Aloe vera is one of the most important succulent plants known for its elemental and medicinal properties. It is grown large quantities in many parts of the country, including Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. To boost the Aloe vera production, experiment was conducted from 2019-20 to 2021-22 to assess the optimum spacing and different doses of organic manures on growth, yield, and diseases of Aloe vera. The planting at 60 X 60cm with 20 t FYM ha-1 yielded significantly highest no of suckers (12.37plant-1), number of leaves 16 plant-1 and leaf yield 214.86t ha-1

Foam mat drying is a process by which a liquid or semi-liquid is whipped to form a stable foam and subsequently dehydrated by thermal means. Foams are spread on a tray, which is then air dried at low temperatures. In this method of drying a liquid food concentrate along with a suitable foaming agent is whipped to form a stable foam and is subjected to dehydration in the form of a thin layer of foam at relatively low temperature. This technique is used for foods which are highly heat sensitive and very sticky to dry. Different foaming agents (egg albumin, soy protein, egg white, Lecithin) and foam stabilizers (carboxymethyl cellulose, pectin) used to do mixed in different concentration in the fruit and vegetable pastes to introduce stable foams. Hot air is used to dry foams in trays then mill them into free-flowing powders

Performance evaluation of KSNUAHS designed power tiller operated groundnut seed drill was conducted in farmers fields of Udupi district of coastal Karnataka in comparison with existing practices (manual sowing, bullock drawn seed drill and tractor drawn seed drill) for sowing of groundnut during the Rabi season of 2021 and 2022. The overall field performance of KSNUAHS designed power tiller operated groundnut seed drill was quite satisfactory. Sowing using KSNUAHS designed power tiller operated groundnut seed drill was done in four rows with row spacing of 30 cm and seed to seed distance obtained in a row was 15 cm. The seed rate was found to be 87.50 kg/ha with field capacity of 1.60 ha/day and field efficiency of 85%.

It is reported that, the field loss in Commercial Cane Sugar (CCS) some tonnes 1.0 unit/ day during late crushing period i.e., March onwards. It exceeds more than that, if it is billet harvesting rather than whole stalk green cane harvesting. Generally, cane quality deterioration depends cane quality, maturity status, size of billet, atmospheric condition, harvesting practices, pest and diseases, storage methods, cut to crush delay and moisture in cane. To evaluate canes to identify sugarcane clones tolerant to post harvest cane quality deterioration, a field experiment was conducted during 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23 at RARS, Anakapalle (ANGRAU) duly following all crop management practices with juice analysis of 24 hrs interval up to 76 hours after cane harvest. Among 15 sugarcane clones tested for their cane quality deterioration at 76 hours after harvest (76 hah), in terms of sucrose reduction was low (< 10%) in sugarcane clones 2007A 81 (3.45%) and 2015A 137 (4.76%), 2015A 93 (6.26%) and 2015A 59 (8.69%) in January cane harvest. Correspondingly 2015A 152 (4.32%) and 2015A 59 (4.84%) recorded less percent of cane weight loss in 76 hah over other clones tested. In February cane harvest sugarcane clones 2015A 51 (6.80%), 2015A 199 (8.72 %) and 2015A 183 (15.77%) recorded less percent sucrose reduction and less cane weight loss was recorded with 2015A 233 (3.17%) and 2007A 81 (3.73%) over 76 hah of stale cane. In March cane harvest, sugarcane clones 2015A 152 (3.22%) and 2015A 222 (3.72 %) recorded less percent sucrose reduction and sugarcane clones 2015A 51 (5.72 %) and 2015A 93 (6.38 %) recorded less percent cane weight loss over 76 hah over other clones tested. Further, the percent dextran content, which is an important factor for cane quality deterioration under stale cane was recorded less percent increase in sugarcane clones 2015A 93 (34.09%), 2015 A187 (18.07%) and 2015A 230 (18.02%) during January, February and March months harvesting respectively over other clones tested at 76 hah of stale cane. Cane quality deterioration in terms of percent sucrose loss, percent cane weight loss was high in March month cane harvest over January and February months cane harvests due to prevailing atmospheric conditions

Field experiment was conducted entitled “Application of NPK fertilizer briquettes in sugarcane ratoon” at the Central Sugarcane Research Station, Padegaon, Tal Phaltan, Satara, M.S. to study the effect of NPK briquette on sugarcane ratoon for cane yield, nutrient uptake and soil health during 2009-10 to 2011-12 for three years on medium deep black soil (Inceptisol) in randomized block design, with eight treatments and three replications. The applications were in two equal splits, 50 % at the time of ratooning and remaining 50 % at 135 days after ratooning. The results showed that application of 100 % recommended dose of NPK through briquette by crow bar recorded significantly highest cane yield, CCS yield, average cane weight and number of millable cane however, it was at par with application of 75 % recommended dose of NPK through briquettes by crow bar. The application of 100 % recommended dose of NPK through briquettes by crow bar recorded significantly higher total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake. The maximum nutrient use efficiency of N, P and K were recorded in application 100 % recommended dose of NPK through briquettes by crow bar and the per cent increase of nutrient use efficiency of briquette over non briquette form was maximum in application of 75 % recommended dose of NPK through briquettes by crow bar. The application of 100 % recommended dose of NPK through briquettes by crow bar recorded highest gross monetary returns and net monetary return with followed by application of 75 % recommended dose of NPK through briquettes by crow bar. While, the highest B:C ratio was recorded in 75 % recommended dose of NPK through briquettes by crow bar it means indicate that saving of 25 % recommended dose of NPK fertilizers. On the basis of three years sugarcane ratoon data the application of 75 % recommended dose of NPK through briquettes by crow bar in two equal splits i.e., 50 % at the time of ratooning and 50 % at 135 days after ratooning for sugarcane ratoon was found economic beneficial for higher cane and CCS yield with maintenance of soil fertility

It is reported that, the field loss in Commercial Cane Sugar (CCS) some tones 1.0 unit/ day during late crushing period i.e., March onwards. It exceeds more than that, if it is billet harvesting rather than whole stalk green cane harvesting. Generally, cane quality deterioration depends cane quality, maturity status, size of billet, atmospheric condition, harvesting practices, pest and diseases, storage methods, cut to crush delay and moisture in cane. To evaluate canes to identify sugarcane clones tolerant to post harvest cane quality deterioration, a field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at RARS, Anakapalle (ANGRAU) duly following all crop management practices with juice analysis of 24 hrs interval up to 76 hours after cane harvest. Among 15 sugarcane clones tested for their cane quality deterioration at 76 hours after harvest (76 hah), in terms of sucrose reaction was low (< 10%) in sugarcane clones 2011A 294 (0.77%) and 2011A 252 (4.43%) in January cane harvest. Correspondingly 2006A 102 (5.81 %) and 2011A 313 (5.66%) recorded less percent of cane weight loss in 76 hah. In February cane harvest sugarcane clones 2011A 262 (6.24) and 2009A 252 (3.28%) recorded less percent sucrose reaction and less cane weight loss was recorded with 2011A 262 (11.43%) and 2011A 175 (5.41%) over 76 hah. In March cane harvest, sugarcane clones 2006A 223 (5.39%), 2010A 229 (5.96 %), 2011A 319 (7.03 %) and 2011A 260 (9.61%) recorded less percent sucrose reduction and sugarcane clones 2011A 319 (7.58 %) and 87A 298 (4.42%), 2009A 252 (4.37%) recorded less cane weight loss over 76 hah over other clones tested. Cane quality deterioration in terms of percent sucrose less, percent cane weight loss was high in March month cane harvest over January & February cane harvests due to atmospheric conditions

Attempt was made on “Effect of integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on sugarcane productivity and soil health” at Central Sugarcane Research Station Padegaon, Phaltan, Satara, Maharashtra during 2014-15 to 2016-17 to develop nutrient management strategy for sustaining soil health and sugarcane production during Suru season. The treatment receiving RDF as per soil test along with 20 t ha-1 FYM recorded significantly the highest canes yield, CCS yield and number of milleable cane (157.06 t ha-1, 21.57 t ha-1 and 89.92 ‘000 ha-1, respectively). The quality parameters were found non-significant. The soil pH was slightly reduced in all the integrated nutrient management treatments and the soil EC was increased in all the treatments over the initial. Soil organic carbon content was increased in all the integrated nutrient management treatments over the initial status. The treatment receiving RDF as per soil test along with 20 t ha-1 FYM was recorded significantly the highest organic carbon (0.77 %), available nitrogen (283.41 kg ha-1) phosphorus (26.32 kg ha-1) and potassium (303.94 kg ha-1). The application of RDF as per soil test along with 20 t ha-1 FYM recorded significantly the highest gross monetary returns (Rs.3,53,390 ha-1), and followed by RDF as per soil test along with 10 t ha-1 FYM + biofertilizers (Rs.3,44,393 ha-1). The highest benefit-cost ratio was reported in treatment having only RDF as per soil test (2.59). The application of recommended dose of fertilizers as per soil test along with 20 t ha-1 FYM for sugarcane and its two successive ratoon were found beneficial in terms of yield and soil health

The current study was carried out in 2022-2023 using an Ex-Post-Facto research design, with the objectives of drone perception and field performance. The study was conducted in the Krishi Vigyan Kendra operational areas of Nandyal District, Andhra Pradesh. Different horticultural and agricultural crops that were sprayed with drone more than twice were assessed for their field performance. It came to light that chickpea, Paddy, Maize / Redgram had superior field efficiency, with respective values of 44.85%, 43.57%, and 40.80%. In horticultural crops like citrus and mango (12-year orchard) observed 39. 24% field efficiency. With a mean score of 4.76 in the technological perception category, 93.33 percent of farmers were of the opinion that drones will cover a wider area in a short period of time (5 min./ac.), Despite a 5.0 mean score. They also thought that using fewer chemicals and reducing waste would reduce wasteful spending, and this perspective was supported by a 4.15 mean score under the category of economic perception. But based on comments from 53.33 percent of farmers, it was derived that even at a cost of Rs. 500 per acre for drone spraying, will not lower labour costs for small and marginal farmers

AquaCrop, an essential simulation model developed by the FAO, plays a pivotal role in achieving sustainable management of agricultural water resources by precisely forecasting crop yield in conditions of water scarcity. This study focused on adapting AquaCrop for cucumber cultivation within a naturally ventilated polyhouse, using a gravity-based drip irrigation system in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. The calibration of the model was executed using data encompassing canopy cover, biomass, and cucumber yield from 2018 to 2020. The calibration phase showcased a strong coefficient of determination (R2NS) of 0.996 for canopy cover. Nonetheless, the model exhibited a tendency to overestimate both biomass and yield during the cultivation phase, displaying R2NS values of 0.85 and 0.915, respectively. The validation stage yield results that displayed a close alignment between actual and simulated values for both biomass and yield, demonstrating R2NS values of 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. Despite this close alignment, the model still leaned towards an overestimation, as indicated by negative CRM values of -0.226 and -0.210 for biomass and yield, respectively. Even though this overestimation aspect was present, the AquaCrop model stood as a dependable tool for projecting crop growth patterns and fine-tuning water management tactics. This research not only sheds light on the appropriateness of AquaCrop for cucumber cultivation within a specific agro-climatic setting but also contributes to the optimization of agricultural methodologies and water resource management within the region. The meticulously calibrated model parameters establish a valuable reference point for future simulations of cucumber crops in Udaipur. The universal applicability and robustness of AquaCrop elevate its significance as a potent instrument for elevating agricultural productivity and global water resource management

In order to study the response of nitrogen and dates of sowing on growth, yield and quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a field experiment was conducted at the Research plot, Department of Agronomy, AKS University, Satna, (MP) during Rabi season of 2022-2023. Twelve treatment combinations were drawn from four levels of nitrogen, i.e., Control (N0), 45 kg N/ha (N1), 60 kg N/ha (N2) and 75 kg N/ha (N3) and three dates of sowing, i.e., 3rd week of November (D1), 4th week of November (D2) and 1st week of December (D3). The treatment combinations were arranged in Factorial RCBD and replicated thrice. Results revealed that amongst the nitrogen levels, application of 75 kg N/ha produced maximum plant height at 90 DAS (80.48 cm), number of leaves/plant at 90 DAS (10.58), average fresh weight/plant (39.02), length of spike (8.37 cm), number of seeds/spike (39.60), test weight (42.73 g), seed yield (41.56 q ha-1), straw yield (50.32 q ha-1), harvest index (45.19 %), protein content (11.11 %). Different dates of sowing also responded significantly to the above-mentioned parameters. among different dates of sowing, maximum plant height at 90 DAS (72.24 cm), number of leaves/plant at 90 DAS (10.12), average fresh weight (35.42 g), length of spike (7.68 cm), number of seeds/spike (38.83), test weight (40.41 g), seed yield (35.27 q ha-1), straw yield (45.57 q ha-1), harvest index (43.36 %), protein content (9.78 %) was obtained with the sowing date of 3rd week of November

Pearl millet is one of the most important among cereal crop for human consumption and animal feeding. Regardless of this importance, its production is hampered by biotic and abiotic constraints. GXE interaction study was performed to identify the most stable hybrid parents and the desirable environment(s) for pearl millet research in India. Twenty-seven hybrid parents were evaluated for grain yield and yield-related traits at four locations (Alwar, Aurangabad, Jaipur and Jamnagar) using RCBD during 2019. Combined ANOVA showed that grain yield was significantly affected by environments, genotypes, and GE interactions. AMMI analysis revealed the contribution of environment, genotype, and GEI for 21.5%, 38.1%, and 23.1% of variation on grain yield. The first two principal components explained 87.33% of the total GEI variance. AMMI model selected MOPT-26 as 1?? best hybrid parent at one environment and as 2?? best hybrid parent at 2?? environment. The polygon view of the GGE biplot identified two mega-environments (ME1 and ME2) with winning genotypes: MOPT-26, MOPT-25 and MBL-2 respectively. The highest productive (2383.1 kg ha?1) environment, Alwar has been identified as the most; discriminating and representative testing environment whereas the lowest productive (716 kg ha?1) Jamnagar was the least discriminating and representative. MOPT-26 (2489 kg ha?1) was identified as the “ideal” and the most stable genotype followed by MOPT-25 (1946 kg ha?1) while the least stable was MBL-9. Therefore, genotypes MOPT-26 and MOPT-25 were recommended as best testers to identify new breeding lines in pearl millet growing areas of India

Field experiment was conducted at technology park of CTAE, Udaipur, Rajasthan to calibrate and validate AquaCrop model for chickpea crop during rabi season. The studied a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications to investigate the effects of different irrigation frequencies and mulching types on the crop. The irrigation frequencies included I1, a single irrigation at both the pre-sowing and flowering stages, and I2, a double irrigation at the pre-sowing, flowering, and pod-filling stages. The mulching types comprised M0, with no mulch (NM), M1 with black poly mulch (BPM), M2 with non-woven mulch (NWM), and M3 with biodegradable mulch. Part of the obtained field data i.e., data for full irrigation I1-single irrigation treatment under no-mulch – T1) was used for calibration of the model, while the remaining data of remaining treatments were used to validate the model. The observed and simulated canopy cover results show close match which was supported by high value of Nash Sutcliffe coefficient (R2NS) 0.908 with Coefficient of Residual Mass (CRM) having value as -0.100, which indicates that the model overestimates the canopy cover. R2NS values are found as 0.951 for biomass and 0.940 for yield which shows close match between observed and simulated biomass and yield, respectively. CRM was found as -0.160 and -0.210 for biomass and yield, respectively, which indicates that model overestimates the biomass and yield. AquaCrop model is considered a useful tool in predicting water productivity, biomass and yield under the prevailing condition and estimation of water requirement of crop was critically essential for crop planning on farm and, for designing and monitoring the irrigation project

Dryland farming regions pose numerous challenges to agricultural productivity due to water scarcity, erratic rainfall, and soil degradation. Hence, effective agricultural extension services play an important role in disseminating knowledge, empowering farmers, and promoting sustainable practices. Agricultural extension services act as intermediaries, bridging the gap between research institutions, technology developers, and farmers. This research article investigates the role of agricultural extension services in the dryland farming regions of Rajasthan, India, with the aim of understanding their impact on improving agricultural practices and enhancing farmers' livelihoods. It also aims to find out working of different types of extension services along with their strengths and weaknesses in Nagaur and Shekhawati regions of Rajasthan which comes under dry land farming. As the scope of agriculture extension is increasingly becoming wider, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the existing extension system, highlighting areas for improvement and innovation

A field experiment was carried out at the S.K.N. College of agriculture's agronomy farm in Jobner, Rajasthan on loamy sand soil in kharif 2014. The experiment included 16 treatment combinations with four levels of potassium and sulfate at each of the following levels: 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg ha-1 and 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1, respectively. The findings demonstrated that gradual increases in potassium levels up to 50 kg K2O ha-1 and sulfur levels of 40 kg S ha-1 considerably improved the soil fertility and sesame quality

Significantly higher grain and straw yield of rice (5159 & 6679 kg ha-1, respectively) were recorded in POP + 50 per cent RDN through vermicompost and it was followed in POP + 50 per cent RDN through poultry manure (5101 & 6562 kg ha-1, respectively) applied treatments. Similarly, higher yield parameters were observed in above mentioned treatments. Significantly higher groundnut pod yield was recorded in POP + 50 per cent RDN through poultry manure (1344 kg ha-1) followed by POP + 50 per cent RDN through vermicompost (1282kg ha-1), POP + 50 per cent RDN through goat manure (1237kg ha-1) and POP + 50 per cent RDN through gliricidia (1137 kg ha-1) than package of practice (765 kg ha-1). In paddy-groundnut cropping sequence after harvest of groundnut, maximum available nitrogen (329.09kg ha-1) was noticed in POP + 25 per cent RDN through vermicompost followed byPOP + 50 per cent RDN through eupatorium (323.92kg ha-1) and POP + 25 per cent RDN through eupatorium (322.72kg ha-1). Available P2O5 was more (70.38kg ha-1) with POP + 50 per cent RDN through poultry manure followed by POP + 25 per cent RDN through poultry manure (69.30kg ha-1) and POP + 50 per cent RDN through goat manure (68.64kg ha-1). Residual effect of recommended dose of nutrients + 50 per cent RDN through eupatorium resulted in higher available K2O (115.64kg ha-1) as compared to other treatments and it was followed by POP + 25 per cent RDN through eupatorium (110.64kg ha-1) and poultry manure i.e., T5 (104.50kg ha-1)

Traditionally, Indian women provided services to family members, notably the husband and children. As a result, women were not permitted to work outside the home. In most locations, they were not even permitted to pursue further education. Agriculture and allied activities are important in India, which has 70% of its population living in rural areas. It confronts numerous challenges in providing revenue to the rural population. Farmers do not earn enough revenue to support their family's needs most of the time, save during harvest, due to climate, rainfall failure, and other factors. The villagers work hard to run their families and provide for their children's needs. As a result, the ladies began to make revenue. Now, women make significant contributions to the growth of all areas of the country. Women gain economic standing through employment. Economic status elevates social prestige and, as a result, empowerment. Keeping this in mind, all governments strive to elevate the position of women in every manner they can. SHGs are considered as the main channel for generating income to the women in all areas particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. The development of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) demonstrates that women are breaking out of their shells, rejecting their second-class citizenship, and utilizing their abilities and talents for personal and societal good. Previously, SHGs were created by less educated women, but today, even educated women are forming SHGs due to the very clear benefits. In this context, while SHGs are increasing women's socioeconomic situation, each location requires distinct research due to its economic and cultural setting. As a result, the current study was conducted with 120 members of SHGs functioning in the districts of Sagar, Chhatarpur, and Tikamgarh. The current investigation yields several intriguing discoveries. The relationship between several independent variables and the dependent variable is statistically investigated and interpreted in order to draw helpful conclusions. One of the primary conclusions is the members' lack of understanding and competence to carry out the activities on their own. Many practical proposals have been made in the report to ensure the success of this vast rural program

The present investigation was conducted to examine the 17 rice genotypes including one checks to study the genetic parameters, correlation and genetic diversity. The experiment was carried out in Research Farm Genetics & Plant Breeding of AKS University, Satna, M.P., during kharif season, 2021-22 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among 17 rice genotypes for 12 characters studied. The results showed that some traits have moderate to high levels of variability, while others have low levels of variability. ECV had the fastest rate of days to 50% flowering, while PCV had the tallest plants and the highest values in most of the traits that impact the grain yield. The heritability of most of the traits was high, with a minimum of 68.1% and a maximum of 96.8%, indicating that a significant portion of the variation in these traits can be attributed to genetics. The results can be used to prioritize traits in breeding programs and make informed decisions about which traits to focus on for improvement. The study found significant and weak correlations between grain yield per plant and various traits in rice. The study also found that harvest index, biological yield per plant, and days to 50% flowering have the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. The characters that were studied were found to be appropriate for the study due to low residual effects. The study results can be useful for rice breeders in selecting specific traits that positively impact grain yield. The indirect effects of germination percentage showed that total seedling length and root dry weight have a positive effect on grain yield through these traits

30 village of Nagra block of Ballia district composite surface soil samples were collected for the study of physico-chemical and chemical properties of soil for nutrients index by used of standard procedure. Soil pH was slightly alkaline, E.C. in medium range and favourable, bulk density ranged from 1.27-1.54 Mgm-3, water holding capacity 40.60-46.93%, organic carbon from 0.33-0.98 % respectively. Soils of targeted villages were moderately calcareous (1.05-1.62% CaCO3), available N, P, K and S content in soil varied from 244.60-370.04 kgha-1, 9.01-15.23 kgha-1, 193.31-323.90 kgha-1 and 7.0-19.0 mgkg-1 range, respectively. The nutrient index value of available nitrogen 1.96, available phosphorus 1.1 and available potassium 2.3, respectively

Cluster Front Line demonstrations (CFLDs) is a unique approach where, the scientists are directly involved in planning, execution, and monitoring the demonstrations, so there is a direct connection between researchers and farmers. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of frontline demonstrations of sunflower crop in the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh state. Sunflower is a highly nutritious oil seed crop and is widely appreciated as health food as well as high return crop. The production potential of demonstration and economic benefit can judge by conducting the cluster Front line demonstrations (CFLDs) at farmers fields. Study revealed that improved cultivation practices comprised under CFLDs viz., recommended hybrids, seed rate, timely sowing and plant protection technology resulted in increase in yield in gram crop over the check plots. The improved technologies gave higher yields and recorded a yield of 1452 and 1380 kg ha-1 sunflower yield during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively which was 38.28 and 45.26 percent higher compared to prevailing farmers practice. Average seed yield under improved practice (IP) (1416 kg ha-1) was 41.60% higher over farmer’s practice (FP). The technology gap and extension gap were in the range of 48 to 120 kg ha-1 and 402 to 430 kg ha-1 respectively. Technology index value varied from 3.2 % to 8.0% during the study period. The benefit cost (B: C) ratio was 2.23 to 2.84under demonstration, while it was 1.62 to 1.51 under control plots. The average B: C ratio under IP (2.53) was 40.5% higher over FP

The present study was conducted in Satna district, Madhya Pradesh to investigate knowledge level of value addition of major regional crops by the farmers. There are eight blocks in Satna district but Sohawal, Nagod, Amarpatan, Majhgawan block purposive because having maximum number of farmers which are involved in value addition in regional crops. Five villages were selected by using simple random sampling. 30 farmers from each selected block will be selected using random sampling. Thus, total 120 respondents will be selected for the investigation. The data were collected by using personal interview method. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted with the help of appropriated statistical tools. The result of this study revealed that maximum farmers had favourable attitude about the value addition process. It was observed that out of total farmers, (54.66) had medium knowledge about value addition of regional crops, (23.33) per cent had low knowledge and only (25.50) per cent farmers had high knowledge about value addition of regional crops. The knowledge and adoption level of value addition on major regional crops by the farmers was found positive and significant relationship between independent variable with some constraints reported by the farmers likewise Lack of marketing facility in villages, Non-availability of skill-full labors followed by Inadequate storage facility

The present study was conducted in Khategaon block of Dewas district in Madhya Pradesh. The sample consisted of 120 organic farmers selected from five different villages used by purposive sampling method. Data collection was performed using a meticulously designed and pre-tested interview schedule, developed in accordance with the study's objectives. The result of this study revealed that maximum farmers had strongly favorable attitude about the practice of organic farming. It can be stated that the majority of farmers (56.66 percent) had an Adoption level of organic farming practices. Correlation coefficient between independent variables with adoption of organic farming reveals that at the 0.05 level of probability, adoption of organic farming had a positive and significant relationship with age, annual income, farming experience, irrigation sources, risk orientation, extension participation, mass media exposure and attitude of farmers toward organic farming, whereas educational status and size of land holding was found to have non-significant relationship

A field experiment was conducted at Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Vallabhipur, Gujarat during Rabi seasons of 2016-17 to 2021-22 to ascertain the nutrient management in gram under conserve soil moisture conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block Design with four replication and six different treatments viz., T?-Control, T?-20 kg N/ha, T?-20 kg N/ha+40 kg P?O?/ha, T?-20 kg N/ha+40 kg P?O?/ha+20 kg K?O/ha, T?-20 kg N/ha+40 kg P?O?/ha+20kg S/ha and T?-20 kg N/ha+40 kg P?O?/ha+20 kg K?O/ha+20kg S/ha. The results revealed that the growth, yield attributes and seed yield of gram were significantly influenced by the varioustreatments. The application of treatment T? (20 kg N/ha+40 kg P?O?/ha+20 kg K?O/ha+20kg S/ha)significantly increased the seed yield, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seed/pod and maximum net returns over the four seasons studied. The pH, Electrical Conductivity, organic carbon and available potash content of soil remained unaffected after application of different treatments. Significantly higher values of available status of phosphorus and sulphur in soil were recorded with treatment T? 20 kg N/ha+40 kg P?O?/ha+20 kg K?O/ha+20kg S/ha

Avocado (Persia americana) is one the most nutritious fruits native of tropical America. In India it was brought during first decade of nineteenth century. A few seedlings of their choice varieties were also occasionally brought from different countries by Missionaries and planted in several parts of humid tropical region of south India and hill stations like Kallar, Palni, Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Coorg etc. As of results lot of variability of avocado is available in these regions. In order to identify elite lines of avocado, several accessions were collected, planted and evaluated at ICAR-IIHR-CHES, Chettalli, Karnataka, India. The growth characteristic of 38 accessions of avocado revealed that the height of the plant ranged from 2.65 to 6.46 m. It was the highest in PA-VII-1 (6.46 m). The plant girth range from 32 to 81 cm it was the highest PA-XVI-1 (81cm) and the lowest in PA-II-2 (32 cm). The accessionsPA-II-3, PA-III-1, PA-IV-1, PA-VII-1, PA-XIII-1, PA-PH-1 were found vigorous growth with plant height of more than 6 meter. The canopy spread was higher (>15.0 m² ) in PA-XII-1 (15.79 m²), PA-XVI-1 (17.78 m²), and PA-PH-1( 17.67). The higher plant volume was recorded in PA-PH-1 ( 91.62 m³ ), PA-XVI-1 (79.50 m³ ) PA-X-3 (53.18 m³) and , PA-XIII-1 (63.04m³) and PA-XVI-4 (57.51).The number of fruits per plant were the highest in PA-XIII-1 (353.3 fruits) and the lowest in PA-VIII-2 (7 fruits). The fruit yield was highest in PA-XIII-1 (149.8kg/plant) followed by PA-III-1 (115.36 kg). The fruit weight ranged from 122g to 871g. The fruit colour of all the accessions was light green at maturity. The pulp colour was light creamish yellow in all the accessions. The fruit shape varied from round to pear shape as the fruit shape index ranged from 0.985 to 1.541. The pulp content was the highest (81.46%) in PA-VII-1. The seed content ranged from 10.25 to 29.34 percent. The total soluble solids ranged from 3.6° Brix (PA-VIII-2) to 12.8°Brix (PA-Nursery-1). The ascorbic acid content ranges from 1 mg (PA-III-4) to 10.6mg/100g (PA-XI-2). Over all the accessions, the accessions PA-III-1, PA-XIII-1, PA-II-1, PA-X-3 were found better with respect to fruit yield and fruit size