In this study attempt has been made to examining the adaptation measures taken by the farmers to deal with climate change in the Vijayapur district of northern Dry Zone of Karnataka. Based on the existence of high range of variability in rainfall and temperature (since 40 years), the district taluks were selected, accordingly the taluks selected were Bijapur and Sindagi. From each of the selected taluks five villages were selected randomly. By applying simple random sampling technique 150 respondents were selected for the study. The data collected through a detailed interview schedule employing personal interview method. The objective of the study results revealed that with respect to adaptation measures initiated in soil and water conservation practices, about 58.00 per cent of farmers are in high adaptation category followed by medium (25.33%) and low (16.66%) level of adaptation category. Study revealed that, more than 50.00 per cent of the farmers were in high level of adaptation to climate change, initiated in crop production and soil and water conservation practices. It has to be supported by organizing various transfer of technology programmers along with facilitating farmers to adopt climate resilience crop technologies and innovative technology.

In this study, attempt has been made to analyzing the profile of farmers in relation to their awareness and adaptation to climate change in the Vijayapur district of Karnataka. Based on the existence of high range of variability in rainfall and temperature (since 40 years), the district taluks were selected, accordingly the taluks selected were Bijapur and Sindagi. From each of the selected taluks five villages were selected randomly. By applying simple random sampling technique 150 respondents were selected for the study. The data collected through a detailed interview schedule employing personal interview method and the coefficient of correlation test was applied to ascertain the relationship of independent variables with the awareness of farmers about climate change and the results were observed that age, organizational participation, mass media exposure, farm resources, had a non-significant and positively correlation with awareness of climate change. Whereas, risk orientation, extension contact, were positively and significantly related at 0.01 level, farming experience, innovative proneness, mass media participation, land holding, social participation, scientific orientation, also had a positive and significant relationship at 0.05 level, with the awareness of climate change by farmers. For establishing a relationship between independent variables of farmers with adaptation measures initiated due to climate change was done by farmers the result of analysis observed that age, mass media exposure, organizational participation, size of land holding, and farm resources, had a positive and non-significant relationship with farmers adaptation to climate change. While education, farming experience, innovative proneness, risk orientation, extension contact, social participation, and scientific orientation, had a positive and significant relationship with farmers adaptations to climate change, at 0.01 per cent level

In this study, Attempt has been made to identifying the constraints faced by farmers during adaptation to climate change in Vijayapur district of Northern Karnataka. Based on the existence of high range of variability in rainfall and temperature (since 40 years), the district taluks were selected, accordingly the taluks selected were Bijapur and Sindagi. From each of the selected taluks five villages were selected randomly. By applying simple random sampling technique 150 respondents were selected for the study. The objective of the study revealed that, In recent days farmers are facing lot of problems in their farming, it may be climatic aberration, high input cost, low market price for their produce and their situational conditions are restricting them to take up any adjustments in their farming due to climatic aberrations. With these background efforts has been made to know the constraints experienced by farmers to initiate the mitigating strategies to cope up with ill effects of climate change. The information on the constraints experienced by farmers was collected by identifying major aspects required for profitable farming, revealed that, major constraints faced by farmers to take up adaptation measures to overcome ill effects of climate change were. Higher cost of the agricultural inputs (Rank I). non availability of inputs in time (seeds, plant protection chemicals, fertilizers etc), (Rank I) were rated as major constraints, followed by difficult to work in the field due to severe temperature, (Rank II). Low price for the produce in the market was ranked as (Rank III), followed by lack of knowledge about post harvest technology, (Rank IV),lack of knowledge about processing of different crops, (Rank V),lack of storage facility in the villages,(VI), absence of processing unit in the village, (Rank VII) and, Lack of knowledge regarding appropriate adaptations (Rank VIII), Lack of information about long term climate change (Rank IX), and were other constraints expressed by farmers in the order of their experience

An attempt has been made in this paper to study on Farmers awareness regarding climate change in the Bijapur district, of northern Dry Zone of Karnataka. Based on the existence of high range of variability in rainfall and temperature (since 40 years), in the district two taluks were selected as Vijayapur and Sindagi. From each of the selected taluks five villages were selected randomly. By applying simple random sampling technique 150 respondents were selected for the study. The Results revealed that with respect to awareness of climate change, more than one third of farmers had high level of awareness about climate change. It is evident from the stables that farmers are fairly aware of all the three important components of climate change which are prominently affecting agriculture viz., rainfall and temperature. More than one third of the farmers were highly aware of changes in temperature and overall impact of climate change on agriculture. It is really surprising to note that the probable reasons that could be attributed for higher awareness of farmers about climate change might be due to now-a-days farming is a costly venture. Most of the inputs required for agriculture are very costly

The pandemic has left out everlasting impact on all the sectors, especially in the education sector. To assess the impact of lockdown amidst COVID-19 on undergraduates students pursuing Agricultural Education. A structural questionnaire using Google form link was sent to the students using social media platforms like whatsapp and e-mail. A total 360 students responded and provided information regarding this survey. Then we used simple percentage distribution was used to assess the learning status of the study the socio economic profile and demographic information of the students. During the lockdown, due to the closure of the colleges every student is indulged in the online classes by hybrid mode. Many students used android mobile phones for attending the classes, only few of the students used personal computers and laptop for the online learning. Due to the online classes students faced various problems such as anxiety, stress, poor internet connectivity, unavailability of gadgets and unfavorable study environment at home. Mainly the students from the remote areas and marginalized sections faced many problems and enormous challenges for learning virtually during the pandemic. Professional degree like agriculture concentrate more on practical classes, this virtual mode of learning lack majorly the practical knowledge because it was unable to cover the practical classes, it was an major drawback of the distant learning. This study covers the pros and cons faced by the students pursuing the agricultural and allied studies. Considering the professional courses like agriculture strategies needed to be developed to build a resilient educational system in the state that will ensure to develop the skill for employability and the productivity of the young minds during the crisis period if any in the future

The knowledge of onset of effective monsoon (OEM), its withdrawal and distribution of seasonal rainfall during monsoon month are essential for crop planning and management of rainfed farming. Daily rainfall data for the period 1998 to 2017 were analyzed for different talukas of Yavatmal district in Vidharbha region of Maharashtra state according to Ashok Raj (1979) for the study of OEM, withdrawal of monsoon and spatial variation maps for both parameters were developed. The average monsoon seasonal rainfall in different taluka stations varied from 556.75 mm to 890.64 mm with coefficient of variation of 25 to 49 percent. The mean dates of onset and withdrawal of effective monsoon varied from 18?? to 29?? June and 17?? September to 4?? October respectively at different taluka places in Yavatmal district. The average onset dates of the effective monsoon differ between early and delayed onset years, ranging from June 6?? to June 14?? for early onset years and from June 28?? to July 14?? for delayed onset years. Average date of withdrawal of monsoon during early and delayed withdrawal years varied from 31?? August to 18?? September and 9?? to 19?? October respectively. Spatial variation maps for mean dates of onset and withdrawal of effective monsoon in Yavatmal district were prepared which can be used for crop planning of the region. The mean date of starting of different category critical dry spells (CDS) varied in different monsoon months from 19?? to 28?? June, 13?? to 24?? July, 12?? to 20?? August and 6?? to 19?? September at different taluka places in Yavatmal district

The field survey was conducted to acquire first-hand information on dairy husbandry practices in Tapi district of south Gujarat with the objectives, to study the profile of dairy farmers and to know the constraints perceived by the dairy farmers in buffalo calf rearing and found that half (51.40%) of the dairy farmers were from middle age group followed by 37.10% of old age and 11.40% of respondents were from the young age group. About two-third (77.90%) of the dairy farmers were functionally literate and 22.10% of the dairy farmers were illiterate. Majority (94.30%) of the dairy farmers were found to be from the ST category followed by general (3.60%), Other Backward Classes (2.10%) and Scheduled Caste (0.00%). Majorities (64.30%) of the dairy animal owners were from medium-sized families and majority (94.30%) of the dairy farmers had joint family. Majority (74.30%) of the dairy farmers did not socially participate in any organization. About 57.90% of the dairy farmers in the area have marginal land holdings, 19.30% were landless and 10.70, 8.60 and 3.60% have small, medium and large land holdings, respectively. Majority (70.70%) of the dairy farmers in the study area practiced agriculture and dairy as their source of livelihood. Regarding herd size out of the total dairy farmers 33.60, 30.70 and 35.70% have small, medium and large sized herd respectively. About 40.70% of dairy farmers reared only buffaloes, 16.40% reared indigenous cattle along with buffaloes, 36.40% reared crossbreed cattle with buffaloes and 6.40% reared indigenous &crossbreed cattle together with buffaloes. Majority (64.30%) of the dairy farmers did not have any extension contact. Regarding constraints faced by the dairy farmers during buffalo calf rearing the first major constraint (84.29%) was of the dairy farmers having inadequate knowledge of vaccination schedules and control of diseases. The second major constraint was (75.71%) of the dairy farmers did not get sufficient prices for their milk. The third major constraint was (55.00%) of the dairy farmers had inadequate knowledge of scientific housing. The fourth major constraint was (51.43%) of the dairy farmers had lack of awareness about development programmes. The fifth major constraint was (47.14%) the high cost of starter/feed

The present investigation was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U.P.) during Ravi seasons of 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the nutrient sources through integration. The experiment consisting 12 combinations of 4 levels INM [F0: Control, F1: RDF(20kg N, 50kg P?O? ha-1) + RC (Rhizobium culture), F2: RDF(20kg N, 50kg P?O? ha-1) + PSB (Phosphorus solbulizing bacteria), F3: RDF(20kg N, 50kg P?O? ha-1) + Rhizobium culture + Phosphorus solbulizing bacteria and varieties (V1- Uday , V2- Avrodhi and V3- PUSA-362 ). The experiments were conducted in Randomized Block Design (R.B.D.) with three replications. The highest initial plant population (was recorded with RDF + RC + PSB ,which was significantly superior over control but at par with RDF + PSB and RDF + RC. The initial plant population was not significantly affected by different varieties of chickpea. The application integrated nutrient management modules treatment F3: RDF(20kg N, 50kg P?O? ha-1) and varieties (PUSA-362) were recorded significantly yield attributes (number of pod plant-1, number of grain pod-1, grain weight plant-1 and 100-grain weight) was recorded under RDF + RC+ PSB, which was significantly superior over control and RDF + RC and found at par with RDF + PSB. The variety PUSA-362 produced significant yield attributes Which was found significantly superior over Uday and at par with Avrodhi.

The study was intended to identify the problems faced by the sugar co-operative Societies in Gujarat state. A high rate of interest was one of the key problems the sugar co-operatives encountered since they need financing or money to operate the co-operative, which was a big financial challenge for co-operatives early on. Lack of enough raw materials, for which they had to cope with raw material collecting and sugar processing, was one of the co-operative's other major problems. Older equipment was the sugar co-operative's biggest production-related problem, high labour costs were the sugar co-operative's biggest obstacle to hiring more workers for its projects and government policy and control were the sugar co-operative's biggest worry when it came to marketing its finished products.