Farmer producer organisations are becoming a ray of hope among the small and marginal farmers who constitute more than 80% of the farming community. These FPO’s bring these marginalized farmers into cohesive groups, consequentially they were benefitted with better production and higher returns. By realizing these facts, the government is encouraging and promoting FPO’s for the desired impact. Despite of prime role played by FPO’s, there is a need to further tap its potential and strengthen these organizations and replication in other areas. In this context, the study was conducted to know the contemporary functioning of FPO’s, knowledge and attitude of members of FPO towards these organizations besides their profile characteristics, constraints and so on. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents i.e., 40.33% oriented a highly favorable attitude. Further 48.33 % of respondents reflected a medium level of knowledge about the functioning of FPO’s. Further among mode of the functioning, majority of the members within the BPL category regularly conducted the meetings and more than 90% of attendance of the meeting was accrued, besides case study of successful FPOs were documented. Further majority of them are confronting constraints like lack of credit facility, delay in procuring required inputs etc. In trail of these problems, they suggested having more credit opportunities in FPO’s and additional government support were duly required. By considering these facts, FPOs have ample scope and potential to strengthen them by nullifying the loopholes and benefit the members to its fullest

Current study is based on advancement in nursery management of horticultural crops. The leading of great nursery management is to arrange planting material for the best possible quality for new improvement field. Poor planting materials usually lead to low quality yield and dispensable thinning cost top rid off runts in planted field. Nursery management combines the principle of nursery, enhanced management counting different movement like potted the seedling, manuring, irrigation, plant protection measures, weed control, packing of nursery plants, sale management and authority of mother plants, staff practicing unusually is need of pesticides, plant protection and general safety issues regarding to nursery management, important tools for high-tech nursery management including nursery calendars, plant development registers, nursery inventories and records of nursery experiments.1Fruits and vegetables are urgent in human diet due to their nutritional its own rewarded .It is well recognized now that the area under fruits and vegetables should be they developed . However, the big problem in this regard is non-availability of true to type and healthy nursery plants. Nursery men are still using classical methods to raise the nursery plants. The condition and manufacturing of fruits and vegetables build upon the nursery plants those are transplanted to build orchards. Accordingly, it is understanding that the nursery should be traditional by accepting advanced technology that can provide healthy and strong, disease-free and true to type plants to the growers. The leading of this division is to provide guidance to nursery men and growers to raise nursery plants by accepting modern techniques. This branch provides knowledge regarding modern nursery structures, mother stocks, characteristics of mother stocks, rootstocks and characteristics of ideal rootstocks, selection of media, types and sterilization of media. The most essential part of this phase is sexual propagation, types of vegetative propagation, integrated nutrient management, types of organic and inorganic fertilizers for naturalizing nursery plants. Fostering of vegetable nursery types of vegetable nursery, plug culture

Present investigation was conducted to standardize a protocol for in-vitro propagation of citrus spp. i.e. sweet orange for commercial purpose. The shoot tip explant was found better for callus induction of these plants than the nodal segment and epicotyls. Maximum callus formation (40.0% and 23.3% 22.2%) of shoot tip explants was obtained respectively in treatment MS basal media + 0.8mg/l Kinetin, 1.5mg/l NAA, and 2.5 mg/l 2, 4-D. Furthermore, the maximum number of shoots per explant was obtained through the callus in MS basal media + BA 1mg/l. Maximum rooting of shoots (1.11%) was noted sweet orange for the ½ MS media supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 NAA plus 0.1 mg L-1 BA. Although the callus development and bud proliferation were recorded in all explants however, shoot and root formation did not occur. The potting media composing of soil, sand and FYM in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume was better with maximum survival rate of hardened plants six weeks after transferring to the pots under greenhouse. In this way we can use this standardized protocol for regeneration of different rootstock for purity and uniformity purpose in seedling

Wood-apple (Feronia limonia Swingle), a important dryland fruit crop with a lot of medicinal properties belongs to family Rutaceae. Fruits are being rich in minerals, vitamins and dietary fibre, so these are an essential ingredient of a healthy diet. It has high astringent properties and has beneficial role in cardio vascular system. Hence, efforts has been taken to study the recipes and storage for wood apple fruit bar, also find out best recipe and storage condition, so that the fruit bar would be readily available to the consumer throughout the year. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Eight treatment which were replicated thrice, for standardization of recipes for preparation of wood apple fruit bar at refrigerated condition for 150 days storage. In the present investigation, it was observed that, there was gradual increase in the TSS, TSS/acidity ratio, reducing sugars, total sugars and non-reducing sugars content with storage period of wood apple fruit bar prepared with different recipes. However, acidity and ascorbic acid content were decreased continuously with the progressive of storage period of different recipes at refrigerated storage conditions

The present investigation was carried out on sixteen years old wood apple orchard during the year 2018-2019 at AICRP on Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The flowering and duration of flowering of available germplasm varied from first week of February to first week of March and four weeks to eight weeks from date of flowering respectively. The various other morphological characters varied in the following manner. The correlations among the yield contributing characters weight of pulp, pulp: shell ratio, fruit length and fruit diameter was highly significant. The genotypes DWA-27, DWA-52, DWA-76 and DWA-26 were found promising for future improvement programme. Hence, these genotypes may be given consideration while formulating selection indices for the improvement of yield and sensory qualities in Wood apple

In this study, a numerical model was used to derive rating curves for irrigation channels and the Saint Venant and sediment continuity equations were solved by using MacCormack scheme based on finite difference method to analyse the overland flow and sediment transport. Richard’s equation was used to analyse the subsurface flow, which was solved by using mass-conservative fully implicit finite-difference method

Increasing productivity of crop and water is one of the crucial requirements of farming. The aim of this study was to estimate wheat yield response to micro-irrigation under different planting methods and work out the water productivity under on farm conditions in Haryana, India. Three establishment methods consisting of conventional wheat sowing, zero tillage sowing and sowing with the happy seeder were field evaluated under three irrigation methods, conventional flood irrigation, drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation against farmers’ practice. On-farm experimental evaluation of these combinations were conducted at Gumthala Garhu village, Pehowa of Kurukshetra district, Haryana, India from 2018-19 to 2020-21 during rabi season (October-January). The study revealed that both establishment and irrigation methods did not significantly influence grain yield of wheat crop. However, conventional broadcasting and drip irrigation method had higher grain yield. Similarly, PWP and EWP for IWU and TCWU were comparatively higher in the conventional broadcasting plus drip irrigation treatment combination. In the study, drip and sprinkler irrigation methods used 2.43 and 2.01 times lower water to produce one kg grain of wheat than flood irrigation method. The WUE of conventional broadcasting plus drip irrigation method was significantly higher than the WUE in any other methods or combinations. Eventually, our findings indicate that drip irrigation can be adopted in the region to increase water productivity, water use efficiency, optimize grain yield, and minimize water loss

In Chittoor district sugarcane is grown under borewells and tanks. Farmers go for planting of sugarcane from November to end of April or even up to end of May in western parts of the district. Poor cane yields were recorded in plant and ratoon crop due to variability in weather situation in and between the seasons and irregular time of planting and ratooning. Hence a field experiment was conducted to revalidate the dates of planting of sugarcane during the year 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in a split plot design with three replications. Main plot viz., Two varieties of sugarcane 2006T3( early) and 2005T50 (midlate) with nine dates of planting viz., November 30th, December 15th December 30th January 15th January 30th February 15th February28th March 15th and March 30th as sub plots. Ratooning was taken up after harvesting of each treatment. Based on two years data on two plant crops and one ratoon crop. The experimental results revealed that optimum time of planting is January for midlate varieties (February-March for ratooning) and for early varieties, February (December-January for ratooning) is to be recommended for optimum plant and ratoon cane yields in Chittoor district of southern agro-climatic zone of Andhra Pradesh

Eastern and north-eastern Shivalik region occurs in states of West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh in India and is least studied among Shivalik regions of the world. There is no specific study no its area and distribution in the region. An attempt has been made to delineate the Shivalik region in eastern and north-eastern region of the country using geological and physiographical maps, soil maps and remote sensing data using GIS tools. Total area of Shivalik region (1.50mha) comprises of 0.75mha under hills and 0.75mha under piedmont plains or foot hills. The region demarcated in the states of West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh is found at elevation ranging from 51 to 1928 m above MSL. The first estimate on the Shivaliks in this part of the country will prove very useful in prioritizing resource conservation and policy intervention by the central and state governments as Shivalik is one of the most vulnerable zones of India

Regenerative agriculture has the potential to have a powerful beneficial impact on a number of these global concerns. Regenerative agriculture, on the other hand, has the potential to strengthen supply chains, restore biodiversity, equitably distribute land value and access, and enable farmers, businesses, and communities to prosper. In this review article we focus on how Regenerative agriculture works as fixing degraded land by zero tillage, less chemical application and strengthen agriculture by the means of nature based resources

The yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) can be alleviated by developing promising genotypes for efficient symbiosis. A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur with the aim of screening of soybean germplasm for effective symbiotic association with indigenous Rhizobium sp. in order to identify potential genotypes for subsequent breeding work focusing on promiscuous effective nodulation. Eighteen soybean varieties grown in the Research field of College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya were evaluated during kharif 2019-20 on the basis of measured traits like biomass accumulation; nodulation, leghaemoglobin content and symbiotic performance of soybean genotypes. The replicated soybean varieties were collected randomly at 50 % flowering stage and taken to the laboratory for the isolation of Rhizobium from nodules. The eighteen different soybean rhizobia isolate from 18 soybean varieties were taken as treatments. Colony growth in YEMA media of indigenous soybean rhizobia isolates and microbial activities in Soybean rhizosphere soils, it is seen that SRh-1(isolated from Var. NRCSL 1), SRh-03 (RSC 11-03), SRh-18 (RKS 18), SRh-137 (NRC 137) and SRh-136 (NRC 136) were promising indigenous Rhizobium isolates. The maximum nodule dry weight was recorded from the soybean cultivar NRCSL 1 (230mg plant-1) followed by RSC 11-03 (221mgplant-1). Similarly maximum shoot dry weight also observed in soybean cultivar NRCSL 1 (16.79g/plant) followed by RSC 11-03 (16.35g/plant). leghaemoglobin content was being significantly highest in the variety NRCSL 1 (1.77mg/g fresh weight of nodules). This study proposed that five soybean genotypes NRCSL1, RSC 11-03, RKS 18, NRC 137, NRC 136 as potential genotypes over other varieties for effective symbiosis with indigenous rhizobia

The main aim of the study was to see the effect of different concentration of raw spent wash on seed germination of selected crops and also its effect on soil micro-flora. The crops chick pea & lentil were selected for pot study to check their germination with different concentration of raw spent wash. Four treatments were taken 20% (Spent wash and water), 50% (Spent wash and water) and 100% (Pure Spent wash) along with control (100% water). Pots were irrigated with selected treatments at regular intervals to maintain moisture. Data revealed that increased concentrations of raw spent wash i.e., 50% and 100% completely inhibited the growth of both the crops, no germination was seen. At 20% concentration 13% germination was observed in case of lentil and 26% in chick pea as compared to control where 100% germination was observed in both the crops. Total viable count (cfu/ml) decreased with increased concentration of raw spent wash. It was also observed visually that white threads like structure were grown in 50% & 100% concentration on both set of soil samples. Effect of soil microflora was also seen continuously for 7days. The results indicated that raw and treated spent wash decreased the population of bacteria and fungi. Initial days Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigates, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus terreus, fusarium oxysporium, trichoderma these were the common fungus seen in case of all the treatments and in both raw sets. But in latter in 50% & 100% concentration of Spent wash both sets only few species were predominant Aspergillus spp., Penicillium fusarium oxysporium and Mucor their hyphae covered the whole pot and inhibited the seed germination. The increased availability of soft carbon (reducing sugar and protein) and mineral in spent wash possibly favored the microbial growth initially, but later the bacterial count decreased only few dominated fungal colony were seen as network of Hypae also the seed placed for germination in pot was badly rotten in 50% &100% concentration of both sets