STUDY ON SCREEN VIEWING PATTERN AND ITS OUTCOMES IN RELATION TO HEALTHY EATING, BODY COMPOSITION INDICES AND COGNITION AMONG ADOLESCENTS

AYUSHI GUPTA¹, SONIKA SHARMA²*, DEEPIKA VIG³, KHUSHDEEP DHARNI^4
1Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
²Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
³Professor and Head, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
⁴Professor, School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
* Corresponding Author : drsonika@pau.edu

Received : 03-03-2022     Accepted : 27-03-2022     Published : 30-03-2022
Volume : 14     Issue : 3       Pages : 11172 - 11177
Int J Agr Sci 14.3 (2022):11172-11177

Keywords : Screen viewing, Healthy Eating Index, BMI, Attention span, Reasoning ability
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Authors are thankful to Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
Author Contribution : All authors equally contributed

Screen viewing has increased over the years and its association with overall nutritional status and cognitive development has been supported with little casual evidences. The duration of watching screens (TV, mobile phones, gaming screens and computers) was more than six hours a day by all the adolescents aged 16-18 years randomly selected from Punjab. Among different categories the adolescents from rural background, adolescents studying in private schools and mostly boys were viewing the screens more as compared to their counterparts. Consequently, these groups reported higher BMI, poor healthy eating index and lower attention span and reasoning ability. The HEI of all the adolescents needed improvement as it was lying in the range of 51-80. Higher screen-usage was positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with HEI score, attention span and reasoning ability

1. Ying Ying C., Awaluddin S.M., Kuay L.K., Man C.S., Baharudin A., Yn L.M., Sahril N., Omar M.A., Ahmad N.A. and Ibrahim N. (2021) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 168-180.
2. Mougharbel F., Valois D. D., Lamb M., Buchholz A., Obeid N., Flament M. and Goldfield G. S. (2020) Public Health Nutrition, 23, 3336-3345.
3. Scarabottolo C. C., Pinto R. Z., Oliveira C. B., Zanuto E. F., Cardoso J. R. and Christofaro D. G. D. (2017) European Spine Journal, 26,2274-2280.
4. Policy Statement. Policy statement media education. American Academy of Pediatric, Pediatrics, 2010, 29, 959-966.
5. Swing E. L., Gentile D. A., Anderson C. A. and Walsh D. A. (2010) Pediatrics ,126, 214-221.
6. Tiggemann M.and Slater A. (2013) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46, 630-633.
7. Houghton S., Hunter S. C., Rosenberg M., Wood L., Zadow C., Martin K. and Shilton T. (2015) BMC Public Health, 15, 1-11.
8. Kaur G. (2014) Diet Cal- a tool for dietary assessment and planning, AIIMS, New Delhi.
9. ICMR- NIN (2020) Recommended Dietary Allowances and Estimated Average Requirements Nutrient Requirements for Indians, National Institution of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad.
10. USDA (2015) Healthy eating index. Available from URL: https: //www.fns.usda.gov/ resource/healthy-eating-index-hei.
11. Brickenkamp R. (1962) Test d2: Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test. [The D2 test of Attention] (1 edition). Germany, Göttingen: Hogrefe.
12. Qualitative Aptitude/ Reasoning test, Problem Solving Assessment (PSA). (2015) NCERT help: 228-248. CBSE, New Delhi
13. Dubey M., Nongkynrih B., Gupta S. K., Kalaivani M., Goswami A. K. and Salve H. R. (2018) Journal of family medicine and primary care, 7, 1236-1242.
14. Guo J., Zhu Y., Fang L., Zhang B., Liu D., Fu M. and Wang X. (2020) Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1, 123-127.
15. Pombeiro M. F., de Matos M. G. and Alves J. (2017) Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, 31, 275-281.
16. Masthi N. N., Pruthvi S. and Mallekavu P.A. (2017) Journal of Psychiatry, 18, 206-215.
17. Walsh J. J., Barnes J. D., Tremblay M. S. and ChaputJ. P. (2020) Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 106312-20.
18. Lizandra J., Devís-Devís J., Pérez-Gimeno E., Valencia-Peris A. and Peiró-Velert C. (2016) PloSone, 11, e0153272.
19. Tian Y., Qin N., Cao S. and Gao F. (2021) Addiction Research & Theory, 29, 98-110.
20. Al A., Sayyari, F. and Buhairan Al. (2018) Drug and alcohol dependence, 191, 174-180.
21. Ten Velde G., Lubrecht J., Arayess L., Loo C., Hesselink M., Reijnders D. and Vreugdenhil A. (2021) Pediatric Obesity, e12779.
22. Meyer J., McDowell C., Lansing J., Brower C., Smith L., Tully M. and Herring M. (2020) International journal of environmental research and public health, 17, 1-13.
23. Teixeira M. T., Vitorino R. S., da Silva J. H., Raposo L. M., de Aquino L. A. and RibasS. A. (2021) J. Hum. Nutr. Diet., 34, 670–678.
24. Pietrobelli A., Pecoraro L., Ferruzzi A., Heo M., Faith M., Zoller T., Antoniazzi F., Piacentini G.N., Fearnbach S. and Heymsfield S. B. (2020) Obesity, 28, 1382-1385.
25. Jia P., Zhang L., Yu W., Yu B., Liu M., Zhang D. and Yang S. (2021) International Journal of Obesity, 45, 695-699.
26. Premkumar S. and Ramanan P. V. (2019) Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 23, 289-292.
27. Dutt V., Joshi N. and Kumar M. (2020) International Journal of Research and Review, 7, 168-172.
28. Tebar W.R., Christofaro D. G., Diniz T. A., Lofrano-Prado M. C., Botero J. P., Correia M. D. A., Cucato G. G., Ritti-Dias R. M. and Prado W. L. D. (2021) Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 78-84.
29. Biddle S. J. H., GarciaE. B., Pedisic Z., Bennie J., Vergeer I. and Wiesner G. (2017) Current obesity reports, 6, 134-147.
30. Kenney E. L. and Gortmaker S. L. (2017) The Journal of Pediatrics, 182, 144-149.
31. ICMR (2010) Nutrient requirement and recommended dietary allowances for Indians, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad.
32. Murakami K., Shinozaki N., Livingstone M. B. E., Fujiwara A., Asakura K., Masayasu S.and Sasaki S. (2020) British Journal of Nutrition, 124, 1219-1228.
33. Unisa S., Saraswat A., Bhanot A., Jaleel A., Parhi R. N., Bhattacharjee S., Purty A., Rath S., Mohapatra B., Lumba A. and Sinha S. (2020) Journal of Biosocial Science, 53, 663-682.
34. Madhari R. S., Boddula S., Ravindranadh P., Jyrwa Y. W., Boiroju N. K., Pullakhandam R., Mamidi R. S., Nimmathota A., Kulkarni B. and Thingnganing L. (2020) Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16, e13065.
35. Kumar A. (2020) Nutritional assessment of adolescents in village Bassian, tehsil Raikot, district Ludhiana, Punjab. Ph.D.dissertation, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
36. Kumari R., Bharti R. K., Singh K., Sinha A., Kumar S., Saran A. and Kumar U. (2017) Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 11, 4-6.
37. Santivañez-Romani A., Carbajal-Vega V. and Pereyra-Elías R. (2018) International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 33.
38. Konwar P., Vyas N., Hossain S. S., Gore M. N. and Choudhury M. (2019) Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 44, 238-242.
39. Ratsavong K., Elsacker T. V., Doungvichit D., Siengsounthone L., Kounnavong S. and Essink D. (2020) Nutrition Journal, 19, 1-16.
40. Sen R.and Lakhawat D. S. (2018) International Journal of Home Science, 4, 156-158.
41. Ganpule-Rao A. V., Roy D., Karandikar B. A., Yajnik C.S. and Rush E.C. (2020) American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 58, 728-735.
42. Wolfson J. A., Leung C. W. and Richardson C. R. (2020) Public Health Nutrition, 23, 2384-2394.
43. Shankaranarayanan K. and Miketinas D. (2020) Current Developments in Nutrition, 4, 278.
44. Isgin?Atici K., Kanbur N., Akgül S. and Buyuktuncer Z. (2020) Nutrition & Dietetics, 77, 351-358.
45. Vyncke K. E., Libuda L., De Vriendt T., Moreno L. A., Van Winckel M., Manios Y., Gottrand F., Molnar D., Vanaelst B., Sjöström M. and González-Gross M. (2012) British Journal of Nutrition, 108, 2261-2273.
46. Firth J., Torous J., Stubbs B., Firth J.A., Steiner G.Z., Smith L., Alvarez?Jimenez M., Gleeson J., Vancampfort D., Armitage C.J. andSarris J. (2019) World Psychiatry,18, 119-129.
47. Cadenas-Sanchez C., Vanhelst J., Ruiz J. R., Castillo-Gualda R., Libuda L., Labayen I., Miguel-Etayo P., Marcos A., Molnar E., Catena A. and Moreno L. A. (2017) Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20, 373-379.
48. Chen P., Wang D., Shen H., Yu L., Gao Q., Mao L., Jiang F., Luo Y., Xie M., Zhang Y. and Feng L. (2020) Journal of Sports Medicine, 54, 1321-1331.
49. Garcia-Conde M. G., Marin L., Maya S. R. D. and Cuestas J. P. (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 7885-7896.
50. Kaur M. (2018) M.Sc. thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
51. Parad M., Kajale N., Vartak V. and Khadilkar A. V. (2019) The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 86, 790-796.
52. Horowitz?Kraus T.and Hutton J. S. (2018) Actapaediatrica, 107, 685-693
53. Dekkers T. J., Huizenga H. M., Popma A., Bexkens A., Zadelaar J. N. and Jansen B. R. (2020) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48, 495-510.
54. Burr S. M., Lonardo D. and Le Fevre J. (2020) Learning and Individual Differences, 77, 101808
55. Celen F. N., Bayram S. and Sezer E. (2020) World Nutrition,11, 10-21.
56. Haverkamp B. F., Wiersma R., Vertessen K., Ewijk H. V., Oosterlaan J. and Hartman E. (2020) Journal of Sports Sciences, 38, 2637-2660.
57. Gupta K. and Dharni K. (2016) Nutrition and Food Science, 46, 441-456.
58. Lissak G. (2018) Environmental Research, 164, 149-157.