Basal stem rot or Ganoderma wilt caused by Ganoderma spp. is the most destructive and lethal disease in coconut. Refinement of management practices is imperative for effective management of Ganoderma disease in endemic areas. Thus, in the present investigation five new fungicides and biocontrol agents were tested against G. lucidum under in vitro condition in order to select effective ones to test against basal stem rot disease under field condition. Subsequently, effective fungicide such as Hexaconazole 5EC and bioagent, Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated under field condition for three years from 2014 to 2017. Results revealed that root feeding with 1%Hexaconazole 5EC+ soil application of T. harzianum enriched neem cake @ 5kg/palm at four months interval and soil application of T. harzianum enriched neem cake @ 5kg/palm at three months interval were effective in reducing the disease index from 32.2 to 17.1 and 36 to 20% respectively during first year and recorded complete recovery of the infected palms during third year

Chickpea is one of the most important pulse crops of Gujarat state. In Gujarat, Saurashtra region is one of the most remarkable regions for chickpea cultivation and production. Junagadh district of Saurashtra region is very good producer district. Due to consider the importance of adoption as a major aspect behind the yield of chickpea production, the present research work was conducted to study the level of adoption of chickpea growers about recommended chickpea production technology through ex-post facto research design. Four talukas; Maliya, Keshod, Mendarda and Junagadh of Junagadh district were purposively selected for the research. Total three villages were randomly selected from each selected taluka and 10 farmers were randomly selected from each village. Thus, total sample size was 120 farmers. Statistical tools used for the study were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The study revealed that majority (64.17 percent) of the chickpea growers had medium level of adoption, followed by 21.67 percent and 14.16 percent had low and high level of adoption about recommended chickpea production technology, respectively. In case of practice wise adoption, the level of adoption was found higher in practices like preparation of land, spacing, time of sowing, weeding and inter culturing, seed rate, and harvesting.

On the basis of past 115 years (1901-2015) rainfall data of five districts of south Gujarat, the Mann-Kendall trend, Sen’s slope and regression slope showed that pre monsoon rainfall at Valsad and Bharuch shows the increasing trend while, that of Dang, Surat and Navsari districts are in declining. The Mann-Kendall trend, Sen’s slope and regression slope revealed that winter season rainfall at Bharuch divulges the increasing trend while, that of Dang, Valsad, Surat and Navsari districts are in declining. Kendall’s tau values are conceding negative trend for pre global warming was observed that pre monsoon at Dang, Valsad and Navsari and positive trend was found that Bharuch and Surat districts and present global warming only Navsari district shows decline trend and remain districts are in increasing trend.

Minerals are inorganic dietary constituents required for various metabolic processes in the buffaloes similar to other animals and man. Availability of minerals to buffaloes in appropriate quantities is a major factor determining the health and productivity. A baseline survey was conducted in randomly selected one district each (Muzaffarpur, Araria, Jehanabad, and Bhagalpur) from the four agro-climatic zones of Bihar. The aim of the investigation was to assess the status of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe) and Cobalt (Co) in soil, plant/fodder and water buffaloes. Soil (n=379), fodder (n=372) and plasma of buffaloes (n=160) were collected. Micro-minerals were estimated by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) using standard protocol. The average Cu, Zn, Fe and Co contents of soil in four representative districts (Muzaffarpur, Araria, Jehanabad, and Bhagalpur) of four agro-climatic zones of Bihar were found to be 1.21±0.05, 1.28±0.04, 56.04 ±1.27 and 0.40±0.01 µg/gm, respectively. The percent of soil deficient in Cu, Zn, Fe, and Co were 23.21%, 38.28%, 3.52%, and 27.20%, respectively. Similarly, the average Cu, Zn, Fe and Co contents of fodder were 12.07±0.25, 29.07±0.37, 145.34±8.98 and 0.28±0.01 µg/gm with deficiency of 30.37%, 43.54%, 0.80%, and 21.77%, respectively. The overall prevalence of Cu, Zn, Fe and Co deficiency in plasma samples of buffalo was 41.54%, 33.49%, 7.57% and 48.13% in the four districts of three agro-climatic zones of Bihar.

Genetic diversity was assessed through Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics in 58 genetically diverse chickpea genotypes. The study revealed that 58 genotypes were grouped into six distinct clusters. Cluster I was largest consisting of 39 genotypes followed by, cluster II with 8, cluster IV with 4, and cluster V with 5, while remaining clusters III and VI were solitary. Number of seeds per plant contributed maximum (32.43 %) to the divergence of genotypes. This was followed by days to maturity (18.51%), yield per plant (13.25%) and harvest index (12.70%). Based on inter cluster distance, Cluster VI was superior for early maturity habit, number of secondary branches, number of tertiary branches, lowest internodal length and seeds per plant, cluster III for seed yield per plant and harvest index, while cluster IV for seed yield per plant, number of seeds per plant and lower branch angle. Whereas, cluster II for plant height, higher height at first podding, highest number of internodes per plant and lowest branch angle. The genotypes from these clusters may therefore be selected as parents in crossing programmes to incorporate the characters related to mechanical harvesting and yield components.

There is a huge demand of meat and egg due to non-vegetarian dietary habits. But low egg production and lesser weight gain is major problem in local poultry. Moreover, there is unavailability of good quality dual purpose poultry breed. So, there was a need of introduction of a good quality dual purpose breed. Kuroiler is dual purpose multi-colored poultry with highly suitable for hilly areas like Mon district of Nagaland. The disease resistance capacity is also advantage of this breed besides, the meat and egg of Kuroiler birds in taste and appearance wise similar to desi birds and more preferred than those of commercial broiler/layer birds.

The study was conducted in Ratnagiri district. In all, 112 PRI woman members were selected from four Panchayat Samities, five Gram panchayats from each selected Panchayat Samiti and Ratnagiri Zilla Parishad on the basis of maximum number of woman members. The personal and socio-economic characteristics namely age, education, land holding, annual income, major occupation, official position, tenure of work, cosmopoliteness, extension contact, organizational participation, interest in public work and political awareness of the respondents were considered as the independent variables. They were interviewed with the help of a specially designed interview schedule. An interview schedule was prepared in Marathi to collect the information in line with the objective of the study. Collected data were processed and tabulated by using simple frequency, and the parameters like percentage, mean and standard deviation, as well as, the correlation and regression coefficient were used. It was observed that majority of the respondents were from ‘middle’ age group with educational level of 10th standard, had ‘marginal’ land holding, ‘medium’ annual income, ‘farming’ as their major family occupation. Majority were ‘member’ of PRI with ‘medium’ tenure of work, cosmopoliteness, extension contact and organizational participation. Majority of the respondents had ‘high’ interest in public work and ‘medium’ political awareness.

Present study was conducted in Basmat taluka of Hingoli district. Ten villages having highest area under food grain crops were selected for the study. From each village, 12 respondents were selected randomly, who stored food grains to their home and godowns. Thus, a sample of 120 respondents was drown for the study. The data was collected through personal interview method with the help of structured schedule. The data was statistically analysed with the help of frequency and percentage. Through this study it was revealed that majority of the respondents (72.50 percent) had medium knowledge level. Whereas, about 16.16 percent of the respondents had high level of knowledge followed by 10.84 percent of the respondents who had low knowledge level about recommended grain storage practices. Also, most of respondents (60.84 percent) had medium level of adoption about recommended grain storage practices, while 22.50 percent and 16.66 percent had low and high level of adoption about recommended grain storage practices respectively.

In the development and implementation of sustainable agricultural techniques, biofertilizers play an important role to alleviate deterioration of natural and environmental pollution. The present investigation “Influence of liquid and carrier based biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replications comprising of 9 treatment combinations at Horticultural Research Station, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh during rabi 2018. The first factor comprise of 3 levels i.e., 100 %, 80 % and 60 % recommended dose of fertilizers whereas, the second factor consists of 3 levels i.e., nitrogen fixing bacteria along with phosphorous solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria (carrier based biofertilizers), nitrogen fixing bacteria along with phosphorous solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria (liquid biofertilizers) and without biofertilizers. The results indicated that application of 80 % recommended dose of fertilizers along with liquid biofertilizers recorded significant higher plant height (58.00 cm, 83.13 cm, 92.50 cm and 102.93 cm), number of primary branches (15.33, 25.13, 28.27 and 30.21), leaf chlorophyll content (52.02, 54.53, 58.23 and 64.33), leaf area (20.33 cm2, 39.70 cm2, 61.03 cm2 and 85.90 cm2) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days respectively, fruit yield/plant ( 7.27 kg/plant) and yield/ha (121.16 t/ha ).

In agro-economies predominated by small scale farming, many produces have descended to commodity status due to prolonged absence of new technology (product and process). Small scale farming offers challenges to rise above commoditization hence presents opportunities to assess adoption behavior, consequently a scope for adopter categorization and market segmentation in transfer of new technology. Much uniformity was observed in farmers’ profiles which did not offer much scope for adopter categorization, whereas, market segmentation according to adopters’ priority was possible and strategies were suggested. Production, market, profit and reliability on resource persons came out as the major contributing factors in adoption decision. The strategies suggested were, to continue intense campaigning for the crop in those areas where crop performance was better and in areas with poor performance of the crop, breeding programmes should had been initiated with the expertise of scientists.

Lockdown of India was chosen to take preventive measure against the pandemic COVID-19 during 2020. It affected streetdogs (free-range) as they need food as feed or waste to survive. The present study has been taken up in 150 street dogs to explore their condition and problems caused by them hampering quality human life in market areas of Howrah District of West Bengal, India by analyzing housing, feeding, health and population. Most of the street dogs in market areas found in areas of market and others preferred to gather their or make their own night shelter beside roads. For first few days most of dogs became silent and starved for some periods. After 15 days most of the animals found feed from animal lovers which was increased after 30 days in most market places but almost all of them were found to pick feed from waste. Some dogs were found vaccinated and dewormed previously which could not be increased in this period. Other health issues like venereal granuloma, hip dysplasia, rickets, demodicosis etc. were found in 43 percent of the animals before lockdown out of which 10.6% animals were remained with their symptoms as the rest were treated accordingly. Life threatening health issues like gastroenteritis, metritis etc. were found and treated accordingly. Few dogs found outside their territory which may be the cause of free-ranging and found outside their territory along with food scavenging. Only 33 percent of the total mortality was natural juvenile mortality and rest mortality were influenced directly by accident and poisoning. The 10.6 percent dogs were missing are all juvenile or within one year of age. The death and disappearance of free-ranging dogs were due to normal human influenced factors. This study explored total 20 incidents of attack to pedestrians out of which 6 incidents were of dog bite due to inappropriate behavior toward the dog or to misinterpret dog behavior. The other issues influencing quality human life like unnecessary barking at night, dog urine, feces and life-threatening transmissible diseases were uncomplaining and in normal negotiable range for the human society. Free ranging dogs or street dogs are indispensible part of human habitations in developing country like India. Improved food waste management, provision of dog shelter with feed, ABC Programme, and vaccination can reduce both the high rate of mortality in dogs and zoonosis to human civilization.

The present paper attempts to examine the socio-economic and communication status of the respondents in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh in the year of 2019-20. The study was conducted in 12 villages located at Rewa and Naigarhi block of Rewa district. Data for the study was collected from a sample of 120 respondents. The findings of the study revealed that 45.84 percent belong to middle age of respondents, cent percent respondents had male in the study area, (40%) attained graduate, followed by High school (20.83%) of respondents, 80 percent were belong to nuclear family, 20 percent belong to joint family, majority of respondents had small landholding (45.83 percent) followed by marginal landholding (40 percent),majority of family had Rs. 30,000-50,000/- per month (58.33 percent) followed by family had Rs. 20,000-30,000/- per month (20.84 percent), more than Rs. 50000/- per month (16.67 %) and only 4.16 percent family had less than Rs. 20,000/-per month, majority of family had one membership in organization (90 percent), respondent had pakka house (66.67 %) and (33.33 %) had kachcha house, respondents had medium (66.67 %) farm power materials, respondent had medium (62.50 %) material possession followed by high (19.16 %) and (18.34%) had low material possession, majority of respondent had medium (71.67%) Information management Behavior, majority of respondent had medium (81.67 percent) Decision making abilities, (77.50%) had medium level of aspiration followed by 12.50 percent low and 10.00 percent had high level of aspiration, 76.66 percent respondent had medium achievement motivation this leads to understanding that they had motivated about their work and use of technology in future and 74.17 percent respondent had medium communication behavior of the respondents.

The study revealed that the use of ICT interventions that include WhatsApp group, Facebook page, Website of the KVK, You tube channel, Personal phone calls, Radio talk, Tv talk, Text message, This research not only explores the exiting status of ICT interventions to deliver the advisory services during Corona period but also suggested the ways of digital world of the twenty first century specially the agriculture sector.

Comparative efficacy of pre- and post-emergence herbicides in direct sown rice and their residual effect on succeeding greengram crop was studied at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif and rabi of 2015-16 and 2016-17. Among the herbicides tested only bispyribac-sodium had a slight phtotoxic effect on direct sown rice. Phytotoxicity of bispyribac-sodium was characterized slightly stunted plant growth and leaves fail to expand fully and became yellowish as observed at 14 days after application. However, those symptoms disappeared, and the rice plants recovered within a week. Further, it was observed that none of the herbicides applied at tested rates had adverse effect on succeeding greengram.

The present study was carried out to estimate the growth and instability of area, production and productivity, to measure the relative contribution of area effect, yield effect and interaction effect of major pulses in Tamil Nadu for the period from 1997 to 2016. To examine the overall performances of total pulses were found to have positive growth in area (1.13 %), production (2.92 %) and productivity (1.77 %) for the study period (1997-2016) and it was positive in post NFSM period. The instability in the production of all the pulse crops has increased in the post NFSM as compared to pre NFSM, which indicates there was a significant positive change in area, production and productivity of pulses in Tamil Nadu which may be due to NFSM intervention. The relative contribution of total production of pulses was shared by yield effect (84.32 %) and interaction effect (139.11%) for the overall period. To further increase the area under pulse cultivation and yield of pulses, research and policy support in terms of output price support and procurement should be promoted which will help to increase per capita availability of pulses, reducing import dependence and to achieve self-sufficiency on pulses production.