Agri-horti-Silviculture system of agroforestry caters the basic needs of food, fodder, fuel and timber for farmers in addition to its economic benefits. Among several combinations one of the suitable systems is with soybean, aonla and sissoo. A study was carried out to evaluate the performance of soybean as under storey crop with different proportion of tree combinations. Five treatments viz. 100% Emblica officinalis, 75% Emblica officinalis + 25% Dalbergia sissoo, 50% Emblica officinalis + 50% Dalbergia sissoo, 25% Emblica officinalis + 75% Dalbergia sissoo and 100% Dalbergia sissoo were selected for the study. Soybean production trend was evaluated continuously for three years from 2017 to 2019. One-year old trees were planted with desired combinations in all the treatments. Soybean variety NRC-86 was grown in all three years. In first year of 2017 (tree age was 2-year) soybean yield was at par in all the five treatments. In second year of 2018 (tree age was 3-year) soybean yield was significantly varying in few treatments. In third year of 2019 (tree age was 4-year) significant variation of soybean yield was recorded in almost all the treatments. In third year among the five selected treatments highest yield (1106 kg/ha) was recorded under 100%Emblicaofficinalis and lowest (841 kg/ha) under 100%Dalbergiasissoo. The mean soybean grain yield was declined from 1200 kg/ha to 846 kg/ha during 2017 to 2019. However, this reduction in yield may be compensated by tree component. Three-year study revealed that 75% Emblica officinalis + 25% Dalbergia sissoo with soybean is most suitable for farmers because it fulfils the basic needs of farmers

The study was undertaken during summer 2017-2018 at IFSRS, Karamana with the objective of evaluating performance of different fodder crops in summer fallow of double cropped lowland rice fields under varying N regimes. The fodder crops selected for the study were fodder cowpea (CO 9), rice bean (Bidhan 2), fodder maize (African tall) and fodder sorghum (CO (FS) 31). The investigation revealed that among the different fodder crops tested, fodder maize performed better in the summer rice fallows with higher green fodder yield. However, with respect to net income it was comparable with fodder cowpea at 100 percent and 75 percent RDN. Fodder cowpea (100 and 75% RDN) recorded higher B: C ratio. Considering the shorter duration, better quality fodder and higher B: C ratio, fodder cowpea was assessed as the best fodder crop for the summer rice fallows. Yield, net income and B: C ratio of rice bean, fodder maize and fodder sorghum under varying doses of N were comparable, indicating the adequacy of 50 percent RDN

Cropping pattern, crop diversity and irrigation intensity of four water user categories i.e. own users (FUO), water sharing farmers (FShU), water selling farmers (FSeU) and water purchasing farmers (FPU) were analyzed in Chitradurga and Tumkuru districts of Karnataka. Institution of groundwater sharing and groundwater markets help farmers in making wise decisions regarding types and number of crops to be cultivated in a year and volume of groundwater to be applied. Modified entropy index (MEI) was used to analyze the crop diversification. Results have shown that, crop diversification is more in FShU farmers (0.92) as they allotted major proportion of land area (51.84 %) under field crops and was lowest in FPU farmers (0.82) as they have cultivated perennial crops in a larger area (62.57 %). Irrigation intensity was highest in FUO farmers’ category (88.44 %) and was lowest in FPU farmers category (70.83 %). Sharing of groundwater among siblings helped them to use available groundwater effectively and motivated them to incorporate diversity in their cropping system. FUO farmers were reluctant to take up more crops as they opined that, excessive crop diversification poses difficulties in management. FSeU farmers had less MEI value as preferred to save groundwater as they were also involved in groundwater selling

The present investigation was undertaken with a view to study the labour absorption (both family and hired labour) in principal crops in transitional plain regions of Rajasthan. The primary data were collected from the 200 households of 10 villages during year of the 2018-2019. To study the labour absorption in crop production for principal crops the model suggested by Singh, 1996 was used. The labour absorption in crop production for the transitional plain region varied from 53.47 man-days per hectare (marginal farms) to 45.55 man-days per hectare (large farms) in different farm size groups. The absorption of machine labour was the highest on large farms (44.72 hours per hectare) and lowest on marginal farms (24.71 hours per hectare) indicating that machine labour replaced human labour with the increase in size of the farm

The agrochemical industry is one of the most globalized in the world. The study was undertaken in Dahod with objectives are to know the market of herbicide, to know useful promotional tools for marketing and development of herbicide, and to know the farmer purchasing behavior toward herbicide products. Dahod district of Gujarat was selected purposely as per convince for the researcher for the study. In Dahod district, three talukas and twelve villages were selected intentionally. Further, one hundred twenty farmers were selected randomly from twelve villages included in the study. The primary data was collected with the help of the schedule for the year 2017-18. The major crops cultivated were maize, soybean, black gram, peanut, flowers, and vegetables. The promotional tools for marketing and development of herbicide products are field demonstration, farmer's meeting, jeep campaign, TV add, Newspaper advertisement, wall printing, and testimonial. The farmers purchasing decisions toward herbicide is depend on quality, packaging, price, availability, and services

Azolla can be fed to all classes of poultry either in a fresh or dried form as meal. It can be given directly or mixed with concentrates to poultry. Azolla meal is considered as the most economic, high nutritive, efficient locally available alternative and eco-friendly sustainable protein feed supplement for poultry. Since the cost of feeding is a significant factor contributing the economic viability of poultry industry, it can be reduced by incorporating cheaper un-conventional feed resources in poultry feed formulation. It is a potential source of protein, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and other beneficial phytochemicals as feed additives. Thus, it can be used in poultry feed as potential and income generating highly efficient and effective alternative protein feed ingredient for poultry

A mobile application was developed with complete groundnut crop package of practices in Telugu language for technology transfer to farmers and extension functionaries during 2017-18. The app was downloaded by 7969 farmers from Google Play store and other sharing media. A study was conducted to assess the mobile app utilization, usefulness of information, extent of adoption of groundnut production technology. Further, the content analysis of the mobile and also the suggestions on the mobile app was studied. A sample of 100 farmers were selected who has used the mobile app for two consequent seasons during 2018-19. The results indicate that regarding utilization majority of users downloaded from Google Play store search, faced no difficulty in downloading the app, one-time registration was easy, regular in using the app information, completely understand the app content and visits weekly once. With respect to usefulness of information in the app, the users perceived that pest and diseases, varietal, fertilizers and manures, contact details of the scientists and land preparation information as most important by majority of the app users. Among the recommended practices adopted by the app users majorly include application of gypsum, disease management, pest management, selection of varieties, time of sowing and farm mechanisation. Content analysis of the app results revealed that the content is standard, more adequate, clear, practical and Literic. App users suggested to develop similar app for other crops, videos on practices need to be added in the app, develop apps on other agricultural aspects, information on availability of farm machinery for purchasing, automatic pest and disease detection should be equipped in the app and finally government subsidy programmes information can be made available in the app

Coffee as a beverage is grown in few states of India like in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and in north eastern states. Among them in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, it is cultivated in a tradition pattern by following regular cultural practices. Soil fertility is crucial to know the nutrient requirement of the crops. Soil test based nutrient management will increase sustained crop productivity there by helping to save the environment. In order to know the fertility status of the soil this study was carried out and observed that soils cropped to coffee in the traditional coffee growing areas of India indicate soil acidity, deficiency of magnesium, sulphur and boron as limiting factors to achieve sustainable yields of coffee. Ninety four percent of samples representing the three states in South India were acidic in reaction and among them 52 percent were strongly acidic (pH: < 5.5). The phosphorus nutrient management also needs attention to improve the deficiency of the nutrient found in 19 percent of the samples representing three states. Kerala is found to contain higher (31 %) number of samples deficient in available P while Tamil Nadu (27 %) and Karnataka (12 %) soils are deficient to lesser extent. Buildup of soil phosphorus levels in 59 percent of samples is observed and this can not only impair nutrient balance but also affect micronutrient availability to the plants. Deficiency of available magnesium is found to be widespread (64 %) in soils of all the three states. The proportion of the deficiency is highest in Kerala (95 %) followed by Tamil Nadu (55 %) and Karnataka (54 %). Available sulphur content of the soils collected from the traditional coffee growing states indicated deficiency in about 39 percent of the samples. Karnataka was found to have higher number (42 %) of S deficient samples compared to Kerala (39 %) and Tamil Nadu (24 %). Deficiency of available boron was reported in 35 % of the soil samples representing the three States and its distribution was nearly the same in all the states (32-36 %). The soil fertility evaluation of the soils cropped to coffee in the traditional coffee growing states of India enabled to know the limiting factors and to draw site specific nutrient management packages to address the problems of each hobli, taluk, district and state

Solar tunnel dryers of 4' x 4' with polyethylene sheet (0.2 mm) and polycarbonate materials of 4 mm, 6mm and 8 mm thickness were developed. Performance of the solar tunnel dryers was evaluated at no load and full load conditions. Under no load condition, the temperature inside the solar tunnel dryers made of polyethylene, 4 mm, 6mm and 8 mm thickness polycarbonate are observed as 45°C, 49°C, 51°C and 50°C respectively. Dryers were evaluated under load conditions by drying moringa leaves. The time required for drying the leaves from 83% initial moisture content to 8% was observed to be 5 hours, 4.5 hours, 4 hours and 4.5 hours polyethylene, 4mm polycarbonate, 6mm polycarbonate and 8mm polycarbonate dryers. It took 6.5 hours to dry the moringa leaves in open sun drying. Dried products were analysed for the quality. It was observed that, Vitamin C, Protein content and Iron content of moringa leaves dried in 6 mm polycarbonate solar tunnel dryer were higher than that dried in other driers. From the colour analysis, it was observed that the “a” value of moringa leaves dried in 6 mm polycarbonate solar tunnel dryer fits with the standard value

Poultry egg and meat are important animal protein sources and essential in providing balanced diets for nutrition and health. It is an excellent source of high quality protein, vitamins and trace minerals. Rural poultry sector contributes nearly 21% of the national egg production in India and is the most neglected one. Poultry production in rural/backyard areas is one promising strategy to ensure food security, enhance income and promote women’s empowerment at a relatively low investment. The focal points for rural poultry production should aimed at development of appropriate variety, utilization of locally available resources, Proper health care and disease control, capacity building/training of farmers and a well organized marketing system. Involving women on training in husbandry and poultry health services will lead to successful poultry activities. Promotion and implementation of long term planning for sustainable rural poultry production to improve livelihood and promote gender equity is the need of hour

The Cycle mounted battery operated boom sprayer technology is most suitable for energy alternate device for power sprayers. These sources of energy are clean, risk free and constitute no harm to man and environment. The initial investment and operational cost of Cycle mounted battery operated boom sprayer was found to be less compare to the existing power sprayer in the market. It was observed that spray distribution was uniform throughout the field. The sprayer worked satisfactorily under field conditions. It can also be used for vegetables, row crops and orchard crops to spray chemicals or bio-pesticides or herbicides. The developed sprayer was reducing labour drudgery, time and very much suitable for marginal and small farmers. This sprayer was user and eco-friendly. The area coverage of the developed boom sprayer was 0.61 ha h-1 and the field efficiency was 83.56 %. The production cost of the Boom sprayer was Rs 5,650.0 and the cost of operation was Rs 92.0/hr

India is one of the major traditional rice varieties growing country. Consumer demand for traditional rice varieties is growing because of its health benefits. A study was carried out to find out the consumer awareness and knowledge about traditional rice varieties in Erode city, Tamil Nadu. From the four zones of the city 30 samples from each region were selected and total sample size was made up of 120. The sampling method of Convenience sampling was used for collecting information from the sample respondents. The results showed that majority of the sample respondents were female, young (20-40 years), graduates, earning Rs 21,000-40,000 and living in nuclear families of 3-5 members. They had more knowledge about Jeerga samba rice (91.66) followed by Mappillai samba rice (83.33) accompanied by choice of their purchase was for improving health conditions (66.66) which the consumers health based benefits they attain from the usage of traditional rice was also to improve overall health condition (33.33). Age and Income were highly influencing the consumers towards awareness of traditional rice varieties. Knowledge level was studied to identify their attitude and their interest on traditional rice varieties and problems also studied to know the difficulties in buying of traditional rice varieties.

Innovation was used in many different ways that varies systematically with the level of analysis employed. It was the organization’s way of implementing new ideas or turning out the creative concepts of its members into realities. The study was conducted among the member and non-member entrepreneurs of Technology Business Incubator (TBI), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Convenience sampling technique was adopted to collect data from the 120 (60 member and 60 non-member) sample respondents. Email survey was conducted to collect data from the 60 member entrepreneurs of TBI whereas direct survey was used to collect data from 60 non-member entrepreneurs of TBI. The tools of analysis used in this study were percentage analysis and Rank Based Quotient (RBQ). The results showed that most of the member entrepreneurs were middle aged and literate. They perceived innovation was important to capture the market (65.33 RBQ) and to earn profit (44.33 RBQ). It could be suggested that conducting awareness programs on innovation would help entrepreneurs to improve their adoptability and firm performance

The investigation was accomplished using 19rice hybrids to assess genetic variability, correlation among yield attributing traits and also indirect and direct effects on yield. Analysis of variance revealed that all hybrids showed considerable variation which helps in identification of promising lines for future breeding programme. High level of estimates of PCV and GCV was documented for grain yield/plant, spikelets/ panicle, panicles/m2. High heritability was recorded for test weight, panicles/m2 and plant height. Genetic advance as percent mean was highest for plant height, flag lef length, panicles per hill, spikelets per panicle, panciles per square meter, biological yield, test weight and grain yield per plant. High levels of estimates for heritability along with genetic advance as percent of mean were documented in test weight, panicles/m2 and grain yield/plant. Correlation revealed that grain yield/plant showed positive significant affiliation for majority of the characters excluding spikelets/ panicle, flag leaf width and number of tillers/hill at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Days to maturity, plant height, days to 50% flowering, biological yield had positive direct effect on yield at phenotypic and genotypic level which indicates direct resolution of these traits that would lead for augmentation of grain yield in rice. The investigation concluded that IHRT-E- 3016, IHRT-E- 3006 and IHRT-E-3009 were identified as best hybrids for grain yield

A mathematical model has been developed to evolve criteria for optimally designing an earth air–pipe cooling system employed in greenhouses. Relations have also been developed to compute the size of earth air pipe cooling system required for the space to be cooled. This cooling system is characterized by two parameters i.e. pipe length and cross-section and volumetric air flow rate (m3s-1m-2 floor area). These two parameters have been optimized to remove the maximum heat flux from the greenhouse enclosure. For a given environmental parameter ? (? = (Tr-Ts)/(Ta-Ts)), the optimum air flow rate (m3s-1m-2 floor area) cab be computed. A polynomial relation between environmental factor (?) and climatic factor (CF) was given. For creating a desirable temperature inside greenhouse the value of ? is decided and then CF is calculated. The ratio A/At has been related to ? and CF. For a given value of flow velocity (vt), we can determine the cross-sectional area of pipe in m2. This model has proved to be very useful in designing the optimal cross-sectional area of pipe and optimal volumetric air flow rate for removing the maximum heat load from the greenhouse

This study was carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kurukshetra, Haryana to find out the yield gap between improved package practices developed by CCSHAU; Hisar under front line demonstration (FLD) with farmers practices (FP) on wheat crop under irrigated condition. It was observed that, the yield of wheat in FLD under irrigated condition ranges between 47.3 to 47.7 q/ha whereas, in FP it was found 43.2 to 44.1 q/ha from 2015-16 to 2016-17. The yield of wheat (cv. WH-1105) was increased in FLD as compared with FP. The percent increase in wheat yield was found more in FLD as compared with FP during the studied period. The yield gap between FLD and FP was found 4.1 and 3.6q/ha during 2015-16 to 2016-17 respectively. The technological index was ranged 12.7 and 12.3 during 2015-16 and 2016-17 respectively. The average cost benefit ratio was 1:49 and 1:32 in FLD and FP. The yield gap between FLD and FP may be due to the farmers has not followed the improved Package and Practices in wheat crop from sowing to final harvest period

The time-series agricultural production-related data shows many peaks and troughs. Based on the behaviour of the data we can find out the best-fitted model, among the different models. Therefore, the present study was carried out based on the importance of the model selection to find out the growth rate using the various linear and non-linear models, viz. linear, logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic, compound, S-curve, Growth function, Power function, Exponential, Logistic, Gompertz and Richards models. Time series data of the area, production and productivity of Tapioca in Tamil Nadu from 1970-71 to 2018-19 were collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Tamil Nadu. The study revealed that the cubic model is the best-fitted model about the area of Tapioca. Similarly, cubic and quadratic models are found to be the best model for the productivity of Tapioca by the obtaining highest R square and lowest RMSE, MAPE and MAE values. And for the production, none of the models was selected as the best model because of the residuals not following the normality

Anthracnose of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) caused by Elsinoe ampelina (de Bary) Shear, is widespread and the most destructive disease in the vineyards which causes considerable yield loss in grapes production. In the absence of resistant cultivars, management of Anthracnose disease has relied principally on application of synthetic fungicides. The present study evaluated the effects of fungicides on Anthracnose disease of grapes and investigated the efficacy on the yield components and yield of grapes. The field experiment was laid in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications in subtropical climatic condition of West Bengal at Regional Research Sub-Station (R & L Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Sekhampur, Birbhum, West Bengal, India during 2018 and 2019. The highest disease control was in Picoxystrobin 22.52% SC @ 400 ml/ha (75.89 %, 69.58 % and 72.97 %) followed by Azoxytrobin 23 % SC @ 500 ml/ha (71.93 %, 63.83 % and 66.54 %), Kresoxim-methyl 44.3% SC @ 700 ml/ha (60.50 %, 52.70 % and 53.89 %) and Hexaconazole 5% EC @ 1000 ml/ha (46.71 %, 32.28 % and 37.58 %) on leaves, shoots and bunches respectively at 15 days after 2nd spray. Highest marketable grapes yield was obtained by the spray of Picoxystrobin 22.52% SC @ 400 ml/ha as compared to other treatments

An On Farm Trial (OFT) was conducted by the Rathindra Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Rathindra KVK) adopted tribal villages of Birbhum District, West Bengal to evaluate the performance of Modified Earthen Pot Cool Chamber (MEPCC) on shelf-life of vegetables in the year 2016-17. In semi-arid red lateritic zone of Birbhum district, extreme hot climate conditions prevail over most of the time of every year and the vegetables get spoiled very quickly especially in the absence of proper storing system. The farm women face the problem of storing them with proper keeping quality. Three treatments were under taken for this trial i.e., Farmers’ Practice = Vegetables stored in room temperature; T1 = Technology Option - I: Vegetables stored in bamboo baskets covered with wet gunny bags; T2 = Technology Option- II: Vegetables stored in modified earthen pot cool chambers. Total no. of replication for this trail was 10. Three perishable vegetables i.e., Tomato, Brinjal and Spinach were taken for the trial.500 gms of each vegetable were taken for the trial. Observations were taken in 3rd, 5th and 7th day of keeping the vegetables. From the result, it was found that the Technology Option-II, i.e., vegetables stored in MEPCCs performed significantly better with respect to minimum loss of weight (Tomato - 6.6- 31.1%, Brinjal - 7.6 - 27.2%, Spinach-27.2 - 81%) during all the dates of observation for all the vegetables. It was also observed that the MEPCCs performed significantly better in case of Tomato and Brinjal than the leafy vegetables Spinach

Slash-and-burn farming, also known as shifting cultivation (Jhum) is a traditional community farming practice engaged by indigenous people of India since time immemorial. This traditional practice has been an extensive farming where resource utilization was never a primary concern for farmers earlier. But, in the present-day scenario of climate change, depleting natural resources and increasing mouths to feed, it is pertinent to scientifically improve the practice. The current study was to understand the on-going farm practices of Jhum paddy growers of Wokha district of Nagaland and assess its improvement. The research work was conducted as exploratory research on economics, resource constraints and optimization of input resources of Jhum farming. It was conducted during the year 2017-18 with 63 respondent farmers from five villages based on random sampling. Three major cropping systems viz. Paddy + Sugarcane + Maize (PSuM), Paddy + Maize (PM) and Paddy + Maize + Sesame (PMSe) were identified. From the study, it was observed that medium land holding farmers of PSuM and small farmers of PM and PMSe had highest net return (Rs. ha-1) i.e., Rs. 63871.18, Rs. 104887.21 and Rs. 53021.22 respectively in the respective existing set up of cropping system. After applying LP technique for maximization of gross margin, it was observed that net return for all cropping system gained significantly with minimum gain of 18.4% using existing resources. Also, it was observed that medium and large farmers of PMSe and PSuM were more likely to gain more by application of LP technique

An experiment was conducted at Balsamand Research Farm in Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Mature seeds of seven tree species viz.,Ailanthus excelsa, Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis, Dalbergia sissoo, Prosopis cineraria, Prosopis juliflora and Azadirachta indica were collected from pluse trees from Balsamand Research Area and nearby places. The seeds of trees species were separated as large, medium and small on visual basis and measure its test weight, seed length, seed breadth and seed thickness and analyzed Germination percentage, Initiation of germination, Shoot length, Root length, Collar diameter, Fresh and Dry root and Shoot weight of seedlings and observed that large seeds of each tree species performed significantly better followed by medium than small seeds of all the tree species under studied

Water is critical resource in India for the development of agriculture, industry, power generation, livestock production and other activities in future. Lack of knowledge among the maize growers about the consequences of irrational use of water is mainly responsible for low water use efficiency at field level. A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019 under maize crop at the field irrigation laboratory, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Dr N. T. R. College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh State, India. The rainfall received during crop growing period of kharif 2018 was 303.4 mm and 537.5 mm during kharif, 2019. The initial soil physical and chemical properties of the experiment site were measured. The inline drip irrigation system was designed in split pot for the experiment with three irrigation levels (main plots) namely I1= 0.6 of the crop evapotranspiration, I2= 0.8 of the crop evapotranspiration and I3=1.0 of the crop evapotranspiration and four nitrogen levels ( sub plots) namely N1= Drip fertigation with 80% of recommended dose of nitrogen (CF), N2= Drip fertigation with 100% of recommended dose of nitrogen (CF), N3= Drip fertigation with 120% of recommended dose of nitrogen (CF) and N4= No drip fertigation (manual application) with 100% of recommended dose of nitrogen (CF) with three replications. The amount of crop water requirement of maize was estimated with computer software CROPWAT (v 8.0). The yield and water use efficiency of maize were estimated for both the seasons. During kharif, 2018 the highest grain yield of 6212 kg ha-1 was recorded in I3 which was on par with I2. The lowest grain yield of 4196 kg ha-1 was recorded at I1. During kharif, 2019 the highest grain yield of 6857 kg ha-1 was recorded in I2 which was on par with I3. The lowest grain yield of 4458 kg ha-1 was recorded at I1 (0.6 of the crop evapotranspiration). The highest WUE of 15.44 and 12.11 kg ha-1 mm-1 was obtained in I2N3 treatment during kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019 respectively. The lowest WUE of 10.10and 7.65 kg ha-1 mm-1 was obtained in I3N1 treatment during kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019 respectively.

To study the efficacy of different herbicides and mulches against weeds in chili, an experiment was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Mahrajpur, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) in the rabi season of 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design having three replications, and comprising of sixteen treatments. Chili variety ‘’JM-218’’ was selected for the experiment and sown in a plot size of 3.0 m x 2.0 m. All the treatments significantly affected the parameters of weed density m-2, dry weight biomass, yield components of chilies such as plant height, number of primary branches, number of fruits per plant, red ripe fruit yield and dry fruit yield. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + black polythene mulch resulted in the highest plant height (75.3 cm), number of primary branches per plant (15.66), number of fruits per plant (73.33), yield of red ripe fruit (134.7q/ha-1) and yield of dry fruit (22qha-1) followed by Pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + paddy straw mulch. Therefore, pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + black polythene mulch resulted as the most effective treatment in terms of weed suppression and yield enhancement of chili crop

The present study was conducted on small, medium and large size dairy farms in the peri-urban areas of District Hathras district, Uttar Pradesh. Thirty dairy farms owned by 10 farmers from each category were selected randomly to study the status of feeding management, housing management, health management of cow calves. The results showed that the diarrhoea disease infestation in cow calves was 81.33%. None of the farmers were a large number of them (43.33%) fed colostrums 3 to 5 hours and 36.67% after the expulsion of placenta. About 80% of dairy owners provided the cow calves with grain/fodder from 2 weeks to weaning age and 70% of dairy farms provide milk feeding 3-6 months. More than 80% farmers were not deworming the calves and a majority (33.33%) of these dairy owners did not consult a veterinarian for the treatment of sick calves. More than 40% farmers were not providing pacca house, 67.77% concrete shed, 25.66% pacca manager of these dairy owners. The study tended to show that Hathras dairy farms owners were not interested in rearing the male calves because they did not expect sizeable returns from their sale. Thus, there is an urgent need to interest these dairy owners to make calf rearing an economical proposition

The domestic production of pulses is consistently below the targets and actual domestic requirements are also higher, due to these pulses are being imported. The findings of the study revealed that the demonstrated technology recorded a mean yield of 5.85 qt/ha which was 25.07% higher than obtained with farmers’ practice (4.73 qt/ha). Higher mean net income of Rs. 12413 Rs/ha with a Benefit:Cost Ratio of 1.48 was obtained with improved technologies in comparison to farmers’ practices (Rs. 10116 /ha).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the organizational culture and organizational commitment of a sugar firm. The study used two instruments, one for measuring organizational culture originally developed by Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron (2006), and other for measuring organizational commitment developed by Meyer and Allen (1991). A convenient sample collection method was followed and data from 120 respondents were analyzed. The results of the study revealed that clan culture and market culture had significant relationship with all the components of organizational commitment. From the results it is observed that the case firm adopts the clan culture having affectively committed employees. This study also helps in determining the fact that, culture and commitment helps to improve the productivity and performance of the organizations

Rivers not always provide a safe and economical waterway for navigation due to their dynamic nature and human interference. Under such circumstances, some engineering practices may be used to make the river navigable. This research work is related to Tangri River whose channel is continuously changing due to geomorphic, climatic agents and human activities influence in surrounded region of the river. Change detection was carried out for the year 1996 and 2016 from LANDSAT images. Tangri river course has been changing over the years more towards the Ambala city, which leads to flood in settlement areas and also erodes the banks. The results also suggest that how the use of spur dykes can influence the flow at banks. This study can be used for flow management of Tangri River and to prevent flood or change of river course and property loss