It is very important to have a fast utility for the irrigation system evaluation to help the system designer and operator to evaluate the system performance and make the reactions towards any system operation problem if exists. Microsoft excel 2010 spreadsheet was successfully created in order to evaluate the drip irrigation system hydraulic performance. The spreadsheet was designed to provide the user with Friendly user interface, easy data input supported with input values check, giving more clarification for emitters’ flow distribution supported with charts, and Easy printable outputs Supported with user help work sheet. The uniformity parameters Included Uniformity coefficient, statistical uniformity, manufacturer’s coefficient of variation, emitters’ flow rate variation, distribution uniformity, and emission uniformity. Emitter exponent also can be calculated by this spreadsheet. The spreadsheet was evaluated by researchers involved with drip irrigation field as excellent rate, beside there was an agreement between spreadsheet calculations and evaluators’ in addition to saving the calculation time .

The global economic crisis started in United States of America mainly due to ‘sub-prime mortgages’ where interest rate was slower down and there was a great demand for housing loans. Later, American banks repackaged this debt to worldwide financial instruments called ‘Collateralized debt obligations’ and sold them worldwide, which resulted in unaffordable mortgage payments and many people defaulted or undertook foreclosure. Then this mortgages crisis affected worldwide. Different views on the reasons of the crisis include sub-prime mortgage, securitization and repackaging of loans, excessive leverage, mismatch between financial innovation and regulation, fair value accounting rules, typical characteristics of US financial system, failure of global corporate governance & complex interplay of multiple factors. Developed countries have so far been the most affected, with a decline in FDI inflows in 2008, mainly due to sluggish market prospects. Flows into developing economies continued to grow in 2008, but at a much lower rate than the year before. Indian economy and agriculture cannot be completely insulated from the global and domestic economic recessions. The impact of economic crisis on Indian agriculture and fisheries were transmitted through three distinct channels, viz., financial sector, exports and exchange rates, and the impact manifests itself in several direct and indirect ways. Some of the impacts were decreased GDP growth rate, high inflation, FDI inflows and international trade.

Environmentally beneficial composites can be made by replacing synthetic fibers with various types of cellulose fibers. The most important factor in finding good fiber reinforcement in the composite is the strength of adhesion between matrix polymer and fiber. Due to the presence of hydroxide and other polar groups in various constituents of natural fiber, the moisture absorption is high which leads to poor wettability and weak interfacial bonding between fibers and the more hydrophobic matrices. Therefore, it is necessary to impart hydrophobic nature to the natural fibers by suitable chemical treatments in order to develop composites with better mechanical properties. In the present work, the effect of esterification on the moisture absorption property of single areca fiber has been investigated.