This article reviews the available literature on the function of proteins as biocatalysts and biomaterials. It also explains methods like protein designing, enzyme evolution, metabolic pathway engineering and systems biology. Further, it deals with the discovery and development of extremophilic enzymes and industrial enzymes along with the case studies on novel economical industrial enzymes.

Protein analysis employs various techniques and methods, which help to study the protein. Quality Control (QC) is a system of routine technical activities, to measure and control the quality of the inventory as it is being developed. It provides routine and consistent checks to ensure data integrity, correctness, and completeness, helps to identify and address errors and omissions also document and archive inventory material and record all QC activities. Protein analysis techniques are developing fast due to the growing number of proteins obtained by recombinant DNA techniques.

Protein folding is useful and challenging problem in structural biology. Molecular dynamics (MD) and simulation has proved to be a paramount tool and was widely used to study protein structures, folding kinetics and thermodynamics and structure-stability-function relationship. It was also used to help engineering and designing new proteins, and to answer even more general questions for target validation, such as the evolution principle of protein families. MD simulation is still undergoing rapid developments. The first trend is to toward developing new coarse-grained models and studying larger and more complex molecular systems such as protein-protein complex and their assembling process, and structure; the second trend is toward building high resolution protein models and explore more detailed and accurate pictures of protein folding and the associated processes.

The purpose of this research was to mask the intensely bitter taste of Ondansetron HCl and to formulate rapid disintegrating films (RDFs) of the taste-masked drug using methocel E15. Taste masking was done by complexing Ondansetron HCl with ion exchange resin (Polacriline Potassium) which also has disintegrating property, in different ratios and by using sucralose as sweetening agent in very low concentrations. Taste was further masked using vanilla flavor in combination with lychee and banana flavor. Drug-polymer complexes (DPCs) were tested for drug content, in vitro taste in simulated salivary fluid (SSF) of pH 6.2, and molecular property. Complex that did not release drug in SSF was considered taste-masked and selected for formulation RDFs. The complex with drug-polymer ratio of 2:1 did not show drug release in SSF; therefore, it was selected. The properties of films such as hydration study, folding endurance and invitro drug disintegration in the oral cavity were investigated. PEO N-10, 7% wt/wt gave the minimum disintegration time and elegance to the final product. Films of batch F4 containing mannitol and sorbital in the ratio 1:1 and 7% wt/wt PEO N-10 showed faster disintegration, within 12.5 seconds. Good correlation between in-vitro disintegration behavior and in the oral cavity was recognized. Taste evaluation of RDF in human volunteers revealed considerable taste masking with the degree of bitterness below threshold value (0.5) ultimately reaching to 0 within 15 minutes, whereas Ondansetron HCl was rated intensely bitter with a score of 3 for 10 minutes. Films of batch F4 also revealed rapid drug release (t90, 60 seconds) in SGF. Thus, results conclusively demonstrated successful masking of taste and rapid disintegration of the formulated films in the oral cavity.

This process involves catalytic degradation of waste plastic into fuel range hydrocarbon i.e. petrol, diesel and kerosene etc. A catalytic cracking process in which waste plastic were melted and cracked in the absence of oxygen and at very high temperature, the resulting gases were cooled by condensation and resulting crude oil was recovered. From this crude oil various products petrol, diesel and kerosene etc. can be obtained by distillation. This process mainly consists of four units (1) reacting vessel or reaction chamber (2) condensation unit (3) receiving unit (4) distillation unit. More specifically the degradation of waste plastic except polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) over two commercial grade cracking catalysts, containing 20% and 40% ultra stable Y zeolite, respectively, was studied in a semi-batch reactor. Also the effect of polymer catalyst ratio was studied on the formation of liquid hydrocarbons. The best results were obtained when polymer catalyst ratio was 4:1 and after this ratio the liquid yield decreases. Furthermore alternate method for disposal of waste plastic is also studied. And the results of this process are found to be better than other alternate methods which are used for the disposal of waste plastic.