The present investigation was carried out at Agriculture Research Sub-Station, Sumerpur (Pali, Rajasthan) during Kharif-2020. The study involved six genotypes of sesame, which were sown in randomized block design with the objective of studying disease intensity related information on Alternaria blight and powdery mildew of sesame, and to develop suitable management strategies to prevent the crop losses. The study data for disease reaction of powdery mildew and Alternaria blight of sesame showed that genotype SAVT-20-4 showed moderately resistant (MR) reaction to powdery mildew. Genotypes SAVT-20-6 and SAVT-20-3 showed moderately susceptible (MS) reaction to Alternaria blight, whereas, SAVT-20-2, SAVT-20-1, SAVT-20-3 and SAVT-20-5 showed moderately susceptible (MS) reaction to powdery mildew. The genotypes viz., SAVT-20-5 and SAVT-20-1 exhibited susceptible (S) reaction to Alternaria blight whereas, genotypes SAVT-20-4 and SAVT-20-2 exhibited highly susceptible (HS) reaction against Alternaria blight. The variety SAVT-20-6 showed susceptible (S) reaction against powdery mildew of sesame

The study was intended to identify the constraints faced by beekeepers in the production and marketing of honey in Gujarat state. A total of 100 beekeepers were selected by employing the snowball sampling method from Gujarat state. Garratt’s ranking technique was used to rank the constraints. The result revealed that the majority of beekeepers faced production constraints for migration of bee colonies with a 66.13 mean score. The low selling price of honey was faced by majority beekeepers listed under marketing constraint of honey with a mean score of 63.30 followed by to obtain the FSSAI/ISI standards certification in the study area whose producer’s share in consumer rupee was found the least i.e., 33.06 and 43.66 percent only among different marketing channels

The field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kasturbagram, Indore, M.P. to find out the effect of biowastes enriched vermicompost growth and productivity of soybean and succeeding wheat. Amongst the biowaste treatments, the farm waste enriched 2 t VC/ha (W2) increased the growth and yield parameters of soybean upto significant extent as compared to water hyacinth (W1) and soybean stover (W3) enriched VC treatments. The plant height was 46 cm, branches 4.65/plant, leaves 10.21/plant, DM 24.4 g/plant, grain yield 25.15 q/ha and straw yield 28.91 q/ha. In succeeding wheat, the plant height was 103 cm, 24 g DM/plant, root dry weight 4.02 g/plant, tillers 41.5/m row length, grain yield 42.29 q/ha and straw yield 59.65 q/ha in W2 treatment. In case of additives enriched VC treatments (A1 to A5), rock phosphate + PSB + Trichoderma combination performed the best with respect to growth and yield parameters of soybean and then succeeding wheat. The plant height of soybean was 45 cm, branches 4.41/plant, leaves 9.83/plant, DM 24.5 g/plant, grain yield 24.03 q/ha and straw yield 27.88 q/ha. In succeeding wheat, the plant height was 101 cm, 22.4 g DM/plant, root dry weight 4.09 g/plant, tillers 40.3/m row length, grain yield 42.10 q/ha and straw yield 59.45 q/ha in A5 treatment

Oilseeds crops have major role in Indian economy next to cereals. Among the oilseed crops, groundnut, (Arachis hypogaea.L) is an important edible oilseed crop of India. Groundnut is most favorable oilseed crop in Bikaner district. The area under groundnut is increasing year by year. The average yield of farmers practice is always lower than yield obtained in FLDs. There is wide gap between the farmers practice and demonstration yield. This comparatively low productivity of groundnut crop may be governed by many factors including adoption as well as many hindrances in the farmer's field situation. Frontline demonstration (FLD) is the long-term educational activities conducted by agricultural scientists in a systematic manner on farmers’ field to show the worth of new practice/improved technology. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bikaner-II (Lunkaransar) has conducted FLDs during Kharif, 2018 and 2019. The KVK has organized 125 FLDs on Groundnut in 20 villages of four blocks (Lunkaransar, Chhatargarh, Khajuwala & Pugal) in Bikaner district. This study aimed to determine the impact of frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on yield, adoption, varietal replacement and horizontal spread of groundnut crops. The results revealed that higher average pod yield and percentage increase in front line demonstration was observed and attributed to the improved variety along with technology demonstrated through front line demonstration. Economic analysis of yield performance of demonstrations revealed that on an average for the period under study, higher gross returns were recorded in demonstration (improved technology) with relatively higher benefit cost ratio. The findings showed that significant increase in the average yield of demonstration plot (2787 Kg ha-1) over the control plot (2199 Kg ha-1) of groundnut. The increase in the yield of groundnut due to improved technology was 26.23 per cent over farmers practice

The present study was conducted to assess the growth in export of major seven fruits from India. Compound Growth Rate is employed to analyse the time series data for 21 years collected from APEDA and other government publication for a period of 2000-01 to 2020-21, which divided into three periods viz., Period I (2000-01 to 2009-10), Period II (2010-11 to 2020-21) and overall period i.e., Period III (2000-01 to 2020-21). The growth rates of quantity and value of fruits exported were positive and significant during both the periods as well as in the overall period, except in case of the export quantity and value of orange during Period-I, apple and orange during Period-II and export quantity of mango during Period-II and overall period. Further, it can be revealed that per unit export price of all fruits decreased significantly except in case of grapes, orange and papaya

India is the 2nd largest populated country in the world and ranks 7th in the world for land coverage. And there is a need to satisfy food demand of such a huge country, so self-sufficiency in food supply is necessary. At present in Indian agricultural scenario, due to lack of proper post-harvest practices and storage facilities, food losses range from 1 per cent to 11 per cent. Efforts for bridging the gap between India’s food production and storage infrastructure can be useful to minimize these losses and ultimately achieving self-sufficiency. Storage of agricultural commodities is one of the important components in agricultural marketing. India possesses a good position at world level in production of food-grains and vegetable. Even though, India is facing problem of lack of proper storage facility, transportation facility and credit unavailability. These lead higher losses of food grains as well as marketing cost. Therefore, there is dire need to implement AMI policy efficiently

The study was intended to identify the constraints experienced by the agripreneurs in starting and running agro-enterprises in major districts of Saurashtra region of Gujarat state. The procedure employed in the selection of the respondents comprising the three categories of agripreneurs namely the on-farm agripreneurs, off-farm agripreneurs and the commercial farmers. A total of 150 respondents were selected by employing the random sampling method from Saurashtra region. Garratt’s ranking technique was used to rank the constraints. The result revealed that the majority of agripreneurs faced poor access to formal credit facilities with a mean score 61.1867 (rank I) followed by inadequate guidance and financial assistance and Stiff competition with other entrepreneurs with a mean score 55.9610 (rank II) and 54.6933 (rank III) irrespective of types of agripreneurs i.e., commercial farmers, off farm agripreneurs and on farm agripreneurs

Most of commercially popular cultivars of mango are susceptible to the powdery mildew disease. White powdery growth is appearance on flowers and pea size fruits, which leading to dropping of flowers and pea size fruits cause serious fruit yield losses to the mango growers. Evaluation of different fungicides along with recommended for reduced loss due to powdery mildew. All tested fungicides were found significantly reduced disease incidence. The minimum disease intensity (6.98%) was recorded in propiconazole (0.025%) followed by difenoconazole (0.025%) and hexaconazole (0.005%), their disease intensity was reported 7.91% and 8.63%, respectively. Significantly highest fruit yield (4001 kg/h) was obtained in propiconazole (0.025%) followed by hexaconazole (0.005%) and difenoconazole (0.025%) with fruit yield of 3858 kg/h and 3758 kg/h, respectively. Maximum net return (Rs.26985/h) with ICBR (1:8.75) was obtained in propiconazole but hexaconazole gave highest ICBR (1:14.57)

A field experiment was carried out during five consecutive rabi seasons (2016-17 to 2020-21) at research farm of R.K. (P.G.) College, Shamli (U.P.), with three replications under split-split plot design. FYM levels (0-, 5- and 10-ton FYM/ ha) were taken as main plot, three N levels (40, 80 and 120 kg N/ ha) as sub plot and four biofertilizer (Control, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Azotobacter + Azospirillum) as sub-sub plot. Application of 10-ton FYM/ ha resulted significant decrease in overall bulk density of soil from 1.23Mg/ M3 to 1.18 Mg/ M3. However, highest WHC (0.35 kg/ kg soil), organic carbon (0.91%), cation exchange capacity {10.59 Cmol (P+)/ kg soil} and available N (225.3 Kg N/ ha) noticed with 10-ton FYM/ ha. Joint inoculation with Azotobacter + Azospirillum resulted, 9.6 %, 25 % and 11.02 % higher WHC, organic carbon and available N in soil, respectively over no inoculation. Application of 10-ton FYM/ ha maintained 24.78, 54.61 and 67.56 percent higher effective tillers, biological and grain yield/ ha, respectively. The plants supplied with 120 kg N/ ha had 22.64 % higher grain yield/ spike, produced 31.83 % higher biomass and 31.46 percent higher grain yield over 40 kg N/ ha. Highest protein content (13.25%) was registered with 10 ton/ ha FYM followed by 12.17 percent with 5-ton FYM/ ha. Combined inoculation with Azotobacter + Azospirillum, resulted 7.06 percent higher protein in their grains and had 34.85 percent higher net return over uninoculated control

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is mainly self-pollinated crop, although 20-30% of cross pollination also occurred. Major pollinator for mustard seemed to be bees due to heavy and sticky nature of its pollen. Being a pollination service provider, bees contribute efficiently in enhancing mustard productivity through efficient pollination in an inconspicuous and silent manner. Among different honeybees, Apis mellifera plays an important role in enhancing mustard productivity quantitatively and qualitatively. As its foraging activity positively correlated with temperature and bright sunshine and observed maximum at peak flowering period indicated Apis mellifera as best performer of pollination. This phenomenon enhances the yield of mustard in terms of no. of pods per plant, pod length, no. of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plot, pod setting (%), seed germination (%), seed vigour index, and oil content (%). This study showed that mustard seed yield significantly higher in crop caged with A. mellifera as compared to pollination in absence of pollinators

The field investigation was carried out, with a view to study the “Effect of micronutrient application on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cv. GNT-2” during 2020-21 at Regional Horticultural Research Station, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. The experiment was conducted by using of different sources of micronutrients viz., FeSO4, ZnSO4 and boron to check the growth and yield performance of turmeric crop under south Gujarat condition. The foliar application of micronutrients was applied at 60, 90 and 120 days after planting. Results of experiment revealed that, the growth attributes viz., plant height (67.27, 128.53 and 138.47 cm), tillers/plant (4.13, 4.87 and 5.07), number of leaves/plant (8.60, 11.80 and 12.60), length of leaf (56.93, 62.40 and 84.60 cm), breadth of leaf (17.33, 19.47 and 21.27 cm) at 90, 150 and 210 days after planting, respectively were recorded maximum in treatment of FeSO4 0.5% + ZnSO4 0.5% + Boron 0.5% (T8). In case of yield attributing characters and quality, maximum mother rhizomes/plant (3.53), number of fingers rhizomes/plant (16.13), weight of mother rhizomes (52.80 g/plant), weight of finger rhizome (256.93 g/plant), yield of rhizome (310.40 g/plant), fresh rhizomes yield (13.000 97 kg/net plot) and fresh rhizomes yield (33.26 t/ha), curcumin content (4.09 %) and essential oil (3.52 %) in treatment of T8 (FeSO4 0.5% + ZnSO4 0.5% + Boron 0.5%). Economic point of view, turmeric cv. GNT-2 treated with FeSO4 0.5% + ZnSO4 0.5% + Boron 0.5% given higher net realization (Rs. 6,70,993/ha) and maximum benefit cost ratio (4.18)

Nysius is a genus of false chinch bugs in the family Lygaeidae. False chinch bug (FCB), Nysius sp. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is a highly polyphagous and occasional pest in the world, where it may become an emerging pest. Their capabilities to give rise to outbreaks, mainly during warm and dry periods, make the insect a major pest in a number of countries. It has a smaller size with greyish-brown coloration and transparent wings. FCB has incomplete metamorphosis. It causes damage by using piercing-sucking mouthparts; both nymph and adult of FCB puncture stems, foliage, and fruits then sucking cell sap from it. FCB causes an average of 10-90 % seed yield loss in agricultural crops. For management purposes cultural practices viz., use of resistant cultivars, deep ploughing, sprinkler irrigation, and removal of alternate weed hosts should be adopted; mechanical practices viz., boll weevil traps with mustard oil compounds, yellow sticky trap, and blue sticky trap are used; physical control by using low radio frequency level. Predators like, big-eyed bugs, lynx spiders, jumping spiders, sphecid, chrysidid, birds, and parasitoids like Telenomus ovivorus, Phasia occidentis are used for biological control to mitigate infestations in the field. And the chemicals like thiamethoxam, profenophos, cypermethrin, Spinosad, Lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid caused significant FCB mortality

Consumers demand for fresh and safe food with favourable sensory and nutritional properties with an adequate shelf life. Currently, ready to drink functional enriched sugarcane juice with extended shelf life is not available in markets. Functional enriched sugarcane juice blended with amla and lemon juice was developed with extended shelf life processed without/minimal heat treatment by utilizing novel food processing technologies viz., Pulsed Electric Field (PEF), Ultraviolet C (UV-C) treatment and Ohmic Heating (OH). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the combinations of experiment. The optimum levels of sugarcane juice, amla juice and lemon juice extracts were found to be 91.998 mL, 4.720 mL, 3.282 mL respectively. The standardized juice was processed using different novel food processing technologies. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to model the relationship between the dependent variable towards predictor variables viz., pH, total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, antioxidant activity and total plate count (TPC). From the analysis of PEF treated juice, the predicted data showed that the variables pH, Vitamin C and TPC were found to be significantly associated at 1 per cent level (p<0.01) with the age of the product. The Antioxidant activity was statistically significant at 5 per cent level (p<0.05) and TSS had no significant (p>0.05) difference with the age of the product. It was observed that the variables pH, VC AA and TPC were found to be significantly associated at 1 per cent level (p<0.01) and the TSS was statistically significant at 5 per cent level (p<0.05) with the age of the product in UV treated juice. From the analysis of OH treated juice the variables TSS, Vitamin C and Antioxidant activity were found to be significantly associated at 1 per cent level (p<0.01) with the age of the product. The TPC was statistically significant at 5 per cent level (p<0.05) and pH had no significant (p>0.05) difference with the age of the product. Hence, the regression equation obtained can be selected to be the mathematical model for prediction of age of the juice based on independent variables

In India, Marigold (Tagets erecta) is one of the most commonly grown floriculture crops. Its natural tendency of profuse flowering of short duration to produce market flower, wide spectrum of attractive colours, shape, and size with good keeping quality attracted the attention of people. It is extensively used on religious ceremonies, social functions as offering and also for decoration purpose all over the sub-continent. The estimated area on which flowers are grown in India is about 65,000 hectares. Major growing states are Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The present study is confined on an impact and response of different methods of irrigation e.g., Border, Check basin, Drip and Sprinkler with a four treatment and our replication along with randomized block design on growth and yield of marigold cultivation at Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh

Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients and path coefficient analysis were carried out in radish using Twenty-five diverse genotypes for fourteen quantitative characters. In general, magnitudes of genotypic correlation coefficient were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficient, suggesting therefore, a strong inherent relationship in different pair of characters. Root weight was found to be significantly and positively associated with plant height, leaf weight, leaf length, root thickness and root size at phenotypic and genotypic levels. On the other hand, negative and significant correlation was found with leaf: root length ratio at phenotypic level only. Therefore, these characters should be taken into considerable, while making selection for improvement of root yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height, root length, root thickness, root size and leaf: root weight ratio has direct positive effect at phenotypic and genotypic levels on root weight, which indicating these are the main contributor to root weight. Root size had high direct positive effect towards root weight, whereas, root thickness has less direct effects on root weight

The total loss owing to poor post-harvest processing of agricultural products in India when valued in conditions of financial reflects a remarkable loss in the economy. Post-harvest losses of rice, wheat, sugarcane, pulses, oil seed, vegetables fruits and root crops due to insufficient processing and preservation reached to 4.96 MMT in 1989-2001. These losses were valued in US$ 503 million. Post harvest losses of food grains refer to different losses produced by a variety of factors. These losses include harvesting, collection, threshing, cleaning, drying, packing, transportation and storage losses. Food grains include cereals, pulses and oilseeds. It is estimated that total losses in post harvested rice operation range between 6-24% even through agricultural technology is claimed to have substantial development. Ministry of food processing estimated that Rs 23,000 crores has been lost by estimating of minimum 10% post harvest losses in cereals, pulses and oilseeds. The study in post harvest losses of food grains in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh was conducted enquiry and observation method. The study also covered the prediction of perception gap of post harvest losses. Two villages were selected purposely in all eight blocks for study. The crops like Paddy, Millet, Sorghum, Maize, Groundnut, Pigeon pea, Sesame, Wheat, Gram, Pea, Lentil, Toriya (Lahi), Mustard, Black gram and Green gram were identified as per survey of blocks. Detailed information and data of post harvest losses were collected in prescribed performs generated by Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana. The recorded data of all prescribed performs of enquiry and observation method were analyzed. Post harvest losses of various operations like harvesting, collection, threshing/sieving, cleaning/winnowing, drying, packing, transportation and storage of all fifteen crops were obtained. Post harvest total losses of different crops like Paddy, Millet, Sorghum, Maize, Groundnut, Pigeon pea, Sesame, Wheat, Gram, Pea, Lentil, Toriya (Lahi), Mustard, Black gram and Green gram were found 14.95%, 10.08%, 8.99%, 11.77%, 11.61%, 8.6%, 14.55%, 17.18%, 14.08%, 13.43%, 9.79%, 8.71%, 7.98%, 11.21% and 11.62% respectively in observation method. Maximum 15.80 % and minimum 8.41% post harvest losses were found in crops Sesame and paddy respectively in enquiry method whereas in observation method, maximum 17.18% and minimum 7.98% losses were found in crops wheat and mustard respectively. Perception gap was obtained maximum (7.11%) in wheat crop whereas minimum perception gap was found 0.38% in Black gram

A field experiment was conducted on light texture soil at Kanpur during kharif 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of moisture conservation practices. (Farmer’s practices, ridging and furrowing and mulching) on splash loss canopy development, water use, water use Efficiency, root development, growth behaviour and yield of sorghum varieties (Suraj, Virat, Hi-tech-3201 and Ratna-40) under rainfed condition. Results revealed that a variety "Ratna-40” performed better yield level of 26.20 Q/ha, total water use of 386.0 mm and also had a higher net return (Rs 32067 /ha.) as well as B:C ratio (2.09). Organic residue mulching in between the crop rows at 25 DAS gave significantly higher grain yield (26.70 Q/ha) and stover yield (86.29 q/he) over and ridging furrowing as well as farmer's practice treatments. The higher WUE (7.51 kg grain /ha/ mm of water) and net return (Rs 27970q/ha.) were also recorded. When mulching practices were adopted. Highest splash loss was found under farmer's practice followed by ridging and furrowing and lowest under mulching plot

The present investigation was carried out on crossbred and Sahiwal cows [Healthy cows (n=146) and Subclinical ketotic (SCK) cows (n=22)] of the institute herd and rural dairy farms around Karnal. The blood samples were tested for presence of ketone bodies during early stage of lactation (5-60 days) postpartum from August 2019 to March 2020. Milk production level (<10kg, 10-20 kg and >20 kg/d) were recorded during the experiment. Blood ketone, plasma glucose and Non Esterified Fatty Acid (NEFA) levels were detected to find out incidence of Subclinical Ketosis. Results showed that the healthy cows had higher (P<0.05) level of glucose and lower BHBA (P<0.01) in comparison to cows suffering from SCK incidence. Milk yield of cows selected from the farm were significantly lower (P<0.01) in comparison to field animals (15.48vs.34.56kg/d). Subclinical ketotic cows of farm produced less milk yield (7.72kg/d) than the healthy cows (P<0.01). BCS of cows and buffaloes of field and farm did not differ between the healthy and SCK animals. Blood glucose level was negatively correlated to NEFA and BHBA level (r=-0.772 and r= -0.578, P<0.01). It can be concluded that the high producer crossbred cows were more vulnerable to SCK due to high milk production during early stage of lactation. Sahiwal cows suffer less from SCK due to medium level of milk production. Factors like high milk production, negative energy balance in transition period makes the animal more susceptible to SCK incidence. Monitoring and screening of animals for the incidence of SCK at monthly intervals should be practiced by the farmers to manage the SCK and to enhance income

Kadaknath is the important native breed of poultry of Madhya Pradesh mainly reared by tribal community bhil and bhilalas of Dhar and Jhabua District. Black flesh and black internal organ are the specialty of this breed. Kadaknath black meet has an intense and distinctive taste, it contains more protein and rich in vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, C and E and low-fat content. The experiment was conducted from the year of 2016-17 to 2018-2019 and tribal farmer’s rear kadaknath poultry in semi-intensive system. It was implemented by the scientist of Krishi Vigyan Kendra Dhar in order to income generation and uplifting of tribal farmers. KVK Dhar has provided 250 chicks of kadaknath to the five farmers 50 chicks of each farmer each year up to three years. KVK also established 4 kadaknath breeding unit and hatchery unit with the capacity of 2000 eggs. The experiment has found that beneficiary of the project has highly benefited by poultry farming and KVK Dhar has organize certain extension activities like on campus and off campus training, capacity building, awareness about good management practices and marketing practices about kadaknath poultry farming, community mobilization, facilitating linkage with other government and non-government organizations and Poultry development programmes. At present KVK Dhar has distributed more than 25000 chicks of kadaknath breed. It may lead to significant income generating option and also improvement in nutritional status of household