The study was conducted in the states of India and Afghanistan to compare the exiting knowledge of wheat growing farmers on wheat production technologies. Two states from each country were selected for the study purposively representing both the countries for maximum wheat production. These were Punjab and Haryana from India and Herat and Nangarhar from Afghanistan. Hisar (Haryana), Mansa (Punjab) districts from India, Injil (Herat) and Behsood (Nangarhar) districts from Afghanistan were selected for the study. Three villages were selected randomly from each district and thereby a total number of twelve villages were selected for the data collection. 15 wheat growers from each village were selected randomly and total number of 180 wheat growers was selected to constitute a sample of the study. The data were collected through pre-tested structured interview schedule. Twelve important wheat production practices namely; recommended variety, time of sowing, preparation of land, seed rate, spacing, seed treatment, fertilizers, irrigation requirement, roguing, plant protection measure, harvesting/threshing and storage practices were studied for wheat production technology. Weighted mean score of knowledge on various practices in Afghanistan ranged from 1.45 to 2.38. The recommended practices having highest weighted mean score were roguing with rank I, followed by time of sowing with rank II, while weighted mean knowledge score of various practices of wheat production technology in India, ranged from 1.77 to 2.89. Recommended practices having highest weighted mean score were preparation of land with rank I, followed by time of sowing with rank II. Further it was observed that majority of the respondents had low knowledge level about mentioned wheat production technology of wheat in Afghanistan, while in India, majority of the respondents had medium knowledge level of recommended wheat production technology.

The Mustard variety RH-749 was spread in the district through Cluster Frontline Demonstration at farmers field in Muzaffarnagar district. The demonstrations conducted during last two years (2018 and 2019) under National Food Security Mission (NFSM), were considered for the study. The results indicate that adoption of this variety significantly increased due to higher productivity, more net return and resistance for Alternaria Blight and Rust.

For the success of India’s economic reforms, foreign trade has a pivotal role to play in the economic growth. Aquaculture, also referred to as ornamental fish culture is a promising alternative for employment and income generation in domestic and export markets. The study was taken up to analyze the economics of Aquaculture by applying alternative costing techniques such as cost-plus method in Nellore district during the period 2018-2019. The results revealed that about 44% of the farmers had Aquaculture as their primary occupation and the estimated total cost was Rs. 30,76,920 of which total variable cost and total fixed cost accounted for 67% and 33%, respectively. The benefit cost ratio on total cost and total variable cost bases were 1.35 and 2.03, respectively, indicating the profitability of the venture. While the mean mark-up by cost- plus method was the highest for Guppy, ordinary molly and sword tail (37.98%), net return was the highest for Cichlids (Rs. 23966.16). The estimated total cost function showed that the marginal costs were 38%, 29% and 23% lower than their average selling price for ordinary platy, guppy and ordinary molly, respectively, indicating the profitability in producing them more.

The Indian Tea industry is nearly 200 years old and acts as the major source of export earnings for India. Having favourable geographical and climatic condition for growing tea, India enjoys the position of being one of the largest producers and export of tea in the world. But there occur various obstacles for both rising global tea trade and Indian tea export. With increased competitiveness in global tea markets due to exports from other nations and raised domestic demand for tea Indian tea export has not increased although there is a rising trend in tea production. To assess the competitiveness of global tea trade, study the growth rate of the area, production and productivity of Indian Tea and assess the sustainability/stability of Indian tea export among the major tea importing countries the following study is conducted using two analyzes say, compound growth rate analysis and Markov Chain Analysis. It is observed from the study that India has the probability of retaining 23.5 percent of its export share of tea in the world market. India’s tea export to major importing countries and world tea export is forecasted till 2025.

Plastic pollution is a severe threat to the environment, and waste plastic can take several decades to degrade completely under environmental conditions. The present study deals with fuel oil production from mixed plastic wastes. The pyrolysis can be used to convert waste plastic to fuel oil. The moisture content, bulk density, calorific value, volatile matter and fixed carbon content of mixed plastic wastes were found to be 0.18%, 38 kg/m3, 40.98 MJ/kg, 97.6% and 0.5%, respectively. The reaction conditions may vary for different feedstock for better fuel oil yield. For process optimization, three reaction temperatures (400, 450, and 500°C) and four nitrogen gas flow rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 ml/min) were used in a pyrolytic reactor. Results showed that the maximum fuel oil yield was 84.35% at 450°C, and nitrogen flow rate of 10 ml/min. The minimum yield of fuel oil was 54.60% at 400°C, and nitrogen flow rate of 20 ml/min. The cost of the fuel oil produced from mixed plastic waste in the reactor was arrived to be Rs. 51.56/- per liter. The fuel properties of fuel oil produced from plastic wastes were on par with diesel fuel.

The present study was carried out to find out the knowledge levels on Animal husbandry related activities among the dairy farmers in adopted villages who have been receiving regular guidance and technical support from KVK, Banavasi, Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 120 farmers from 3 mandals were selected using simple random sampling method and a series of questions covering aspects like breeding, feeding, health care and clean milk production were administered and knowledge levels were recorded. From the study it was revealed that majority of the beneficiaries (63.67%) had medium level of knowledge about selected animal husbandry practices followed by low level of knowledge category (19.67%). However, 16.66 percent of the beneficiaries were in the high level knowledge category. It could be concluded that most of the beneficiaries had medium knowledge about animal husbandry practices.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017 to study effect of nitrogen management treatments on growth, yield, quality, economics, soil and plant quality of bidi tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) nursery at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications and twelve nitrogen management treatments. Among different inorganic nitrogen management treatments, RDN + Foliar spray Urea 2.0% at 30 DAS was found superior. Among organic nitrogen management treatments, 75% RDN + Foliar spray Vermiwash 2.0% at 30 DAS or 75% RDN + Foliar spray Cow urine 1.0% at 30 DAS were found effective.

Kepok bananas have high economic value because of their delicious taste and high sugar content. The success of banana propagation with in vitro method is strongly influenced by the growing medium and the addition of growth regulators. The purpose of this research is to determine the appropriate media and the best concentration of growth regulators. The method of this research uses 2 factors complete randomized design, namely the media type (Murashige & Skoog, B5 Media and ½ MS Media + vitamin B5) and ZPT (NAA 0.5; 1.5;2.0 ppm & BA 1;2;3 ppm). The data obtained is analyzed for their diversity at 5% level. Then, the researchers conduct further tests using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The result shows that there is an interaction in the treatment of Murashige & Skoog media and NAA 1.5 ppm + BAP 3 ppm on the parameters when sprout is growing. The researchers also find that Murashige, Skoog, and B5 media are the best media for the number of sprouts, number of leaves and fresh weight of plantlets.

Neolamarckia cadamba commonly known as kadam, it is a large, tall, handsome, deciduous sometime evergreen or semi-evergreen tree, with a straight, cylindrical bole and a disciplined crown of horizontal spreading branches which are more or less whorled. In recent years, Kadam (Neolamarckia cadamba) wood is in great demand for multifaceted use. With increase in demand for consumption, the Kadam cultivation is being encouraged by many wood industries. Deriving of yield prediction model for fast growing and high yielding Kadam would help the farming community to easily predict the yield. The present study was design to develop the growth and yield prediction models of Neolamarckia cadamba plantations in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu. Different age gradations of plantations were used for the study. Biometric parameters were collected on each plantation such as girth and diameter by using measuring tape and Haga altimeter respectively. The study results concluded that the yield of Kadam plantations in Western Zone was highly significant. In the regression analysis, 2004 plantation of Thondamuthur which was having high R2 (0.986) value, it reveals that the performance of Neolamarckia cadamba plantation was high than all plantations in Western Zone. Regarding the yield prediction model using SPSS, EXCEL and MINITAB, it was concluded that Quadratic model Y = 12.59x2 + 0.040x - 0.016 with R2 of 0.986 (X = Diameter) was highly suitable for all the plantations in Western Zone. Through this yield model tree growing farmer can able to find their plantation present productivity and profitability at any point of time. Normally yield table is inflexible for change. But here the problem is addressed by using yield prediction model.