Soil microorganisms constitute the largest section of living things with varying potential in its habitat, biochemical, physiological processes and nutritional characteristics. They play an important role in remediation, biomedicine, environmental and agricultural area. Current trends in agriculture are focused on reduction of the use of chemical fertilizers and use of alternative ways to improve crop yield in a sustainable manner. JHK2 showed the maximum activity with 60 kg K2O ha-1 and it was at par with the activity of BRG 6. The experimental treatments had a significant impact on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity. When K was applied @ 60 kg K2O ha-1, the urease activity of JHK2 and JHG11 was at par to each other. Application of 40 kg K2O ha-1 of K, APN7 and RJJ4 resulted similar activities. Increasing the level from 20 to 60 kg K2O ha-1, RJJ 4 was found maximum activity. When K was applied @ 40 kg K2O ha-1, RJJ 4 and JHG 11 showed similar activity and 14.63% higher activity than control. In the entire crop period, the alkaline phosphatase activity increased initially at 30 DAS and then declined with the age of the crop

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections share the same routes of transmission and are both endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Proper management of these infections require reliable diagnosis of co-infected patients. We aimed to assess the magnitude of HBV infection in treatment-naïve HIV infected patients in Cotonou. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2014 to January 2015 on consecutively recruited treatment-naïve HIV infected patients attending the National Reference Center for Research and Management of HIV infection. Blood was collected from each patient for detecting HBs antigen (HBs Ag) by ELISA, HIV viral load, HBV viral load and CD4 counts. In total, 133 patients were included with a mean age of 38.3 years and a male to female ratio of 1.0:2.0. HBs Ag was positive in 15 (11.3%) of the patients while HBV viral load was detected in 52 (39.1%). The rate of occult hepatitis B (OBI) e.g. negative HBs Ag but positive HBV viral load was 27.8%. Patients with OBI were more likely to have low HBV viral load (p < 0.001) than those without OBI. In conclusion, the prevalence of OBI is high among treatment-naïve HIV infected patients in Cotonou. Universal access to molecular tests is needed in the country to detect HBV infection in these patients.