Prosopis cineraria commonly known as Khejri, a tree legume plays an important role in the socio-economic development of rural community. The traditional Khejri based agroforestry systems were assessed for phyto-sociology and crop production. Phyto-sociology of Khejri based agroforstry systems in terms the frequency, density, basal area and importance value index (IVI) of tree species of woody vegetation and production of wheat (Triticum aestivum), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum) was studied in arid (Rajasthan) and semi-arid (Haryana) regions of northwest India. The frequency of Khejri was the highest (100%) and its IVI ranged between 183 to 223 showing that Khejri was highly dominant tree species in agricultural fields in this region. The other woody species were Dalbergia sissoo, Tecomella undulata, Acacia tortilis, Capparis aphylla and Prosopis juliflora. The growth and yield of all crop’s underneath Khejri were significantly (P<0.05) higher as compared to fields devoid of trees.

The plants are commonly growing in Uttara Kannada District area were selected to study and document the status and to know preferred hosts or non preferred host plants for the K.lacca(Kerr). 35 species were selected, among them 26 species were forest tree species and 8 species were agricultural crops. The experiment was carried out in Polyhouse College of Forestry, Sirasi during Kharif 2015-16. Experiment was carried out in CRD design, replicated thrice.

On farm trial related to late sown wheat varieties NW -2036 and K -9423 against farmer practice (uncertified variety) has been conducted at five locations in district Lakhimpur-Kheri during 2011-12 to 2013-14. The crop was grown under sugarcane base cropping system. The data (mean of three years) clearly revealed that effective tiller/m2 191.00, yield 4.27 (t/ha), net return 0.35266 (Rs. Lakh/ha) and per cent increase in net return 48.71% were found under treatment T-3(wheat variety NW 2036). This variety performs well on farmer’s field and fitted under sugarcane-wheat cropping system. The grain was semi hard, amber and smaller grains and fetches good price on account of good quality as feedback given by the farmers. In district Lakhimpur-Kheri horizontal spread of the technology from 4 ha to 1270 ha (2018-19).

Knowledge is one of the key factors which differentiate the people from others. Information and communication technology provide proper knowledge and information to the farmers which will enhance the farming activities in agriculture. The data for Strength Weakness Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis about the information and communication technology was collected from the experts those who had experiences in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related activities of agriculture. Information technology in agriculture has a wide spectrum which caters the dissemination of information to the upliftment of the farmers. There are various strength factors to improve the dissemination of information technology in agriculture. Study reveals that the dominant parameters under weakness and threats such as ‘the lack of expertise among farming community in using IT resources’ and ‘low level of e-literacy’ hold back the effective utilization of ICT in agriculture sector. The successful implementation of information technology in agriculture depends upon the judicious use of the strategies which should minimize the weakness and threat and maximize the internal strength and opportunities for using the ICT.

The present study was on the socio-economic profile and communication behaviour of tribal farmers of Jashpur district, Chhattisgarh. The total geographical area of district is 645741 ha. in which 341131 ha of land come under agriculture. According to census survey, 2011 the total population of the district is 851669. Out of which, 424747 are males and 426922 are females. The average sex ratio is 1005 of the districts. Out of total population, 62.30 percent come under tribal community. Oraon, Kanwar, Nagesia, Gond, Korwa, Birhor, Munda and Khadiya are major tribes of the district. Rice is a major crop covering about 177.632 thousand ares in kharif (rainy season) in the district. The study revealed that majority of the 64.17 percent tribal farmers were having belonged to medium socio-economic status. So, there is to be made proper strategy with the help of Rural Agriculture Extension Officers (RAEOs) at village level for vegetable cultivation, dairy and goat keeping along with improved rice cultivation technology so that farmers could be enhanced their socio-economic status. Similarly, 51.67 percent tribal farmers were having medium communication behaviour. It means there should be prepared programme with proper time so that farmers utilize more communication facilities for enhance their communication behaviour.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is being significantly used for rural development particularly for agriculture activities. The increased applications of ICT for information dissemination in agriculture development not only achieve the betterment of people engaged in agriculture activities but also the overall development of rural areas. In the present study, the level of access of various ICT media among farmers in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala were examined. Among the various media, farmers have greater access in print, mass media, extension services and mobile while their access to internet and agri portal services is very low. The access of ICT media is significantly higher among young and educated farmers. Overall, the regression model reveals that the variables viz. age, education level, digital literacy and possession of information media significantly influence the access to information among the farmers.

A review on ‘Pig cum duck cum fish cum horticultural enterprise farming system approach was carried out in the year 2015-16 and 2016-17 in the demonstration unit at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Pakur, located at Maheshpur, Jharkhand working under the jurisdiction of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. The main objective of this approach was to analyze the Benefit Cost Ratio of the components undertaken in that area to minimize the risk and to get maximum production through recycling process and using less external input. It was a kind of attempt to transfer the technology among farmers of Pakur so that they can easily be convinced with the complementary and supplementary aspects of enterprises added in Integrated Farming System. This unit of farming system is congenial to the socio-economic perspective of tribals (Santhals and Paharias) of Pakur. The unit occupying 0.72 ha area of a pond, a unit of pig, ducks and 400 m2 area was meant for the vegetables on the bund of the pond. Leafy Vegetables and Cucurbits are grown in autumn-summer. Here, gourds were trailed in a height of 5 feet on trellis whereas the leafy vegetables were sown under it. Along with growing vegetables, seedlings of tomato, brinjal and other vegetables were raised in nursery of 200 m2 area. Leguminous fodders were also sown on bunds and towards outer slopes of pond as a feed for pigs. ‘Youth and Women’, the most potential group of this tribal district need this model to see and adopt in their small farms. This On Station model of Integrated farming system at KVK, Pakur is self-expressed and very much helpful for capacity building as ‘SEEING IS BELIEVING’ for farmers of Pakur district motivating them to adopt.

For enhancing biological yield in pigeonpea to gain economic benefits, basic information on genetics, inheritance of yield and its component characters are essential to determine the most efficient breeding approaches. The genetic components of ten yield related traits were studied by generation mean analysis, using six generations P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of five crosses. Through additive-dominance model for the inheritance of characters, ‘‘Scaling’’ and ‘‘Joint scaling test’’ were found significant for most the characters. Frequencies of positive and negative alleles were distributed among parents. For most of the traits studied Dominance × Dominance (l) inter-allelic interactions were found more prominent than Additive × Additive (i) type, suggested that the performance of recurrent selection could be effective. Duplicate gene action was observed among many traits with few exhibiting complementary gene actions. Heritability and genetic advance both were indicated that a large proportion of the phenotypic variance was due to non-genetic effects. The observed dominance effects along with additive effects could be effective in selection of high yielding transgressive segregants in breeding program.

The farmers rearing dairy cows are feeding various fodder crops and crop residue and concentrate feed available with them to Identify the feeding pattern this study was under taken, in Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu. The study revealed that majority of the farmers in this area are feeding Co4 cultivated fodder and rice gruel waste water during all seasons and in the all the lactation period 8-10%. Further, they allot some lands for cultivation of Co4 fodder crops to their dairy cows as green fodder feeding to reduce the milk production cost.

The study was conducted in Orchha block of Niwari district of Madhya Pradesh. The block consists of 34 villages, out of which six villages were selected randomly. From each village, 20 respondents were selected. Thus, the data was collected from 120 respondents. The main aim of this study was to know the listening behaviour and preference of listeners regarding agricultural programmes broadcast by Radio Bundelkhand. Data were collected personally with the help of structured interview schedule. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The qualitative data were converted into quantitative form by giving suitable scores. The findings of the study revealed that majority of Radio Bundelkhand listeners were having medium listening behaviour. As far as preference about agricultural programmes was concerned, majority of the listeners preferred live interaction programmes followed by agricultural success stories (68.33%), interview with farmers (65.00%), quiz/ question and answer (60.83%) and expert talk (60.83%), disseminating agricultural information by the folk artists (60.00%), music (50.00%), progressive farmers talks (45.00%) and dramas (35.00%).

The study was carried out in four vulnerable districts to flood of Assam to assess the relevance of farm information sources and the level of knowledge about CSA practices introduced under the NICRA project. All total 400 participant farmers were selected by following proportionate random sampling methods. Appropriate statistical methods are used for analysis and interpretation of data. The findings revealed that most respondents (60 percent) had a medium level of relevance to farm information sources. At the same time, the “peer group” was ranked as first followed by “progressive farmers” as the second rank and “AEA” as the third rank in terms of relevancy among the ten different sources of farm information with mean score 4.76, 4.43 and 3.32 respectively. The findings of the knowledge level of respondents on selected CSA practices viz. vermicompost preparation and application (VC), integrated nutrient management (INM), minimum tillage (MT) integrated pest management (IPM), and stress tolerance varieties (STVs) were found the medium level for majority respondents ranging in between 64 percent to 76 percent. Local sources of information were found to be more critical, and hence, the two-step communication flow model might be more appropriate for advisory services in vulnerable areas to flooding. NICRA’s intervention might be to help farmers in enhancing knowledge about CSA practices, and there is a scope to further improve the knowledge of farmers by putting more such efforts.

The large number of farmers in India depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood. In addition to supplying milk, meat, eggs, wool and hides that also getting additional income. Thus, animal husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy. In Rajasthan, agricultural and livestock management operations are generally performed by farm women. They clean the animals and animal shed, arrange feed and water for them. Hence, to understand the participation of farm women in different areas of animal husbandry, the present study was carried out in Karauli district which is comprised of five tehsils, out of which three tehsil Hindaun, Todabhim, Nadauti were selected purposely. Six revenue villages selected randomly, two from each tehsil. A sample of size 140 farm women (respondents) was selected by using a random sampling method. The data was collected by an interview schedule. The study findout that the participation of tribal farm women in different organization mostly was in Mahila Vikas Samiti with 85.71 MPS. Regarding participation in extension contacts, they kept highly contact with friends & relatives with 85.71 MPS. In respect of participation of farm tribal women in general aspects of animal husbandry activities, they were highly participated in the selection of milch animals with 92.85 MPS. The most of time spent by tribal farm women in cleaning of animal shed with 90.74 MPS.