Coconut Water is a gift of nature which is the first soft drink in the world. Coconut Water is a natural isotonic beverage which has almost the same level of electrolyte balance as in our blood. The study is conducted in potential markets of packed tender coconut water in India. RBQ technique is used for analysis of the data and results showed that the major source of awareness among consumers is Advertisement.

Modelling is the best tool to optimize the different combinations and to select the best combination. Using computer models, best solution or scenario can optimize by creating model with real conditions. In this study, three dimensional finite difference modelling program namely Visual MODFLOW applied to Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal Command area to simulate the groundwater dynamics. The Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal (NSRC) Command area is located between 15°18΄-16°49΄ North latitudes and 79°20΄-80°25΄ East longitudes. The net area irrigated under Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal is 4.75 lakh ha. The aquifer properties of various layers, boundary conditions, observation and pumping well data, recharge and evapotranspiration conditions were fed in to the model as inputs. The model was calibrated and validated to predict the groundwater dynamics in future. Model calibration was performed under steady state and transient state conditions as the good agreement between observed and calculated groundwater levels with acceptable statistic measures. Validation of the model was carried out and found good agreement between observed and calculated groundwater levels with acceptable statistic measures. The calibrated and validated groundwater model can be used to evaluate the impact of various possible scenarios with change in land use land cover on the groundwater flow system of the study area for planning, monitoring and maintaining sustainable groundwater resources in the study area. The output of the developed model could be used for further groundwater modelling studies in the study area.

Present study was conducted to assess hepatotoxicity as well as nephrotoxicity of low dose oral exposure of deltamethrin in 90 Swiss Albino male mice. The pesticide dissolved in groundnut oil was administered through oral route for 15, 30 and 60 days at three dose levels of 0.5mg/kg b.wt., 1.0 mg/kg b.wt. and 1.5 mg/kg b.wt. after completion of experimental trials , mice were sacrifices and liver as well and renal tissues were examined for histopathological alterations. As deltamethrin isd a lipophilic synthetic pyrethroid, the accumulation in liver and kidneys has led to various toxicological effects in the tissues in terms of congestion of renal blood vessel, necrosis of hepatic tissues and degeneration of Bowman’s capsule.

On farm demonstrations were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kadapa in sole rabi chickpea growing areas under black soils with objective of doubling net returns of the farmers by introducing short duration cereal crop as a catch crop instead of keeping the land fallow during kharif season. KVK scientists demonstrated short duration (75 days), drought tolerant foxtail millet var. suryanandi as preceding crop to rabi chickpea for three consecutive years i.e., 2013-14, 2014-15 & 2015-16 in farmer’s fields through participatory approach. The demo farmer’s realized additional average yield of 1800 kg ha-1with net returns of Rs. 19,400/- ha-1from foxtail millet apart from dry fodder to their cattle which limiting under rainfed situations. The relay bengalgram was sown during II F.N of October without any deviation in optimum window. From the pooled analysis of three years, 52.4 percent higher gram equivalent yield (2632 kg ha-1) was recorded in foxtail millet-chickpea cropping sequence demonstration compared with farmer’s practice of sole rabi chickpea. The adoption of Foxtail millet-bengalgram sequence doubled the net returns (Rs.51, 400/- ha-1) than farmer’s practice of sole rabi bengalgram (Rs.24,000/- ha-1) and cropping intensity also doubled apart from fodder security to their cattle under rainfed black soils farming situation of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India.

The experiment was conducted during the year 2016 and 2017 at the Instructional-cum-Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. The present investigations were conducted on five pruning time i.e. 15th May, 15th June, 15th July, 15th August, 15th Sept. and no pruning (control) and seven different genotypes such as RHR-Guv-58, RHR-Guv-60, RHR-Guv-14, RHR-Guv-16, RHR-Guv-3, RHR-Guv-6 and Sardar. The results revealed that the maximum height of plant (2.42 m), number of shoots per plant (140.29), length of shoot (82.17 cm) and girth of shoot (1.86 cm) was recorded in G1 (Sardar). The significantly minimum time required for initiation of new shoots (24.00 days) was observed in Sardar with 15th May pruning time.

The present study was conducted during 2018-19 in Chickaballapura district of Karnataka to analyse the livelihood security of the farmers practicing different farming systems. From Chickaballapura district two taluks were considered i.e., Gowribidanur and Sidlaghatta. Major farming systems in each taluk were identified after thorough discussion with extension professionals of line departments and interaction with farmers and two predominant farming systems were selected from each taluk i.e., ‘maize+dairy’ and ‘maize+dairy+horticulture’ farming systems from Gowribidanuru taluk and ‘sericulture+dairy’ and ‘sericulture+dairy+horticulture’ farming systems from Sidlaghatta taluk. For each farming system 30 respondents were selected, hence the total sample size was 120. A comprehensive scale was developed to measure livelihood security of the farmers practicing different farming systems. The study revealed that, in ‘maize+dairy’ farming system, nearly half (66.66 %) of the farmers belonged to poor level of livelihood security. In ‘maize+dairy+horticulture’ farming system, two-fifth (40.00 %) of the farmers belonged to average level of livelihood security. In ‘sericulture+dairy’ farming system, two-fifth (40.00 %) of the farmers belonged to better level of livelihood security. In case of ‘sericulture+dairy+horticulture’ farming system, more than half (53.33 %) of the farmers belonged to average level of livelihood security. Furthermore, the results also showed that, there is a significant difference between livelihood security of farmers practicing ‘maize+dairy’ and ‘maize+dairy+horticulture’ farming systems at 1 per cent level of significance. The U (1.02) value indicated that, there is a significant difference between livelihood security of farmers practicing ‘sericulture+dairy’ and ‘sericulture+dairy+horticulture’ at 1 per cent level of significance. The Chi-square value (29.60) value indicates there is a significant difference between livelihood security of the farmers practicing ‘maize+dairy’,‘maize+dairy+horticulture’,‘sericulture+dairy’ and ‘sericulture+dairy+horticulture’. It was observed that ‘sericulture+dairy’ practicing farmers have better livelihood security than other farmers.