ISSN : 0975-3710
EISSN : 0975-9107
R. DAS1*, B.N. TIWARY2
1Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Centre of Excellence for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai, 600095, India
2Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
* Corresponding Author : reenadas.08@gmail.com
Received : 20-06-2020 Accepted : 24-09-2020 Published : 30-09-2020
Volume : 12 Issue : 18 Pages : 10199 - 10206
Int J Agr Sci 12.18 (2020):10199-10206
Keywords : Bioremediation, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Biostimulation, Bioaugmentation, Biosurfactants
Academic Editor : Dr Lawal Mohammad Anka, Dr Pramod Kumar Mishra, Shripad Bhat
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Authors are thankful to Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India. Authors are also thankful to Dhan Prakash, Technical Assistant, IMTECH, Chandigarh, for scientific inputs.
Author Contribution : All authors equally contributed
Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by the means of microorganisms is a favourable approach over physical removal methods owing to their ubiquitous nature. Enhanced bioremediation, i.e., the use of a patented combination of microorganisms, surfactants, and emulsifiers, break the contaminant down into tiny pieces, which can then be surrounded by enzymes and quickly digested. In situ bioremediation techniques involving processes like biostimulation, bioaugmentation and intrinsic bioremediation do not require excavation of the contaminated soils, so is less expensive, create less dust, and cause less release of contaminants than ex situ techniques. Abiotic factors such as structure of the hydrocarbons, temperature, physical state of the pollutant, salinity and pressure and oxygen content are known to affect the rate of degradation. Also, many biotic factors viz., chemotactic attraction of microorganisms towards pollutants, production of biosurfactants, formation of biofilms have been affirmed to augment the process of degradation. Hydrocarbons interact with the soil matrix and the microorganisms present in the vicinity, determining the fate of the contaminant relative to its chemical nature and microbial degradative capabilities. Degradation can be monitored by measuring the changes occurred over time in concentration of the hydrocarbons and by the increase/decrease in the number of microorganisms present in the vicinity. This review presents an overview of techniques employed in treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites by the means of bioremediation and the factors affecting it.
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