Dermatophytes species Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton are the most common fungal agents associated in superficial skin infections worldwide. The present study was undertaken with the following aims and objectives as to know the clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytic skin infections in the outpatient population attending the dermatology department of a tertiary care centre and to look for any changing trends.

Background: Dialysis modality is a major risk factor for HIV, HBV and hepatitis C virus infections. High accuracy quality control has a positive effect in preventing infection. The haemodialysis environment has been recognized as a reservoir for viral infection, and transmission of the virus to patients as well as to staff members. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dialysis modality on the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections in patients subjected to dialysis. Material and methods: The study included all dialysis patients who attended the dialysis center at Shri Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. The total patients during this period were 250. HIV, HCV and HBsAg were determined on ADVIA Centaur® XP Immunoassay Analyser by Chemiluminescence Methods. Serum samples were collected according to the routine protocol used in the biochemistry department. Data subjected to computer analysis computer-analyzed using (SPSS 20.USA) program. Reference management was done by Endnote X7 program. Results: This study considered the total number of patients undergoing haemodialysis and the percentage of HIV, Hepatitis B and C infections. In addition, HCV infection among dialysis patients is associated with an increased risk of death. Our study was conducted on a total of 250 patients who underwent dialysis in 2018. In the first screening of dialysis patients, we found 5 patients (2%) out of 250 patients had HCV positive, 245 (98%) of patients were HCV negative. But six months later, the infection percentage was up to 9 patients (3.6%) positive out of 250 patients and 241 (96.4%) had negative HCV. Also, in the first examination of dialysis patients, we found that all patients had negative HBsAg. But after six months, we found 1 (0.4%) out of the 250 patients had positive HBsAg and 249 (99.6%) of the patients had HBsAg negative. Conclusion: The main conclusions of the current study are that the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection increased with long-term dialysis, and that hepatitis C virus infection was the most prevalent among patients with longer dialysis.

Wilt Front Line Demonstrations (FLD) in rice were conducted to demonstrate the production potential and economic benefit of adoption of scientific crop management practices over existing traditional practice during kharif season of 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 in the field of 30 farmers in Dakshina Kannada district of Coastal Karnataka. Each FLD was laid out in an area of 0.4 ha with farmers practice as check. The technology comprised of seed treatment, INM and IPDM. The results indicated that adoption of integrated crop management practices in rice recorded a yield of 42.8 q per ha compared farmers practice (35.6q per ha) an increase by 20 percent over a period of three years. The average technology gap and technology index was 7.2 and 14.3 respectively in demonstration plots. There were additional net returns gain by Rs.11851/- in demonstration plots compared to check.

In the present study, protein digestion, blood stain removal and de-hairing ability of protease produced by Bacillus sonorensis ASKL-09 was evaluated. The protease produced by Bacillus sonorensis ASKL-09 showed excellent fibrinolytic action and hydrolyse egg albumin and blood clots. The protease produced by Bacillus sonorensis ASKL-09 removed bloodstains on the cloth within short time (25 min). The protease produced by Bacillus sonorensis ASKL-09 was better for de-hairing process which finds an excellent application in leather industry and could reduce environmental hazards that usually generated by conventional method of de-hairing at leather industries.

Arthropod-borne viruses are a major burden on the health-care system worldwide. Dengue and Chikungunya RNA viral infections are the highly spreading arboviral infections. The current study was conducted at Chalmeda Ananda Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, from August 2018 to September 2019. A total of 3652 serum samples were received from dengue suspected cases and 468 samples were received from suspected cases of Chickungunya and 174 samples were tested for both dengue and chikungunya Co-infection. Of the 3652 serum samples received, 631, were positive for dengue mono infection, of which 427 (67.6%) were males and 204 (32.3%) females. Among the 468 samples for chikungunya test, 29 were positive for chikungunya, of which 21 (72.4%) were from males and 8(27.5%) from females. Patients' age ranged between 22 to 56 years. Only 174 samples were tested for coinfection of dengue and chikungunya, where 6 (3.4%) of them were positive for co- infections of which predominant were observed in male patients 5(83.3%) and female 1(16.6%). Clinical presentation of the patients showed that fever (100%) is a common symptom in all the cases, headache was the most common symptom in dengue and chikungunya coinfection. Arthralgia was predominantly observed among chikungunya patients 86.20%, whereas 13.94% in dengue and 83.33% in co-infection. Myalgia was seen more prevalent among dual infection patients 83.33% and dengue patients (41.67%) compared to chikungunya patients 34.48%. Management of dengue and chikungunya viral infections are totally based on the supportive treatment. We investigated the changing trends of epidemiology of dengue clinical spectrum and prevalence of chikungunya and their coinfection rates.