The study was conducted in six districts of Karnataka state viz., Chikkaballapur, Tumkur, Davanagere, Haveri, Gadag and Bellary. Totally six crops were selected purposively namely Tomato, Marigold, Gherkin, Cotton, Watermelon and Pearl millet. The farmers practicing contract farming since from four seasons were considered in selecting respondents for the study. For each crop 40 respondents were selected thus the total sample size for the study was 204 farmers. Impact on health management (637.56%), political participation (223.47%). Public recognition (80.30%), extension participation (94.06%) had shown positive change due to contract farming in Tomato. Impact of contract farming in Marigold that health management (363.42%), political participation (223.47%) had shown higher impact followed by extension participation (53.77%) and mass media participation (43.71%). social impact of contract farming in Pearl millet, health management has shown maximum impact (393.56%) followed by political participation (112.50%), extension contact (43.23%) and extension participation (40.58%). The contract farming in crops like Tomato, Gherkins, Marigold, Cotton, Watermelon and Pearl millet has done a significant impact on health and nutritional security of the people. It has created awareness and cautiousness about managing the health among the people.

The experiment was taken up with an objective of enhancing the protein content of papaya-guava fruit bar and increasing its nutritional quality by fortifying with defatted soya flour and skimmed milk powder. Different fortified fruit bars contained TSS ranged from 77.45 to 79.24 0°Brix, moisture content from 14.92 to 15.01 percent, pH from 3.38 to 3.87, titrable acidity from 0.80 to 0.98 per cent, reducing sugars from 36.59 to 48.94 per cent, total sugars from 61.15 to 74.45 per cent, ascorbic acid from 81.70 to 133.70 mg/100g, total carotenoids from 849 to 1340 µg/100g and protein content from 0.69 to 2.10 per cent. However, on the basis of sensory evaluation, the treatment T7 (60% papaya pulp + 40% guava pulp (AS) + 6% skimmed milk powder) found to be the best with maximum score for colour and appearance, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability among all treatments at zero as well as 30, 60 days of storage.

The study was conducted in six districts of Karnataka state viz., Chikkaballapur, Tumkur, Davanagere, Haveri, Gadag and Bellary. Totally six crops were selected purposively namely Tomato, Marigold, Gherkin, Cotton, Watermelon and Pearl millet. The farmers practicing contract farming since from four seasons were considered in selecting respondents for the study. Economic impact of Marigold contract farming was found to be high in the case of savings (11010.03%), household materials (9005.02%) but 2902.67 per cent increase could be seen in the case of draft power. economic impact of contract farming in Pearl millet high impact could be seen in case of housing (2859.84%), household material (1405.22%). It was surprising to saw that less impact could be observed in case of savings (53.98%) and very negligible impact could be observed in case of land holding (6.48%). the economic impact of contract farming land holding has shown significant impact in crops like Tomato, Cotton and Pearl millet, while non-significant in Gherkin, Marigold and Watermelon. Farmers considered nutritional aspects as a part of life which was followed from years together. In this case instead of nutrition farmers had given importance to savings and other aspects. Housing, savings and also material position of the farmers practicing contract farming has shown significant impact in all the crops under contract farming like Tomato, Gherkins, Marigold, Cotton, Watermelon and Pearl millet.

Five oat varieties namely HJ-8, HFO-114, OS-6. OS-346 and Kent were examined for their antioxidant activity and nutritional properties. Among the studied varieties, variety OS-346 was shown to be a good source of total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. This variety also exhibited highest amount of in vitro protein digestibility (63.53%), in vitro starch digestibility (52.63mg maltose released /g meal) and total dietary fibre as compared to other varieties

Land use/ land cover is an important component in understanding the interactions of the human activities with the environment and thus it is necessary to monitor and detect the changes to maintain a sustainable environment. The Landsat-8 satellite system has long term data archives and can be used to assess the land cover changes in the landscape to provide information to support future urban planning. In this paper an attempt has been made to studies on land use and land cover of lower Sone basin. The study was carried out through Remote Sensing and GIS. Landsat-8 imagery of 2015. The value of elevation varies from 17–599 m in the study area. In the present study, threshold values of 10% for Land use class, 10% for Soil class and 10% for Slope class are considered, resulting in formation of 158 HRUs in the study area spread over 37 subbasins. The study area was classified water (0.58%), Forest-mixed (5.50%), Sugarcane (5.41%), Rice (79.69%), Tomato (6.23%), Corn (1.53%) and Pine (1.06%). The soil of the study area is divided into sandy- clay- loam (4.34%), sandy- loam (9.91%) and loam (85.75%) on the basis of soil texture. GIS software is used to prepare the thematic maps and ground truth observations were also performed to check the accuracy of the classification. It does not indicate any significant environmental impact on the study area. However, it is necessary to closely monitor the land use/land cover changes for maintaining a sustainable environment.