Commercially available agricultural machines are not matching with standards which affect the performances. Many times, commercially available reversible shovels used in fixed tyne type tractor drawn cultivator do not match in dimensions as given in respective BIS code. A study conducted in Udaipur, Rajasthan revealed that out of four such shovels only one shovel T-2 fulfilled the requirement of BIS code 6023:1970 whereas maximum deviation was observed for shovel T-4.

Cashew (Anacardium occidantale L.) is high remunerative crop of India. But, production of raw nut is not fulfilling the requirement of the processing industries. Chhattisgarh is a tribal state and Bastar is one of the biggest tribal districts to have around 40,000 hectares suitable for cashew plantation. There are various factors responsible for low yield in cashew, in which the insect pest problem is major one. To study the diversity of leaf feeding lepidopteran insect pests a survey conducted by scientists of S.G. College of Agriculture & Research Station, IGKV, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India during 2007 and 2008 in randomly selected trees in cashew plantation in the surrounding areas of District Bastar, Chhattisgarh and their intensities in forest plantation were recorded at weekly intervals. The leaf caterpillar damage (33.14 % mean damage) was noticed throughout the year with relatively higher damage during November-December. The maximum temperature and evaporation were influenced negatively the leaf caterpillar damages; while, relative humidity and vapour pressure (II) had positively correlated. The leaf folder was observed (17.14 % mean damage) round the year with maximum in November to January. Leaf folder damage was negatively influenced with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind velocity and evaporation; whereas, relative humidity was correlated positively. The leaf miner mean damage observed (9.20%) almost throughout with the peak in November. The maximum temperature and evaporation was negatively correlated with leaf miner; while, relative humidity and vapour pressure (I) were influenced positively. The leaf and blossom webber was appeared (1.54% mean damage) but its damage was seen almost round year. Leaf & Blossom Webber damage was correlated negatively with maximum temperature, evaporation and bright sunshine (hours); while, relative humidity was influenced positively. While, some insect pests present in cashew plantation as minor pests which were: inflorescence caterpillar (0.28 % mean damage) observed during reproductive stage, Semilooper appeared intermittently with peak (0.06 numbers) in November-December, slug caterpillar was appeared in spring and cooler season. The activity of Inflorescence Caterpillar was positively influenced with maximum temperature and evaporation; whereas, relative humidity (morning and evening) were negatively correlated.

Bio-efficacy of commercial organic and Entomopathogen formulations viz., Azadirachtin 10000 ppm and Beauveria bassiana, one modern synthetic formulation viz., Clothianidin 50%WDG, were evaluated against mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae Green (Hemiptera: Coccidae) at Regional Research Sub-Station (Terai Zone), UBKV, Kharibari, Darjeeling, West Bengal during 2015 and 2016, as compared to Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, widely used by the mango farmers to keep down the population of the same pest. Both commercial organic formulation Azadirachtin 10000 ppm were used at 0.25 ml, 0. 5 ml and 1.0 ml/lit. of water and commercial formulation of Entomopathogen organism Beauveria bassiana was used at 1.5 g, 2.5 g and 3.5 g/litre of water and while these were 0.10 g, 0.15 g and 0.2 5 g/litre of water of Clothianidin 50% WDG and 0.35 ml, 0.55 ml and 0.75 ml/litre of water for Imidacloprid 17.8% SL. Befitting with the pest activity, two sprays with all the formulations were given during end of January of February 2013 and 2014 crop seasons, respectively. All the pesticide formulations tested were found to be more or less equally effective to afford appreciable check against the activity of the pest, reducing aphid in the range from 75.08 to 100% during 2013 and 2014. However, to satisfy organic mango production, which is the global need of the day, Azadirectin 10000 ppm at 0.5 ml/litre of water, Entomopathogen organism Beauveria bassiana at 2.5 g/litre of water and modern synthetic formulation Clothianidin 50% WDG at 0.15 g/litre of water may be good help in the appropriate care against Mealy Bug Drosicha mangiferae Green (Hemiptera: Coccidae) the most dreaded pest of mango.

Biochar technology in Indian agriculture is at nascent stage need widespread adoption for the benefit of enhanced soil carbon sequestration, GHG off-set, improvement in soil health and enhancing crop yields. Crop residues availability from major crops grown in the country, logging and processing residues of trees and organic residues from municipal solid wastes and different recycling mode was assessed in the context of climate change mitigation. The results found that the annual surplus crop residue production is around 249 Mt may likely to increase in the near future. The charring of the residues could bring gas emission down about 4.8% to 10.7 % of total net GHG’s emission per annum. It can be more of benefit if adapting the refined method of production process. The cost involved for residues collection and transportation limits the adaptation however an establishment of institutional system at grass root level with farmer participation may create way to maximize climate change mitigation potential of the biomass residues. Therefore, biochar production could be the two in benefits of waste management as well as offsetting GHG of different sectors.

Water logging is a severe problem, which affects crop growth and yield in those areas where the concentration of rain is low. Water is harmful to crop growth in excess as well as in deficit, resulting in problems such as water stress during critical periods of crop growth, water logging, salinity and pollution. About six million hectares of land in India is water logged and half of this area has problems of salinity. In Northern Bihar about one million hectares of land is water logged. A large part of the water-logged portion is located in area where canal irrigation has made rapid progress. The problem of water logging in low land area is due to inadequate provision of outlets. In the light of above circumstances, the low-lying area of Pusa Farm has been undertaken for a case study. In this paper, hydrological data of Pusa farm area has been analyzed and Drainage coefficient was determined. From Results, it was found that Pusa Farm represented a typical low lying area of North Bihar considering of medium, low and deep lands. The medium land was water logged for a period of 3-4 months, whereas low land remains water stagnation for a period of 5-6 months. The maximum expected rainfall at 60%, 70% and 80% probability levels has been computed and found that it varies from 122.00 mm to 322.00 mm for different consecutive day’s durations. Drainage coefficient was found to be decreased with the duration of rainfall. It was found maximum, 46.63 cm/day for one day minimum 13.64 cm/day for seven days duration of rainfall. Since, Paddy is the principle crop of low land area so the drainage coefficient evaluated from seven days duration of rainfall can be recommended to consider for design of drainage system

The present study was aimed to compare the Perineural and Perivascular ultrasound guided brachial plexus block. Twelve cow calves in the age group of 6 months to 1 year, were divided into two groups, A and B. 20 ml of 2% xylocaine hydrochloride was injected after scanning the area by using TELEMED cab 5-10 MHz linear array transducer from the distal and caudal aspect of scapula. Same amount of local anaesthetic solution was injected in the animals of group B after identification of axillary artery by color Doppler. The variables onset, peak and duration of sensory and motor blockade were analyzed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 135, 150, 165 and 180 min after local anaesthetic injection in both groups. No significant difference was observed in the onset of sensory and motor blockade in both the groups. However, the duration of anaesthesia was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in animals of group (A) than that of group (B). It was concluded that although there was prolonged duration of anaesthesia in perineural ultrasound guided brachial plexus block, yet, perivascular brachial plexus block technique can be used as an alternative to the former brachial plexus block technique due to ease in identification of axillary artery

Kutki (Little millet) is one of the major cereal crops under the category of minor millets and was the traditional staple food of a large segment of rural population. Kutki are rich in fibre and variable amount of proteins, minerals with slow digestibility and hence it is helpful in preventing constipation and heals all the problems related to stomach. Illiteracy, no health education, lack of domestic demand, smaller size and tough coatings, lack of appropriate dehulling technology, no value addition and poor marketing of this commodity resulted in reduced consumption. So, it has become necessary to promote and utilize this indigenous crop for processing purpose to produce various products. Present study was undertaken to study the suitability of kutki grains in manufacturing value added dairy product. The whole grains of kutki were dehusked and made fine flour in a roller flour mill and used for making semi solid cereal-based dairy dessert. The results showed that dairy product prepared from different concentrations of kutki flour (10, 20, & 30%) and sugar (10, 20, & 30%) had highest overall acceptability. Among different set of combinations, the product made from addition of kutki flour level of 10% and sugar level of 30% in double toned milk was most acceptable. The product had better shelf life up to one week under refrigeration conditions.

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of growth regulators which includes NAA (500 ppm), IBA (500ppm) and NAA (500ppm)+ IBA (500ppm) and propagation media which includes Cocopeat, perlite +vermiculite (1:1) and sand +soil+ FYM 91:1:1) on propagation of three cultivars of Lilium namely; Navona (A), Parrano (O) and yellow diamond (O), the results pertaining to different parameters are as Days taken to bublet formation, Number of bulblets formed, average weight of bulblet, circumference of bulblet and propagation index. The data reveals that Earliest scale bulblet formation (29.1 days) was recorded in cv. Navona. Similarly, earliest bulblet formation (35.6 days) noticed when scales were planted in perlite and vermiculite (v/v; 1:1) propagation media. In case of growth regulators, minimum days taken to bulblet formation (31.2 days) were recorded with IBA 500 ppm. The maximum number of bulblet formation (2.0) was recorded in ‘Navona’ which was statistically at par with cultivar ‘Parrano’ (1.8). In case of propagation media, maximum bulblet formation (2.0) was recorded with perlite and vermiculite. Among cultivars, maximum weight of bulblets formed (3.32 g) was recorded in cv. ‘yellow diamond’ which was statistically at par with cv. ‘Parrano” (3.09 g)’.

Statistical analyses (Descriptive analysis and ANOVA test) were applied to water quality (Physico-chemical) data monitored for year 2017 for observations to check the seasonal and temporal variations in water quality in selected rural communities of Chitrakoot Nagar Panchayat. Changes in concentrations of various physico-chemical parameters such as (pH, Temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), Alkalinity, BOD and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed using statistical techniques. Statistical analyses revealed that concentrations of parameters were changing with seasonal variation but variations in three variables viz., EC, TDS and COD were statistically more significant variation were observed.

A field experiment was carried out at College Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University during rabi 2013-14 to study an effect of integrated nutrient management on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) under middle Gujarat. The treatments consisted of 10 treatments, viz., 100 % RDN + FYM @ 20 t ha-1 (T1), 100 % RDN + FYM @ 20 t ha-1 + Azotobactor + PSB (T2), 100 % RDN + vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 (T3), 100 % RDN + vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 + Azotobactor + PSB (T4), 100 % RDN + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T5), 100 % RDN + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azotobactor + PSB (T6), 75 % RDN + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T7), 75 % RDN + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Azotobactor + PSB (T8), 75 % RDN + vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T9) and 75 % RDN + vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Azotobactor + PSB (T10). Application of 100 % RDN + vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 + Azotobactor + PSB (T4) recorded higher yield (41.5 t ha-1) and net return(244467 ha-1). However, quality parameter i.e., head compactness (41.7 %) was recorded higher in treatment T7 (75 % RDN + FYM @ 10 t ha-1) while moisture content of cabbage head remained non significant. In case of physico-chemical parameter of soil INM treatments did not show their significant influence on EC, pH, available phosphorus and potassium status and bulk density in soil after harvesting of crop but the organic carbon content in soil after harvesting of crop remained high in treatment T4 (0.46) and T3 (0.46).

The foreign direct investment in India helps to create employment and technology transfer in cheap manner and spillover technology. In this context, it is better to assess the determining forces of the FDI inflows into India. The data set over a period 1991 to 2016 have been extracted from Handbook of Indian Economy 2016-17 RBI. The results indicated that WPI and Exports for Food processing and Agricultural and allied sector are positively related with FDI inflows while labour productivity found non-significant in both sectors thus government should take proactive measures to creative conducive environment for enhancing labor productivity throughgeneral education and training, information and knowledge for domestic or nascent firms from developed countries

Livestock is an important constituent of the Indian economy in general and particularly that of agricultural sector. In rural India where over 15–20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to the category of small and marginal farmers, livestock is the main source of livelihood. The present paper deals about benefaction of livestock with respect food and nutritional security, income and employment and poverty reduction etc., India is the largest milk producer in the World it accounts for 146 million tons and per capita milk consumption increased by 303 to 351 grams per day in 2016-17.They contributed about 16 percent to their income, more so in states like Gujarat (24.4 %), Haryana (24.2 %), Punjab (20.2 %) and Bihar (18.7 %).The regression results shows inverse relationship exist between the livestock GDP, Agricultural GDP and Poverty Ratio. Furthermore, the positive environmental externalities associated with livestock includes saving of chemical fertilizers due to use of dung as manure and prevention of carbon dioxide emission due to use of animal energy in agriculture. Despite of this, negative externalities they cause to environment through emission of greenhouse gases, overgrazing/deforestation and water pollution. Improving the efficiency of livestock production through breeding aspects and improving feed conversion ratio in developing countries, can double livestock productivity while having its adverse environmental impacts since livestock have been singled out as one of the largest sources of methane emission after rice.

Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hopper) is an important food legume, it is widely cultivated and consumed in India. Utilization of divergent parents in hybridization results in promising recombinants. The present investigation was conducted to examine the 48 blackgram genotypes to study the genetic diversity. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among 48 genotypes for 13 quantitative characters studied. Maximum GCV and PCV variances was reported for seed yield per plant, pod per plant, harvest index and cluster per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was reported for seed yield per plant. Divergence analysis among forty eight genotypes for 13 Characters was carried out using Mahalanobis. D2 statistics the genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters. The contribution of number of pods per plant was maximum (54.43%) followed by harvest index (14.98). The maximum intercluster distance was reported in cluster V and VI (229.034). The maximum intra cluster distance was reported in cluster V (39.199).

Seven genera of nematodes were isolated from the soils of acid lime gardens of SPSR Nellore district. Meloidogyne spp., Longidorus spp., Trichodorus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Xiphinema spp., Helicotylenchus spp., and Tylenchulus semipenitrans. The most predominant genera were Tylenchulus semipenetrans which recorded highest absolute frequency (89.57), absolute density (750.3) and highest prominence value (7100.90) followed by Meloidogyne spp. The highest nematode population of 4200 nematodes/kg soil and 538/gm root sample was recorded in the gardens of Balayapalli mandalam followed by Dakkili, Rapur and Podalakur mandals of Nellore district.

An experiment was conducted on Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum with integration of fungicides collar rot disease of chickpea caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Chhattisgarh region during 2013-14 and 2014-15. Results indicated that the all treatments including Trichoderma harzianum were found significantly effective for the prevention of mortality caused by S. rolfsii in chickpea. Highest seed germination of 89.12 and 90.93 percent was recorded in treatment T8 = Carboxin+ thiram @ 3g Kg-1 seed+ T. harzianum @ 10g Kg-1 seed with Jaggary @ 10g Kg-1 seed followed by T7 = Hexaconazole @ 3g Kg-1 seed+ T. harzianum @ 10g Kg-1 seed with Jaggary @ 10g Kg-1 seed during both the year. In case of mortality caused by S. rolfsii, most effective treatment was found T7=Hexaconazole @ 3g Kg-1 seed+ T. harzianum @ 10g Kg-1 seed with Jaggary @ 10g Kg-1 seed which exhibited minimum mortality. It was significantly lower over rest of the treatments. Maximum grain yield (18.71 Kg and 17.26 Kg plant-1) was obtained in treatment T7 = Hexaconazole @ 3g Kg-1 seed+ T. harzianum @ 10g Kg-1 seed with Jaggary @ 10g Kg-1 seed during 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively. In case method of application, most effective method of application was found seed soaking as compare to seed dressing in respect to seed germination, mortality and grain yield during both the years.

Salt stress (Salinity) is one of the worsening problems in low-land areas in Pratapgarh, U. P. The build-up of salt as a consequence of the excessive use of irrigation water with improper drainage, coupled with the use of salty irrigation water or sodic soils developed from salt-bearing rocks. Paddy crop is suitable for rehabilitating these soils because of its ability to grow under flooding and its high potential for genetic improvement. Paddy productivity in salt-affected areas is very low (less than 1.5 t/ha) but can reasonably be raised by at least 2 t/ha, Salt-tolerant Paddy varieties also offer great potential to grow in marginal lands, which are usually left fallow particularly during the dry season because of high salinity. Selection of suitable Paddy varieties for salt effected prone areas, under farmer’s participation mode is directly involved to choose varietal as it suits. Four salts tolerant improve varieties was grown in trials of participatory variety selection (PVS) in five replications. An experiment was conducted in farmers’ fields with farmers participation based on their needs have helped to identify high yielding varieties for their lands. The perusal of data revels that, out of five selected salt-tolerant varieties, two (CSR-36 and NDR-359) have shown significantly higher grain yield resulting in to the higher adoption by the farmers. Therefore, these two varieties may be recommended for further extension to improve the production of rice under salt stress condition of district Pratapgarh.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the major Rabi cereal in Bundelkhand region of U.P. Major constraint for lower productivity in the district is low adoption of improved technologies. Front line demonstrations are the better means for increasing productivity of wheat crop in the district over the existing one. KVK, Lalitpur conducted 93 demonstrations in 34.4 hectare area on wheat varieties PBW 375, PBW 502, HUW 234 and PBW 550 on farmers' fields to demonstrate the production potential and advantages of improved techniques namely balanced seed rate, line sowing, integrated nutrient management and timely weed management for five consecutive Rabi seasons i.e., 2008-09, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 in 15 villages spreading over 4 blocks. On an average over years about 32.7 percent yield increase was observed in demonstrations over farmer’s varieties. The mean yield of 35.1 q/ha was recorded under demonstrations over the farmers' practices of 26.4 q/ha. The extension gap, technology gap and technology index were observed to be 8.68 q per ha, 13.5 q per ha and 27.8%, respectively. The improved technologies resulted higher mean net income of Rs.29894/ha with a benefit cost ratio of 2.91 as compared to local practice (20146/ha, 2.47)

Soybean root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani occurred in the severe forms in fields of Southern Rajasthan during 2014-15. The pathogen R. solani were recovered from root rot infected soybean varieties. The effective BCA (T. viride) in vitro, and farm yard manure (FYM) a most suitable substrate in supporting the sporulation were further evaluated alone and in combination for suppression of soybean root-rot in pot experiment with pathogen inoculated soil. The individual application of T. viride as soil treatment i.e., soil application of T. viride incubated on FYM @ 2.5 percent was found to be significantly superior with 28.98 per cent root rot over its seed treatment @ 8 g kg-1 seed that resulted in 48.75 per cent root rot. However, combined application of seed treatment with T. viride @ 8 g kg-1 seed + soil application of T. viride FYM @ 2.5 per cent resulted minimum per cent root rot (22.11%) with percent root rot control (74.68)over their individual applications as well as over the untreated control.

In general, the PCV was higher than GCV for all the characters and small differences between GCV and PCV were recorded for physical quality characters studied which indicated less influence of environment on these characters. High heritability was observed for traits like plant height, number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percent, Kernel length, breadth and L/b ratio, whereas, high genetic advance as per cent of mean observed for plant height, productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, head rice recovery and kernel L/b ratio.

Field experiments were carried out to investigate the soil test crop response-based fertilizer recommendation under integrated plant nutrient supply by following Ramamoorthy’s inductive approach of fertility gradients in Inceptisol at the Instructional Farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raigarh (C.G.). The experiments were conducted on maize (Zea mays L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L) during Kharif and Rabi 2016-17withwell developed fertility ingredients. The nutrient requirement (NR), contribution of nutrients from soil (CS), fertilizer (CF) and farm yard manure (CFYM) were computed using the data on soil test values, fertilizer nutrients doses, nutrient uptake and maize and potato yields. The amount of nutrient required (NR) to produce one quintal of maize grain yield was found to be 1.59 kg N, 0.32 kg P and 1.84 kg K. Similarly, 0.42 kg N, 0.11 kg P and 0.45 kg K were required to produce one quintal of tuber production. The percent contribution from fertilizer (CF) for N, P and K was estimated 41.84,28.28 and 140.33 and 31.27,22.06 and 82.93 percent for maize and potato crops, respectively. The percent contribution from soil (CS) was recorded as 22.53 for N, 52.67 for P and 26.40 for K in case of maize and 14.39 for N, 48.94 for P and 17.78 for K in case of potato crop. The percent contribution of organic source (CFYM) for N, P and K were recorded 21.76, 4.70 and 12.81 and 8.33, 3.50 and 19.60 for maize and potato crops, respectively. Based on the above basic parameters, soil test-based fertilizers adjustment equations were evolved for maize and potato crop to achieve a definite yield target. Ready reckoners chart for fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O application based on the soil test values for specific yield targets of maize and potato were also prepared which are useful for the soil testing laboratories.

Total of 24 buffaloes were selected randomly and divided into four groups (six animals in each group) to observe the effect of Duraprogen at different dosages on resumption of cyclicity. Animals of group C (Control) were treated with normal saline (2 ml) on day 39, 43, 47 and 51 while those under Group T1, T2 and T3 were treated with Duraprogen (Progesterone, 250 mg) intramuscular on day 39. The animals of group T1 were further treated with Duraprogen (250 mg) on day 41, 43, 45, 47 and 49 (i.e., on alternate day). The animal of group T2 were further treated with Duraprogen (250 mg) on day 43, 47 and 51 (i.e., three day interval) while the animals of group T3 were further treated on day 46 (i.e., six day interval). Blood samples were collected at day 0, day 8 (after PGF2α treatment), day 39 (post mineral mixture treatment), on day 43, 47 and 51 or on the day of estrus. Lutalyse and mineral mixture treated buffaloes. The mean value of serum calcium, SGOT and SGPT on day 51/estrus did not differ significantly with anestrus (i.e., day 0), post Lutalyse and mineral mixture treated buffaloes. The resumption of cyclicity was highly significant in group T1 in which repeated dosages of Duraprogen (250 mg) i.e., on alternate days were administered. Duraprogen had significant effect in resuming estrus cyclicity in post-partum anestrus buffaloes, repeated dosages of Duraprogen i.e., 250 mg (1 ml) on alternate day had better effect than administered at three day interval or at six day interval.

The agro-climatic conditions of Rajasthan are most favourable for maize production and multiplication of maize cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae. It is responsible for severe losses in maize production. Thus, looking to its importance, present investigations were undertaken to find out the effect of cow product viz., butter milk, cow milk, and cow urine were tested as seed treatment at 1, 2 and 4 % to check the infection of maize cyst nematode, H. zeae on maize. Results of cow products trial revealed that seed treatment with cow urine at 4 percent was found best followed by cow urine at 2 percent and butter milk at 4 percent to improve plant growth of maize and to reduce the infection of maize cyst nematode, H. zeae on maize.

In present study, four full thickness excisional skin wounds (1.5×1.5 cm2), 2.5 cm apart from each other was created (dorsal spine of thoraco-lumbar region) on each of 18 rabbits (three groups having six animals) of either sex and weighing 1.8 to 2.5 kg under standard anaesthetic protocol to evaluate the wound healing potential of Salix acmophylla leaves ointment and their response on wound morphometry and histomorphological parameters. The total number of wounds evaluated in the study was 72 and thus each treatment groups was evaluated on 24 wounds (6 wounds per treatment). The experimental study was conducted in three groups (I, II and III). Group I animals were treated with sterile normal saline solution (negative control). Groups II and III were dressed topically with thin layer of 5% Povidone iodine and 5% Salix acmophylla leaves ointment, respectively. Povidone iodine treated wounds were used as a positive control. Rabbits were evaluated for gross examination, wound morphometry and histomorphological examination. No physiological side effects and other complications were observed in any group. It was interesting to note on day 7 after post-wounding that there was appreciable reduction in size of wound treated with Salix and Betadin as compared to control groups. Furthermore, complete filling of the wound with granulation tissue without scab and demonstrable wound contraction was noticed in Salix on day 14 post-wounding that Betadin and normal group. Complete epithelialization and closure of Salix and Betadin treated wounds could be distinguished on day 21 and percentage healing 100.00% and 95.66% respectively were observed, whereas in NS complete healing was noticed in only 61.00% of wounds. Grossly, wounds treated with 5%, Salix acmophylla leaves ointment significantly accelerated the rate of wound healing compared to wounds treated with sterile normal saline solution or dressed with Povidone iodine ointment. Overall results indicated that there were wounds dressed with Salix acmophylla leaves ointment (group III) showed considerable signs of full thickness skin wound healing and significantly(p<0.05) healed earlier in 17.83days followed by Povidone iodine treated wounds (group II) in 19.00 days than wounds dressed with sterile normal saline solution (group I) in 20.83 days. These results strongly document the beneficial and significant effects of Salix acmophylla leaves ointment for the acceleration of wound healing enclosure in rabbits.

Adoption of recommended production technology and per se performance of variety is the crucial factors in production of onion. Increasing cost of cultivation in onion leading to reducing the net profit of onion growing farmers is the major challenge. The vigor of the variety is one of the major constraints in production of onion. After evaluation of onion variety Agri found Dark Red over locally available seed grown onion, the front-line demonstration of Agrifound Dark Red variety was carried out during 2014-15 to 2016-17 in different locations of Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh. The demonstration was focused on maximum productivity per unit area and feedback of farmers on performance of variety. The variety produced higher yield (average 221.33q/ha) over locally available variety but remain behind to touch its potential yield (300q/ha). The gross returns, net returns and B: C Ratio were recorded higher in Agrifound Dark Red as compared to local. Further the technology index and its adoption index were also highest in variety Agrifound Dark Red.

The present study was conducted in Jaipur District of Rajasthan, to find out the Relationship of selected independent variables of women workers with their job satisfaction. For this, one hundred twenty MNREGA women workers were selected and information was collected with the help of structured Interview schedule and data was analysed with the appropriate statistical tools as; mean percent score; ranking and result were drawn from it. The age was found to be non-significant relationship with job satisfaction of women workers. Education and annual income were negatively and non-significant relationship with job satisfaction of women workers. Socio- economic status was significant relationship with job satisfaction of women workers.

This study was an attempt to assess the knowledge and adoption of Nicobari tribes in relation to developmental programmes of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Departments. Ex post facto research design was followed. Nicobar District in Andaman and Nicobar District and Little Andaman of South Andaman district were purposively selected based on the reason that Nicobari tribals are the inhabitant of this area. A random sample of 240 Nicobari farmers were selected for the study and the primary data was collected by structured personal interview method and analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. This study revealed that the characteristics education, contact with extension agencies, mass media exposure , risk orientation and innovativeness had positive and highly significant correlation with the knowledge and the characteristics social participation, mass media exposure, risk orientation, scientific orientation and tribal leadership were found to be positive and highly significant correlation with adoption of Nicobari.

Vocational trainings are one of the important mandates of Krishi Vigyan Kendra. It is short and long term vocational training courses in agriculture and allied disciplines. Vocational trainings having the duration between 6 to 15 days was conducted on the basis of information received through family and village survey for skill development. There is no specific qualification required for attending such training programmes. Training programmes organized keeping in view for skill development of rural women in the area of their interest. KVK also organized follow-up programmes for converting skills of trainees into practice. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of training programmes through knowledge gained by rural women and role in women empowerment. The present study was conducted in district Ghazipur of Uttar Pradesh state. There were six vocational training programmes conducted by the KVK's Home Scientist during 2015-2017. Training programmes were namely 'different type of fabric painting', 'soft toy making', 'tailoring', 'making handicrafts items', 'bag making' and 'fruit and vegetable preservation technique'. Trainings were organized through some lectures, video film, power point slides and demonstration of each step. Structured feedback proforma was prepared for pre and post evaluation to assess the knowledge gained and role in women empowerment. Vocational training programmes played a important role in enhancing the skill of rural women in the area of their interest and self employment generation. This type of training programmes can be further organized elsewhere with location specific need based for empowerment of rural women.

ANOVA revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes (treatments) were significant for all the traits under studied. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters under study. Most of the characters including yield/ ha depicted high GCV, PCV and narrow sense heritability. Genetic advance as per cent of mean was also higher for 1000-seed weight, siliqua length, plant height and number of primary branches. Seed yield per hectare was found to be positively correlated with1000-seed weight, siliqua length, plant height, main shoot length and days to maturity at genotypic level. In general, the magnitude of genotypic correlation coefficients was higher than their corresponding phenotypic coefficients which indicated a strong inherent association between different traits studied and the phenotypic expression of these traits was less under the influence of environment. With regards to mean performance, the cross NRCHB 101 x NPJ 112 showed the highest seed yield (3293.01 kg/ha) followed by RH 406 x F1 (3077.37 kg/ha) and NPJ 112 x RRN 727 (2975.31 kg/ha) among all test genotypes where the mean seed yield was 2090.25 kg/ha. Mean oil content was 41.13 % and it was ranged from 38.6% (RRN 727) to 42.33% (DRMR 2019 x RRN 727) amongst the treatments

The experiment was conducted in department of plant physiology, IGKV, Raipur during 2015-16 to assess the effects of micronutrients viz., boron, zinc, iron, manganese, and plant growth regulators viz., NAA,GA3 and kinetin mixture of all and multiplex through foliar application on quality of fruit and seed in tomato. Three sprays of each at 100 ppm were applied at 10 days interval starting from 30 days after transplanting. Germination percentage, seedling length, speed of germination, vitamin C, total soluble solids and lycopene content showed significant variations.

Legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest of chickpea, cotton, pigeonpea, sunflower, tomato, vegetables and other pulse crops and has been reported to attack more than 181 cultivated plants. Artificial diets impregnated with different genotypes of lyophilized chickpea leaf and pod powders were fed to gram pod borer and results revealed that the genotypes, CRIL 2-17, ICC 10393, ICC 506, ICCL 86111, RIL 25 and ICC 3137 were suitable for the H. armigera growth and development and recorded 100 % larval survival. CRIL 2-13 was found resistant against the gram pod borer and not supported (only 70% survival) the growth and development of larvae among the ten cultivars and standard diet check. The adult emergence percent was very less and ranged from 4.2 to 37.5 in the tested genotypes against 75% in standard artificial diet. Larval and pupa periods were prolonged to 25.5 and 18.8 days, respectively compared to the standard artificial diet (16.2 and 11.3 days, respectively). It was evident that chickpea genotypes tested were resisted the complete development of pod borer and very less percent of larvae grown were turned to adult. In pigeon pea genotypes incorporated impregnated diets, the lowest larval survival (62.5%) was found in ICPW 125 and the highest in standard artificial diet. Adult recovery percentage (20.8-41.7 %) was also low in case of pigeonpea genotypes leaves/pod powder incorporated diets as against the standard artificial diet (79.2 %). The larval and pupal periods were prolonged and some larvae were remained in larval stage till death and pupa were unable to give the adults in pigonpea leave/pod powder impregnated diets. Differences in survival and development of H. armigera on different pigeonpea genotypes have also been expressed by several workers in their earlier studies and these differences may also be due to biochemical changes in the nutritional quality of the pigeonpea plant parts impregnated in artificial diets.