The present study has been under taken in different grade regulated markets to analysing the pattern of market arrivals and prices in Madhya Pradesh for wheat. As it is the main crop of the state. One Regulated Market (Krishi Upaj Mandi) i.e. Sehore, Mhow, Kalapipal and Katangi have been selected randomly from each grade (A, B, C and D Grade) Regulated Markets in Madhya Pradesh. The study has exposed an increasing positive trend in arrivals and prices of wheat in all the A, B, C and D Grade selected Regulated Markets. The arrivals in different grade regulated markets show positive correlation with the prices revealed that as the price increases the arrivals also increases in the market. But it’s not true in the case of D grade regulated market, which is might be due to lack of facilities in this particular grade of regulated market. The maximum arrivals of wheat (7976 tons) were found to be arrived just after the harvest of the crop i.e. the month of March, April, May and June and the rest of the arrivals were found to be distributed in the remaining 8 months of the year. The weak correlation between arrivals and price has been found in different months of the year, which was found, might be due to the government purchase the wheat of the farmers on Minimum Support Price (MSP) with extra bonus. Therefore, it is an urgent need for advancement and development of all the markets as the A grade markets having all the fundamental facility such as storage facility i.e. warehouse, cold storage, ripening chamber, including transportation facility as truck, buses, trains and basic facilities such as electric weighment, graders, electric display board, canteen, parking, post office, bank, ATM, with rest house, drinking water, electricity, toilets and internal roads and facilities that need to be online all the markets so that farmers can get a fair price of their produce at their home.

The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize Bacillus species, which could be used as probiotic candidates. Initially, Bacillus isolates were collected from milk, cream, fresh tomato and soil. Based on morphological and biochemical tests, 37 Bacillus isolates including 3 standard cultures were subjected to molecular characterization using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique with partial recA gene. The SSCP analysis of 263 bp partial recA amplicons of Bacillus isolates yielded complex SSCP patterns on 8% polyacrylamide gel. On the basis of SSCP band pattern of partial recA PCR products, all the selected isolates were classified into twelve different groups. The SSCP analysis of partial recA PCR products was found to be a powerful tool for illustrating polymorphism or heterogeneity within Bacillus species.

Salinity and submergence tolerant lines in Improved White Ponni genetic background were developed by Marker Assisted Backcrossing by using FL478 and FR13A as the donors. Salinity and submergence tolerant BILs viz., IWP-10-13-3-20-2-2, IWP-10-13-3-20-2-5, IWP-10-13-3-20-2-7 and IWP-10-13-3-56-2-7 were developed by inter-crossing the independent lines to pyramid SalT and Sub1 QTLs in IWP background. The BILs were evaluated for salinity and submergence tolerance independently along with their parents. Biochemical and physiological evaluation were done to select the best salinity/submergence tolerant BILs. Ion concentration (Na+/K+), H2O2 level and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined under salt stress condition (100 mM NaCl). Total sugars and chlorophyll content were determined before and after submergence. Underwater shoot elongation, survival per cent and yield were also recorded during submergence screening. Generally, BILs showed enhanced tolerance to salinity/submergence compared to IWP. Among the BILs, IWP-10-13-3-20-2-2 had salinity tolerant traits such as increased level of antioxidant enzymes, decreased level of H2O2, very low Na+/K+ ratio under salt stress. Similarly, under submergence screening, IWP-10-13-3-20-2-2 had high amount of total sugars and chlorophyll content after submergence. Also IWP-10-13-3-20-2-2 had comparatively lesser underwater shoot elongation and produced high yield. Hence IWP-10-13-3-20-2-2 performed well in both salinity and submergence screening and it can be used as a parent to develop multiple stress tolerance variety by pyramiding QTLs for other abiotic stress.

Field experiments were carried out during Kharif, 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 in the Eastern Ghat High Land Zone at the research farm of High Altitude Research Station (Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology), Pottangi, Koraput, Odisha to evaluate the performance of 173 ginger germplams collected across the country in augmented glock design. It was revealed from the pooled data analysis that, out of 173 ginger germplasm studied, 10 accessions gave more than 10 Kg/3 m2 fresh rhizome yield, the range of plot yield being 2.2 Kg (PGS-34) to 19.0 Kg/3 m2 (PGS-36) with the mean yield of 5.2 Kg /3 m2 in tested germplasms. The highest fresh rhizome yield was recorded by PGS-36 (19.0 Kg/3 m2) followed by S-692 (16.5 Kg/3 m2), Tura Local (14.8 Kg/3 m2), Tura Local-1(14.3 Kg/3 m2), S-642-1(12.5 Kg/3 m2), GCP-31(12.0 Kg/3 m2), PGCAL-1(11.5 Kg/3 m2) etc. The clump weight of germplasm varies from 110 g (S-554) to 450 g (PGS-36) with the mean value of 204.6 g. China (88.5 cm) was the tallest among all. KG-132(13.0) had the highest number of tillers per plant. V1K1-1 (15.2 cm) had longest fully opened last leaf. GCP-5 (2.5 cm) had the wider leaves.

The present research plan was executed to investigate the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil desurfacing due to brick kilns in some parts of National Capital Region (NCR) of Haryana province (India), using Cartosat-I and Worldview-II digitized data and ground truth verification was done. The soil desurfacing process immensely affected the micronutrient reserve of top soil of cultivable land in study area (Jhajjar district). Brick kiln activities leading to soil desurfacing in the region have been observed during 2007 and 2012 in a massive way, increasing 41 % over the preceding years during this duration of five years. The investigation also revealed that due to rampant soil desurfacing in study area, micronutrients have decreased drastically, especially in the parts like Jhajjar and Bahadurgarh zones, being in close proximity of National Capital, New Delhi. Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn content in desurfaced soil decreased as compared to normal soil and decrease was of the order of 80.41, 60.02, 54.78, and 47.26 per cent, respectively.