Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as Integrated Pest Control is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. It is necessary to know the fact that up to what extent farmer’s had the knowledge about various aspects of integrated pest management practices in banana crop. For knowing the level of knowledge of banana growers about IPM, this knowledge test was developed. For the preparation of the knowledge test,33items (questions) were initially selected from different sources such as literature, field extension personnel, relevant specialists and the researcher’s own experience. There were total 18 items in final knowledge test to measure the level of knowledge of banana growers about IPM after working out ‘Index of item difficulty’, ‘Index of item discrimination’ and ‘Index of item validity. The test was found to be reliable (0.88) and valid.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 on sandy loam soil of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experiment having seven treatments i.e., T1 : 100% RDF (100-60-40 kg N-P-K ha-1) ; T2: 100% RDF+ Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 ; T3: 125% RDF+ Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T4: 75% RDF+ Poultry manure @ 0.82 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T5: 75% RDF+ FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T6: 50% RDF+ Poultry manure @1.6 t ha-1+ Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50kg ha-1 and T7: 50% RDF+ FYM @ 10 t ha-1+ Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice during kharif rice and in rabi each kharif treatment was sub divided into four sub treatments (S1:no fertilizer, S2: 100% RDF, S3: 75% RDF and S4: 50% RDF) and hence, the split plot design was adopted. Total No. of plots per each replication in the rabi was 28 (7x4= 28). Among all the kharif treatments, T7 was recorded maximum growth parameters viz., plant height (), No. of tillers (), LAI () and SPAD reading () in rice. While in rabi, S2: 100% RDF was recorded maximum plant height () and No. of tillers () in ragi in both the years of study in pooled data.

Career is a regular occupation or profession in which one is making a living. Career preferences of agriculture girl students are to be studied due to increased employment opportunities and economic motivations. They do intend for a lucrative job as a fruit of their hard labour and have their own likings and disliking for various career avenues. The study was conducted on sample of total 120 UG and PG agriculture girl students studying in college of agriculture, J.A.U., Junagadh. The most preferred career of the agriculture girl students was to join academic teaching (rank I), followed by state agricultural department (rank II), administrative job (rank III), banking sector (rank IV) and agriculture research (rank V).

Electrostatic forces have been successfully incorporated in many industrial fields while working with particulate materials, which need to be deposited on target uniformly and minimizing the off-target movement (drift) resulting in wastage of material. This basic concept has been already introduced in automobile paint industries, electrostatic spraying systems (ESS) and dust settlement solutions etc. Pollen grains are immobile, hence cannot reach the stigma by themselves. Therefore, an external agent is required for transfer these pollen grains onto the stigma, which can be wind, water, animal, gravity or growth contact. Many plants are wind pollinated, e.g. grasses, small grain crops, and conifers, whereas some species rely on animals, primarily insects, to carry pollen from flower to flower. The idea of using electrostatic charge in artificial pollination is significantly promising and has shown positive results to primary investigations done by many of the researchers in this field. The concept of electrostatic non-contact detachment and deposition of charged pollens in plant pollination ensures less physical damage to pollen; therefore, it has better potential to increase the fruit set and its quality. Moreover, the system may be reliable, economic and much convenient while dealing with pollination of larger orchards, which is a very tedious job while working with manual method.

Models perform an organizing function in explaining the relationship of one part to another and in giving us an idea of the whole system. He also says that a model performs an explanatory function by pointing out in a somewhat simplified fashion how a system operates. Models can be best used for explanatory purposes only when we are alive to their limitations, as they are by no means a simulacrum of reality, but only a simplified image of it. It was found that the output (communication behaviour) increases with increase in the input (independent variable) but with the decreasing ratio. With the increase in independent variable communication behaviour (dependent variable) also increases but ultimately a saturation point reaches after that the communication behaviour of the farmers did not increase.

The present study was carried out in the fish landing centres of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh to know the marketing profile of selected marine fishes landed in Nellore. Study of selected varieties of fish groups landed in Nellore were lethrindis, barracudas, seer fishes, carangids and sardines. Two fish marketing channels were identified. They were Fishermen-Auctioneer-Retailer-Consumer (Channel-I) Fishermen-Auctioneer-Vendor-Consumer (Channel-II). The Fishermen’s share was more (above 80%) for low value fishes where as it was comparatively low for seer fishes, lethrinids, carangids and barracudas. The marketing efficiency in Channel-II was comparatively higher for all the selected marine fishes as per Shephred’s and Acharaya and Agrawal’s methods. By applying Garret technique while ranking the constraints, high degree of dependency on middlemen for financial support followed by high marketing cost and low landing price were found to be the main constraints of fishermen.

Nanoscience has arisen as one of the foremost fascinating branches of contemporary science. Globally the investments are increasing in nanotechnology-based studies and development. In addition to high bioavailability, high biodegradability properties and ability to penetrate directly into the animal body, it offers a scientific gain with its rapid and unique moves, thus rendering the particle utilization rate higher. Trace minerals more effectively used in poultry diets in the form of nanoparticles to satisfy the mineral requirements. The nanoparticles are likely to be different when compared to their conventional forms due to their extremely small size and unique physical properties. Nano form of supplementation increases the surface area which increases the absorption and thus the use of minerals leading to a decrease in the number of supplements and ultimately a decrease in feed costs. Nanoparticles are prepared using different methods. But, before choosing the particles, it is important to take into account the physicochemical stability of the active substance and its toxic effects, its liberation profile. The most widely nanoparticles used in poultry are Nano Zn, Nano-Ag, Nano Se, Nano DCP, Nano Cr. For intensive poultry processing, nano-feed additives and novel detoxifying nano-materials are expected to provide added value for feeding practices as a result of their positive effect on performance. In this review paper, we have our overview of nanoparticles, their preparation and their applications in the poultry industry. This chapter lists possible areas of poultry nutrition where the benefits of these technologies can be used to assist researchers and policy makers.

An experiment consisting ten parents and their all possible combinations (excluding reciprocals) was conducted at Research Farm of BNV College Rath (Hamirpur) during the rabi 2007-08. The results showed high level of variability both among parents and F1 for all the characters. The parent’s vs F1s were also highly variable for all the characters. Genetic components of variance analysis showed that both additive (D) and dominance (H1 and H2) were significant for all the traits under study. The degree of dominance (H1/D) 0.5 showed the presence of over dominance for all the characters except green pod yield which was under control of partial to complete dominance. All the characters showed high heritability coupled with high Genetic Advance except pod width, pod length and number of seeds per pod. An advancement of 26.93% was observed for green pod yield per plant at K = 2.06. Simple selection procedure may be recommended for improving the green pod yield.

An attempt has been made in this paper to highlight the impact of agricultural credit on sugarcane production in Erode district of Tamil Nadu. Resource use efficiency and stochastic frontier model was employed to assess the impact of agricultural credit on sugarcane production between borrower-and non-borrower farmers. Results revealed that borrower sugarcane farmers are using more quantity of inputs (setts, machine hours, irrigation hours, manure and human labour) compared to non-borrower sugarcane farmers. MVP to MIC ratio indicates that human labour usage and irrigation hours are underutilised by both the sugarcane farmers. Stochastic frontier results revealed that Borrowers are more technically efficient in sugarcane production compared to non-borrower. Based on the results appropriate policy were suggested.

E-learning has emerged as a tool to improve the access, affordability as well as availability of education to the masses. However, the issues concerning the readiness of the different stakeholder for implementing e-learning needs to be studied so that it can be implemented successfully in higher education institutions. The study seeks to assess the e-learning readiness of teachers a premier State Agriculture University (SAU). A structured pre-tested questionnaire was administered to faculty members selected through stratified random sampling. The study findings indicated that the faculty of selected SAU was ‘e-learning ready but needs improvements’ in certain areas to make it more effective and successful. However, about 40% faculty displayed positive attitude towards e-learning although more than half of the respondents agreed with perceived usefulness and ease of use of the new technology. The study will be useful for policymakers and decision makers for designing relevant and appropriate strategies for effective implementation of e-learning in higher agriculture education systems of the country.

An experiment on conservation agriculture technologies for the rice-black gram cropping sequence for hilly zone of Karnataka was conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Agriculture Research Station, Mundgod and experiment was laid out in strip block design with sixteen treatments with control and three replications. Among the Conservation tillage (CT) and crop management (CM) practices, CT (no tillage) with BBF (135 cm) with residue retention on the surface along with RPP + brown manuring of sunnhemp (CM1) recorded significantly higher plant height (35.72 cm), number of branches per plant (7.99), number of nodules per plant (26.55), leaf area (9.71), total dry mater production per plant (14.99 g), number of pods per plant (33.45), number of seeds per pod (5.65), pod length (4.99 cm), test weight (59.69 g), grain yield (11.89 q/ha) and haulm yield (18.48 q/ha) at harvest as compared to rest of the treatments.

The present study the day wise analysis of rainfall, wind speed, maximum and minimum temperature forecast and usability percentage of weather parameters have been done for monsoon, post monsoon, winter and summer season of Navsari region during the year 2011-12-2015-16. Highest rainfall forecast of Ratio Score (RS) of Navsari region was observed during post monsoon season was 100 (Day-2) during the year 2013-14 and south west monsoon was recorded 87.5 (day-1) during 2013-14. The increase accuracy was observed for rainfall in case of day-1 and day-2 then after decline in south west monsoon season as well as post monsoon was same result find.

The present study was conducted at Banaras Hindu University during the year 2019 with the objective to study the awareness of e-resource among the students of arts and science stream. A total of 200 students were selected from the two streams (100 students from Arts and 100 students from Science stream). The finding of the study revealed that 82 percent of the male respondents and 39 percent of the female respondents from the Arts stream and 88 percent of male respondents and 90 percent of the female respondents from Science stream were aware of e-resources. Majority (73.81%) of the male and female respondents (66.67%) from Arts stream and female respondents (80 %) from Science stream came to know about e-resources from Friends while majority (43.18%) of the male respondents of Science stream came to know about e-resources from Library website.

The Study of engineering and chemical properties of Cassia tora L. seed powder was conducted and observed that colour values L*,a*,b* were found to be 71.25, -0.4015, 34.0825, respectively. Average particle size was found to be 0.33±0.1mm, bulk density 0.608±0.019 g/ml, tapped density 0.690±0.023g/ml, angle of repose 35.01±0.46-degree, compressibility index11.70±3.38 degree and Hausner’s ratio 1.12±0.03. The Calcium, Magnesium, Iron Copper and Zink was found to be 70.522± 0.791, 11.122± 0.350, 0.4596± 0.123, 0.003± 0.001 and 0.8483± 0.105 mg/100g, respectively. Protein, fibre, Ash, fat and carbohydrates were found to be 15.72%, 4.07±0.03%, 3.57±0.01%, 1.06±0.02% and 70.03±0.49%, respectively.

In agriculture, tillage is one of the most important filed operation. The land is usually ploughed by using plough and cultivators. But these cannot serve the purpose as they invert only the upper layer of soil, without proper mixing. Hence, to have a good soil tilth, additional field operations using rotavator, harrow etc. are highly essential. Compared to cultivator, a tractor mounted rotavator saves 30-35% of time and reduces 20-25% in the cost of operation. But there is a limitation that the rotavator blades might be subjected to wear and fatigue under dynamic loading. Abrasive wear has been emerged as a serious problem in rotavator blades. It increases the down time and maintenance cost. Wear of rotavator blades occurs because the material used are softer than the natural abrasives in the soil. The rotavator blades available in the market are not properly heat treated so the wear rate is considerably more as compare to the heat-treated blades. So, there is a need to study wear characteristics of rotavator blades.

Brassica juncea (L.) commonly known as Indian mustard is globally used as oilseed, vegetable and condiments. The analysis of variance for the experimental design indicated to significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Partitioning of genetic variance indicated to highly significant differences among the parents as well as hybrids for all the traits under study. This indicated that materials used for present investigation had adequate variability for different traits. The highly significant mean sum of squares for parents vs. hybrids indicated to existence of heterosis for all the characters studied. The performance of hybrids revealed that crosses RH-749 x RH-406 and NRCDR-02 x RGN-73 were among best performing hybrids. The gca and sca mean squares were significant for all the traits indicating importance of both additive and dominant gene actions controlling the expression of characters.