray. The purpose was to reduce dependency on harmful synthetic insecticides and also to develop a suitable control strategy for organic farming of soybean.

During two seasons surveys of 2011-12 and 2012-13 in five districts, namely, Banswara, Bundi, Chittorgarh, Kota and Udaipur, the highest mean disease severity and White fly populations were recorded in Kota and Banswara, respectively the minimum were recorded in Bundi district. The variety JS-335 that covers maximum area in Rajasthan was found susceptible to YMD. YMD infection produced the symptoms like yellow mosaic, complete yellowing, size reduction, slight puckering of leaves, stunting of flower stalk bearing few flowers and yellow pods with immature and shrivelled seeds.

Livestock husbandry is one of the most noteworthy agricultural sectors that has been competing with overall economic expansion in the arid zones of the world. It plays a central role in the economy of Rajasthan because it fits in better with environmental, economic, social and demographic matrix of the region, especially in the western desert areas. The study attempts livestock husbandry and sustainability of large livestock rearers of western arid Rajasthan, India where the largest number of livestock of the country are reared particularly by the Rebari, Raika, Bishnoi, Jat, etc. The mainstay of the Raika or Rebari, Sindhi Muslims, and the Rajput population is rearing of small ruminants, cattle and camel, whereas Jats and Bishnoi usually rear cattle and camel. The data analysis of 1956-2012 indicates that the population of buffalo has increased by about 300% whereas the population of the camel has decreased by about 49.5% during the same period. Droughts of 1962, 1972, 1988 and 2007 negatively affected livestock population due to distress release and sale. During a normal rainfall year, females have contributed up to 71.2% in livestock husbandry for a barn and cleaning while men performed 67.8% marketing activities. Earlier, more than 78% agricultural operations were done by men using livestock. The animal husbandry contributes 85-92% income among the 21.52% households of small farmers. Annual income from livestock grew 8.9% during 2007-2012. However, rearing of goats and sheep was remarkable for high value-added role (19%) during 2007-12. The primary, as well as secondary sources, were used for analysis. Data were collected from field survey and different journals, reports, magazines, etc. and collated and analyzed with simple statistical techniques. The study presents recommendations for the improvement of social-economic sustainability of small farmers.

In Himalayas people’s livelihood and economy are highly depended on natural land uses such as silvipastures and grasslands. In this study silvipastures viz., chir pine silvipasture (SPCP), mixed-forest silvipasture (SPM) and banjoak silvipasture (SPBO) and grasslands (Gr) in the 2B4D6-watershed of central Himalayas were investigated for phytosociology of ground vegetation i.e. herbage and shrubs along the elevation gradient. The whole 2B4D6-watershed was delineated into five elevations i.e., <1100 m, 1101-1400 m, 1401-1700 m, 1701-2000 m and >2000 m and six sites were selected at each elevation making a total of 30 sites. In the watershed six parcels of size 10 m x 10 m and six quadrats of size 50 × 50 cm were randomly laid out at each site to study shrubs and herbage vegetation in silvipastures and grasslands. Mean density and basal area of herbage was significantly higher in grasslands (989.6 tillers/m2 and 57.1 cm2/m2) as compared to silvipasture systems (889.3 tillers/m2 and 48.2 cm2/m2). Likewise, mean density and basal area of shrubs was significantly higher in grasslands (2452.2 plants/ha and 0.52 m2/ha) as compared to silvipasture systems (1646.5 plants/ha and 0.38 m2/ha). These parameters of ground vegetation decreased in both grasslands and silvipasture systems along the elevation. In silvipasture systems and grasslands the dominance of herbage species changed with elevation. This decreased density and basal area of ground vegetation in silvipastures as compared to grasslands and along elevation gradient can be related to altered climatic parameters. The present study could be useful for understanding the changes in the phytosociology of ground vegetation in different natural land use systems and along elevation dominated by chir pine, banjoak, mixed forest and grasses.

In the present investigation, experiment trial was conducted on food rationing to check the impact on quantitative and qualitative parameters. The effect of feeding was evaluated by rearing the silkworms with four different treatments viz. One feeding (24 hrs - gap), Two feeding (12 hrs - gap), Three feeding (8 hrs - gap) and Four feeding (5 hrs - gap). The experiment concluded that, there is significant differences were observed among all the treatments with respect to pre and post cocoon parameters towards silkworm growth and development. The total larval duration was recorded more in T1 i.e. 28 days and less in T4 i.e. 25 days. The larval weight was observed significantly more in T4 i.e. 49.33 g and less in T1 i.e. 34 g, whereas ERR/10000 larvae was differed with 4200 & 8466.33 by number and 4.73 Kg & 16 Kg by weight was observed in T1 and T4 respectively with significant differences among all the treatments. The average filament length of T1 is 505.67 mtr and T4 is 941.67 mtr with raw silk percentage 25.74 and 32.48 per cent respectively. The defective cocoon percentage was more in T1 i.e. 9.42 and less in T4 i.e. 4.47 per cent. The above observation shows importance of food rationing to the silkworm at different intervals for their growth &development and cocoon productivity.

Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) the Queen of Spices enjoys a unique position in the international spices market, as one of the most sought after spices. In India, it is cultivated in the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Tami Nadu. The natural habitat of cardamom is the evergreen forests of Western Ghats. It is found to grow within an altitude ranging between 600 and 1200 meters above MSL. Various research institutions working on cardamom have released a number of elite location specific high yielding clones having yield potential of above 450 kg per hectare (rainfed) and superior capsule characters. Integrated pest and disease management is an important aspect of cardamom plantation management. Good quality of the produce can be achieved through timely harvest and adoption of scientific postharvest operations. Promising small cardamom varieties and improved selections coupled with optimum inputs and technologies can increase yield up to 2000 kg ha. Proper scientific management of plantation is the prime reason for successful cultivation. This production technology is recommended for commercial cultivation of small cardamom in the country.

The introduction of canals made the state of Punjab surplus in food grains but at the same time, this also led to the problem of waterlogging, rendering large chunks of land unproductive. This has resulted in decline in crop productivity, increasing variable costs and declining farm income. The study revealed that in Faridkot block, area under paddy crop has increased by 14.56 percent to the total cropped area. The area under cotton crop decreased by 44.88 percent to the total cropped area since 1986-87 to 2012-13. Area under paddy crop has increased to 73.76 percent and cotton crop decreased to 42.85 percent to the total cropped area over a period from 1986-87 to 2012-13 in Muktsar block. The total variable cost worked out to be higher in waterlogged area for different inputs except for irrigation cost than non-waterlogged area. The study revealed that the yield of paddy was 43.13 qt/ha in waterlogged area and 67.10 qt/ha in non-waterlogged area.

The investigation on Tasi orange, a semi-wild type of sweet orange, was carried out in Bodak Village of East Siang district in Arunachal Pradesh. The objective of the study was to map the morphological characters associated with yield. Two types of Tasi, Type 1 with bigger leaves and relatively narrow leaves and Type 2 with smaller fruits and broad leaves were found to grow under semi wild conditions. Both the tree types are spreading in nature with presence of thorns and wingless leaves.

The study investigated the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency of okra farm in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh, using a stochastic frontier production function. Pre tested questionnaires were used to collect the primary data from 154 randomly selected respondents. The study revealed return to scale on okra farm positive and less than unity as 0.428 which indicated that okra production in stage two of the production surface. The stochastic frontier analysis showed that 36.1 percent of the variation in okra output attributed to technical efficiencies differences among the production units. About 63.9 percent of the variation in output was due to random factors such as unfavourable weather, water scarcity, pest and disease attacks and other factors outside the control of producer including errors in data collection. The mean technical efficiency of the pooled sample accounted to be 96.1 percent. Allocative efficiency in production of okra was not optimum as input variables were either under utilsed or over utilised. Allocative efficiency of agrochemical was found most under utilised and irrigation over utilised resource in okra production. No farm from different size groups of farms of vegetable growers found using the resources efficiently.

This study was conducted during 2015-16 in 3 taluks/blocks of Kolar district, Karnataka. The total sample size was 150 tomato growers, 50 from each taluks. Farmers grew hybrids in Malur taluk, high yielding varieties (HYVs) in Mulbagal and both in case of Srinivaspura taluk. Since there was high volatility in tomato prices, most of the farmers cultivated tomato in 3 seasons depending upon the availability of irrigation in anticipation of good profits in any one season of the crop. Hence, an attempt was made to study the cost of cultivation, marketing costs and returns per rupee expenditure (RRE) of growing tomato at different price levels and seasons. Results showed that, around 31 to 37 percent of the total cost of cultivation comprised of labour cost. Total labour cost was highest in Malur taluk (Rs. 60592 per acre) for hybrids compared to HYVs grown in Srinivaspura (Rs. 55271 per acre) and Mulbagal taluks (Rs. 43164 per acre). The total cost of cultivation was lowest for all the three seasons for HYVs in Mulbagal taluk compared to hybrids grown in Malur and Srinivaspura taluks, respectively. Net profit earned per acre of tomato cultivated was highest for hybrids (Rs. 114707) than HYVs (Rs. 84287) of tomatoes. The highest RRE for tomato cultivation was in Malur taluk (1.70) followed by Srinivaspura taluk (1.64) and Mulbagal taluk (1.60) at average prices. The cost of producing one kg of tomato ranged from Rs 12 to 13 and the average price received by farmers ranged from Rs 14 to 15 per kg of tomato. This narrow margin of profit for the farmers can be increased by decreasing the cost of cultivation. Hence, further research has to be conducted on cost effective production and protection technologies in tomato production.

The present study was conducted in Ranchi district of Jharkhand to assess the potentiality of beekeeping as a subsidiary as well as primary source of income for the resource poor small and marginal farmers. The present study will also reveal the scope of “Doubling Farmers’ Income” in the state by introducing honey farming as potential source of livelihood. About 47 beekeepers from 10 different blocks of the district have been taken as the respondents to obtain the primary data of the study through schedules. It could be revealed that, the total cost of rearing 100 bee hives and producing honey was Rs. 178000 and the beekeepers were able to earn nearly about Rs 2 lakhs per annum in the Ranchi district. The results revealed that, honey has immense potential to increase the farmers’ income as an additional as well as main occupation source. Entrepreneurship development by providing proper training programmes, and other handholding supports from various stakeholders will develop the sector in the state to pave the way for sustainable sweet revolution and Doubling of Farmers’ Income by the desired timeline.

The farm mechanization helps in reducing cost of cultivation and improves farm productivity, thus facilitate realizing the goal of doubling of farmer income by 2022. An assessment of credit potential for farm mechanization in Telangana state of India has been made. The potential for farm mechanization in the state was worked out based on the cultivated area (irrigated and rainfed) and farm power requirement as also the existing farm power availability and need for replacement of existing sources of farm power. First, district wise credit potential was worked out and these were aggregated to assess the state level credit potential for farm mechanization. In total, 20020 tractors, 4320 power tillers, 550 combined harvestors, 1050 crop specific Custom Hiring Centres, 660 Paddy transplanters, 1462 Paddy threshers, 1851 Maize shellers, 851 Multi crop threshers and 39206 Other equipment (Primary and secondary tillage equipment, rotavators, straw balers, chaff cutters and plant protection equipment, etc.) were estimated to be required. Further, the potential for credit support involving bank loan of Rs. 213723.81 lakh has been assessed for farm mechanization in Telangana state. It was found that there is immense potential for financing of tractors (large, medium and small/mini horse power), power tillers, rotavators, Paddy transplanters, Paddy straw balers, threshers, combine harvesters and other equipment, etc. The scope for supporting crop specific Custom Hiring Centres, 1050 in number with credit support of Rs. 11063.07 lakh was identified. The critical infrastructure gaps and interventions required to improve the level of farm power availability were identified. This paper presents an overview of the potential available and the road map for farm mechanization sector to realize the goal of doubling of farmer’s income by 2022 for the benefit of planners and policy makers as well as banks, NBFCs and prospective entrepreneurs.

Land resource characterization and detailed inventorization of soil resources for farm planning was carried out in block level in Haryana as a case study in upper Gangetic plains. Satellite data(IRS-P6, LISS-IV) interpretation in conjunction with legacy data and cadastral maps was undertaken using latest techniques identified broad physiographic units and generated base map for soil survey. Eleven soil series along with eighteen mapping units were identified as phases of soils series in six broad physiographic units. Soil-physiographic relationship was established during detailed soil resource mapping. Soils occur on old alluvial plain are very deep, well drained to moderately well drained, calcareous, loam/clay loam and classified as Fine loamy, Typic Haplustepts /Typic Haplustalfs, while on old alluvial plain with high water table (Salt affected soils) are very deep, imperfectly to poorly drained, calcareous, clay loam, saline-sodic in nature (Fine loamy, Natric Haplustepts/ Typic Halaquepts). Soils on very gently sloping reclaimed sand dunes are sandy/loamy sand, excessively to somewhat drained (Typic Ustipsamments). Soils were characterized, classified for their constraints/potentials and suitability for different uses were identified. The majority of soils are moderately alkaline, slightly saline, high in lime content, and low to medium in available nutrients. Salinity/sodicity, drainage, erosion and low fertility are the major constraints in the region. Resource database generated were interpreted and integrated in Geographical Information System (GIS) for several thematic information viz., landform, land use/land cover, soils, drainage, particle size, and soil salinity/sodicity. Suitable land use options were suggested for each parcel of land by considering its constraints/potentialities. Village level site-specific database was generated for farm planning which could be easily applicable for land use and management strategies in similar area of upper Gangetic plain.

An enzymal activity experimental study was done in maize (Zea mays L.) of variety COHM5 using arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) inoculated(M+) and non-inoculated with Glomus intraradices. Roots and shoots sampled at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) were estimated for total chlorophyll content, peroxidase, catalase, phenol and polyphenol oxidase, humic acid, fulvic acid, Biomass C, Biomass N, Pep case and soluble protein. Elevated CO2 with mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increases total chlorophyll content, antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, phenol and polyphenol oxidase), humic acid, fulvic acid, Biomass C, Biomass N. But in case of Pep case and soluble protein activity increases in 370 ppm than 550 and 750 ppm its because of denaturation of enzyme activity was more pronounced as crop duration increases with the inoculation of VAM.

Agriculture is backbone of any civilization and country’s survival. India is an agriculture country with its 70% population engaged in Agriculture. The sector today is supported by a large population of scientists who use various research techniques and experiment to advance the technologies and address different development and welfare issues of those involved in Agriculture and allied fields. Youth perusing their higher education in Agriculture are an important link to future agriculture as well as present scenario. The interview conducted with 300 college students (150 boys from Agriculture College and another 150 girls from Home Science College) of N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Faizabad revealed that Agriculture and Allied subjects like Home Science are still popular among rural students and also attracts the students residing in urban areas in the ratio of 3:1. All of the students were involved in co-curricular activities either or both sports and cultural in nature along with curricular learning. Their academic performance and number of curricular activities they were involved revealed that majority of the college students (33.7%) who scored 7-8 OGPA (Overall Grade Point Average) on 10 point scale reported their involvement in 2-4 co-curricular activities and another 22. 7 % scoring 7-8 OGPA participated in less than 2 co-curricular activities. Thus, it is opined that strengthening of Agriculture education and use of the various media of Co-curricular activities can be beneficial to the youth as well as the farmers in doubling their income

The seed quality parameters and maturity indices were studied in a set of fifty-five spreading and semi spreading type of groundnut genotypes (Arachis hypogea L.). The studies indicated the effect of season and storage periods on the seed quality parameters. The genotypes behaved differently in different seasons and under different storage periods. The summer grown groundnut seeds lost the seed quality progressively under storage and showed poor germinability both in laboratory and field conditions. A wide range of phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for pod yield per plant and its components traits. Higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for days to pod yield per plant, plant height and secondary branches per plant. For various characters the magnitude of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean were found to be high. This indicated that additive gene action may be involved in the expression of these traits. High broad sense heritability estimates were recorded for most of traits which indicated that these traits were less influenced by the environment. These traits can be improved by simple selection procedure.

A preliminary survey on weedy rice infestation in rice fields was carried out in different rice ecosystem in red and lateritic belt of West Bengal, India during kharif and rabi season of 2012 and 2013. The Survey was carried out in 81, 77, 75 and 21 villages from 17, 18, 18 and 7 blocks out of 19, 22, 19 and 7 blocks present in Purulia, Bankura, Birbhum and parts of Burdwan district respectively. Four weedy rice species viz. Oryza rufipogon Griff., O. barthii A. Chev., O. minuta Presl. Ex. Presl., O. nivara Sharma et Shastry were identified during the survey. It was observed that population of weedy rice was higher in Birbhum district as compared to other districts under the survey area. The study revealed that almost all rice fields were found heavily infested with weedy rice. The frequency percentage and absolute density were 54.9 and 0.80, 44.0 and 0.70, 40.4 and 0.57and 35.7 and 0.43 in Birbhum, Parts of Burdwan, Bankura and Purulia district respectively. Out of 81, 77, 75 and 21 villages under survey 26, 31, 42 and 11 villages come under the categories where the frequency percentage more than 50 percent in Purulia, Bankura, Birbhum and parts of Burdwan district respectively. The damage is likely to increase exponentially in subsequent years, if not managed effectively, challenging the rice production system in the country.

The study was conducted in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu state to find out the socio-personal, socio-economic and communication behaviour of the dairy farmers and the constraints faced by them in utilizing different dairy service delivery systems. The dairy farmers were old and middle aged, medium land holders (5.1 to 10.0 acres), possessed high school education, had 23 to 49 years of experience in dairying and membership in dairy and agricultural co-operative societies. The average herd size was five animals which were mostly crossbred type with fodder crops cultivated in 0.7 to 3.7 acres of land. The total milk production was 5 to 22 litres per day per household. Veterinary officers, private veterinarians & para-veterinarians, veterinary pharmacist, co-operative officials, livestock inspectors are mostly contacted for the extension services needs of the dairy farmers. The dairy farmers had very good exposure to all kinds of mass media like television, radio, exhibition / cattle shows, newspaper, magazines, leaflets, bulletins and film shows. Low price for milk, non-availability of subsidized feed, fodder and other supplements and poor supply of inputs to dairy farmers were perceived as the most significant constraints in utilizing the different dairy service delivery systems.

The nature and magnitude of standard heterosis was studied in fifty four hybrids with a standard check, KRH-2 for yield and its components characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, productive tillers per plant, filled grains panicle-1, total number of grains panicle-1, spikelet fertility, test weight and grain yield plant-1. In the present study, the hybrids IR-68897A x JGL 11118 and IR-68888A x ADT 37 recorded significant negative standard heterosis for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity and also showed significant positive standard heterosis for number of filed grains per panicle, total number of grains and grain yield per plant over KRH-2. So these promising cross combinations could be further used in rice breeding programme for developing high yielding rice hybrids.

The increasing penetration of ICT’S in agriculture scenario makes an opportunity to disseminate the useful information more widely among the farming community. These ICT’s are helping to meet the information needs of farmer. The present study was conducted with 120 farmers who got registered under Annapurna Krishi Prasar Seva (AKPS) in two districts i.e., Nalgonda and Khammam Districts of Telangana state, India. The farmers were selected by random sampling method. The study used ex-post facto research design. The results indicated that advisories disseminated were early, highly relevant, ease of the readability level, audio quality, content adequacy and content usefulness.

The purpose of this experiment was to test the effectiveness of the Bispyribac sodium herbicide in the control of weeds in rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in Jelekong Village, Ciparay district, Bandung Regency, Indonesia in December 2016 up to March 2017. The experiment was carried out using an experimental method with Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications. To test the value of different treatment used advanced test Duncan on a confidence level of 95%. The treatments to be tested is Bispyribac sodium herbicide dosage 100 ml/ha; Bispyribac sodium herbicide dosage 150 ml/ha; Bispyribac sodium herbicide dosage 200 ml/ha; Bispyribac sodium herbicide dosage 250 ml/ha; Bispyribac sodium herbicide dosage 300 ml/ha; manual weeding; and no weeding. The results of the observation that the Herbicide Bispyribac sodium dose 100 ml / ha effectively control weeds in rice plants. Bispyribac sodium herbicide at all tested doses showed no symptoms of poisoning in rice plants. Bispyribac sodium herbicide at a dose of 100 ml / ha - 250 ml / ha can give a high yield of dry grain weight.

Shallot is one of the horticultural commodities which has a high economic value and potential in generating income for farmers. However, this commodity still has problems in supply chain including the low productivity, the non-optimal process of production up to marketing, and the occurrence of fluctuations in production and prices. The purpose of this research is to examine the physical structure and decision of shallot supply chain phenomenon in Majalengka Regency, West Java, and observe the model behavior to provide support in the development of shallot agribusiness cluster. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods with System Dynamics analysis. The results reveal that physical structure and decision of shallot supply chain shown in the behavior of model production that continues to increase although positioned under the growth of skilled farmers due to the non-optimal use of productive land, but it is supported by the large demand for shallot. However, shallot farmers in Majalengka still depend their market on wholesalers or collectors/traders due to the insistence of economic needs. Thus, to establish and strengthen the institutional such as cooperative is necessary to facilitate the more profitable interlacing market partnership.

The study was undertaken with the objective of determining the socio-personal characteristics of tapioca farmers and their relationship with yield gap. A sample of 120 respondents was selected from Attur block of Salem District. From the Attur block five villages were selected based on their maximum population. The total number of respondents to be selected from five villages was on the basis of proportionate random sampling techniques. Collection of data was done with the help of Pre-tested and semi-structured interview schedule. The study revealed that out of fourteen variables only eight variables was significant with their yield gap.

Study of automobile accidents

The present study entitled "A decision making pattern of agriculture women in farm management." was carried in two blocks of Kanpur district to access the a decision making process of agriculture women in farm management .Thus selected total number of 120 respondents in which 60 respondents for the study purpose were selected from each block of Kanpur district. Out of total 66.7 percent women respondents belong to 40 to 50 years of age group. 36.6 percent women respondents are Illiterate. 51.7 percent women respondents belonged to O.B.C. group of caste. 100 percent women respondents were getting married. 95.0 percent women respondents were belonged to Hindu religion. 51.7 percent women respondents belonged to nuclear family types. 50.8 percent women respondents were in the small family up to 5 members. 60.8 percent women respondents were living in their pakka house. 37.5 percent of women respondents were in agriculture. 50.0 percent women respondents were in the income group Rs.50000 to 75000. 50.8 percent of women respondents were holding to Marginal Size of land holding. The finding of study decision making in agriculture activities in maximum grain Storage, decision making for home management Decoration of house, purchasing household articles, selling and purchasing of ornaments, Selection a preparation of food etc is done by only women. Husband takes decision in Construction of new house, Children’s education, Children’s occupation etc. joint decision are Construction of new house etc. Decision making in animal husbandry maximum decision of husband Selection of animal breed, Selection of fodder and feed, Sale and purchase of animal etc. Decision making in agriculture related matters farm women is maximum percent of no participation. Decision making in feeding maximum decision are collective. Decision making in farm women in health care are joint decision.

Investigations on comparative biology of mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on different hosts were carried out under laboratory on cotton, tobacco, pumpkin, congress grass and Kanski (Kangi booti). The result revealed that congress grass gave the best result in term of shorter average duration of various life stages viz. incubation period (1.38 days), first instar (4.59 days), Second instar (4.79 days), third instar (5.10 days), total nymphal period (14.58 days), pupal period (3.56 days), fecundity (511.65 eggs/female) on congress grass as compared to cotton, tobacco, pumpkin and Kanski (kangi booti). Total life cycle of male and female was completed earlier when reared on congress grass. Therefore, the congress grass was found better host for faster multiplication with higher fecundity of P. solenopsis. On the basis of findings, it was concluded that mealy bug, (P. solenopsis) preferred the congress grass and gave higher fecundity and shorter life span over cotton, tobacco, kaski and pumpkin.