Background: Indwelling urinary catheters are commonly used for bladder drainage during hospital care. The most common complication is infection. Urinary tract infections account for about 40% of hospital- acquired (nosocomial) infections, and about 66-86% of these are associated with urinary catheters. The growing antibiotic resistance amongst the uropathogen isolated from CAUTI making difficult for its management. The study was aimed to find out rate of CAUTI and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: During daily rounds infection control nurse collects all the demographic data from the catheterized patients. It is scrutinized for the signs and symptoms as per CDC criteria for confirmation as CAUTI and urine samples are sent. Results: The rate of CAUTI was 4.9 per 1000 catheterized days in the present study. The most common uropathogen was E. coli followed by K. pneumoniae, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species in the present study. Conclusion: The present study showed that if strict infection control practices are observed it is possible to reduce the rates of CAUTI. This study showed moderate to high resistance in uropathogens which is a concern for all. The CAUTI care bundle implementation helps in reducing the rates remarkably.

Asparaginase isolated from muddy soil, collected from cancer hospital garden and some other places of Gwalior. L-Asparaginases have been used as an anti-tumor agent for the effective treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and food processing and reduce the acrylamide formation during frying of starchy food at high temperature. In the present study, we isolate bacteria (producing asparaginase enzyme) strains from soil. The isolated bacteria were screened for L-Asparaginase producing using M-9 medium on the basis of pink zone formation. An enzyme isolated from the bacterium Escherichia coli or Erwinia carotovora with anti-leukemic activity. L-Asparaginase are hydrolyzed into L-aspartic acid and ammonia in leukemic cells, resulting in the depletion of asparagine, inhibition of protein synthesis, cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and apoptosis in susceptible leukemic cell populations. The Erwinia carotovora -derived form of asparaginase is typically reserved for case. At present, the principal source of L-asparaginase for clinical trials is the bacteria E. coli; several other alternative sources are screen for production of large quantities of L-asparaginase then E. coli.

Background: Surgical Site Infections SSIs remain a major cause of morbidity and death among the operated patients and continue to represent about a fifth of all healthcare-associated infections. In the developed countries, SSI has been reported to affect from 5% to 15% of hospitalized patients. The study was aimed to find out SSI rate, its risk factors its aetiology and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: During daily rounds infection control nurse collects all the details from the post-operative patients. It is scrutinized for the signs and symptoms as per CDC criteria for confirmation SSI and pus or swab a sample are sent to Microbiology laboratory for isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: The rate of SSI was in the present study. The most common bacteria were E. coli followed by K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in the present study. Conclusion: The present study showed that active Surveillance of surgical site infections with feedback to surgeons would be desirable to reduce SSI rates also if strict infection control practices and SSI care bundle are observed it is possible to reduce the rates of SSI. This study showed moderate to high resistance in pathogens which is a concern for all.

Background: Resistance though a natural phenomenon of microbes, has seen an increase in prevalence and spread over the years largely due to inappropriate use of antibiotics both in health facilities and the community. The present study was conducted to know the usage of antibiotics and the adherence to antibiotic policy in a chronic health care setting. Methods: Antibiotic usage monitoring and the adherence to the antibiotic policy was done by the survey based on the predetermined criteria. All the indoor patients on antibiotics were monitored till the antibiotic was stopped on daily basis. The monthly analysis was done. Results: The major gaps in starting the antibiotic therapy without the culture and sensitivity testing done and hence the awareness to escalate and deescalate was also less. Conclusion: The present study has shown that Antibiotic usage monitoring has direct relationship to the Antimicrobial resistance development. Hence Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme to optimize antimicrobial therapy administered to patients and to reduce the antimicrobial resistance

Several phenotypic methods for detection of carbapenemase producing isolates have been developed and used in clinical microbiology laboratories and all existing methods have limitations. Modified Carbapenem Inactivation (mCIM) method is a new growth-based assay recommended by CLSI for the detection of carbapenemases. In this study we performed mCIM for 129 meropenem resistant Gram negative bacilli (E.coli =20, K. pneumoniae= 55, P.aeruginosa = 13 and A.baumannii = 41). Hundred and one (78.3%) isolates were positve, 23 (17.8%) were negative and five isolates gave indeterminate results in mCIM. We found out that mCIM is an easy and inexpensive method for detection of carbapenemase production among Gram negative bacilli.

Canine parvovirus a single stranded DNA virus causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs and is the major cause of mortality in pups due to gastroenteritis. The virus has three major antigenic types CPV 2a, CPV 2b and CPV 2c which are prevalent in dog population worldwide. The virus is excreted heavily in feces of affected dogs, so can be easily detected in the feces of the affected dogs. Therefore, in the present study fecal samples were collected from the dogs suspected of CPV, DNA extracted from them and subjected to PCR and nested PCR to study the prevalence of CPV in two regions viz. Punjab and Assam regions of India. The prevalence of CPV was found to be 75% in Punjab and 80.55% in Assam by nested PCR with overall prevalence being 77%. Positivity for CPV was also observed in dogs which were vaccinated for the disease with percent positivity in Punjab being 84.6% and in Assam being 72.7% by nested PCR. The overall percent positivity in vaccinated dogs was found to be 79.16%. Therefore, it can be concluded that CPV is highly prevalent in the regions under study.