Madhya Pradesh being the leading garlic producing state of India contributes about one-fourth of the total Indian production. The aim of this paper is to assess the extent and integration among garlic markets and to study price movement of garlic in Madhya Pradesh. For study purpose time series secondary data related to monthly average wholesale prices and arrivals of garlic were collected from major markets in Madhya for the period 2001-02 to 2013-14. The econometrics tools viz. Moving average, ADF based unit root test, Johansen’s co-integration test, Granger causality test etc. were used to analysed the collected data. Negative relationship was observed between price and arrival for garlic in the markets of central India. The prices of garlic were non-stationary and observed higher in the months from November to January across the selected markets. The price series showed the consequences of unit root and were stationary at first difference. Long run equilibrium relationship and co-integration between selected markets were observed. Most of the selected markets showed unidirectional influence on garlic prices of each other and function as a satellite market and assimilate information.

The present study was conducted in Haryana state in 2014.15. Fifty rural women each from Bhimnagar, Pali, Milkpur and Bawanikhera villages of Hisar and Bhiwani districts, respectively were selected purposively thus comprising of total sample of 200 respondents. To find out the need of the rural women, a questioner was developed and critical messages and sub-messages were prepared. Rankings were assigned on the basis of weighted mean scores. Messages having top three ranks were finally selected for media preparation after consultation with Vegetable Science and Extension Education and Communication Management Department experts. Finally selected messages were tomato, okra and cucurbits crops cultivation practices for which media was developed. Standard procedure for development of media was followed. Audio quality and visual quality of CD of various messages related to vegetables cultivation practices were perceived to be high. Presentation of various messages related to vegetables cultivation practices had been well organized and presented well in the CD. Results revealed that the quality of content coverage and its relevance and appropriateness to the subject was quite high. The clarity of text and size of text is appropriate and it was clearly visible

Nano fertilizers are the important tools in agriculture to improve crop growth, yield and quality parameters with increase nutrient use efficiency, reduce wastage of fertilizers and cost of cultivation. Nano-fertilizers are very effective for precise nutrient management in precision agriculture with matching the crop growth stage for nutrient and may provide nutrient throughout the crop growth period. Nano-fertilizers increase crop growth up to optimum concentrations further increase in concentration may inhibit the crop growth due to the toxicity of nutrient. Nano-fertilizers provide more surface area for different metabolic reactions in the plant which increase rate of photosynthesis and produce more dry matter and yield of the crop. It is also prevent plant from different biotic and abiotic stress.

The study was conducted the effect of incorporation of gram (Cicer arietinum) straw in total mixed ration on in-vitro studies on cattle. The two treatments were T1 (control): concentrate mixture (45%) + wheat straw (55%) and T2 (Treatment): concentrate mixture (45%) + gram straw (80% replacement of wheat straw). The energy and protein requirements of cattle were met as per ICAR (1998) standards. The concentrate to roughage ratio was kept at 45:55. The TMR without gram straw was designated as G0 (control), gram straw was incorporated in TMR as replacement of wheat straw @ 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20 % and were designated as G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5, respectively, for in vitro studies. The statistical analysis of data revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in in vitro dry matter digestibility IVDMD in G0, G3, G4, and G5 treatment group as compared to G1 and G2 groups. The statistical analysis of data revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in in-vitro organic matter digestibility(IVOMD) in G0, G3, G4 and G5 treatment group as compared to G1 and G2 groups.

A field experiment including forty genotypes was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during autumn winter season 2015-16. The observations were recorded on qualitative and qualitative traits. The genotypic path coefficient revealed that highest positive direct effect (0.866**) on fruit yield followed by number of flower per cluster (0.355**) and fruit yield per plant (0.610*), whereas length of peduncle showed significant and negative association with number of branches per plant (-0.186*). Simultaneously, significant positive genotypic correlation was observed for number of branches per plant (0.610**), number of fruits per plant (0.565**), number of flowers per cluster (0.394**) and plant height (0.213*) with fruit yield per plant. Path analysis showed that number of branches and fruits per plant had high direct effect and number of flowers per cluster had indirect effect via., number of branches per plant with fruit yield per plant, indicating that these traits should be given importance for selection in present material.

The present study was carried out in the herd of Holstein Friesian crossbred cows maintained at a private dairy Farm located at Anjora, District Durg (C. G.). Milk samples from Holstein Friesian crossbred cows were analysed to find out relationship between major milk constituents and somatic cell counts (SCC). The least square means obtained for fat%, solid not fat(SNF)%, total solids(TS)%, protein% and lactose%, test day milk yield and fat corrected milk (FCM) yield were 4.33±0.02, 8.29±0.01, 12.62±0.03, 2.99±0.05, 4.51±0.09, 10.50±0.09kg/day and 10.90±0.10kg/day, respectively. Overall mean for SCC found to as 1.42±0.02 (x10⁵cell/ml). In the present study negative and significant correlation (P<0.01) were observed between test day milk yields with fat and total solids. The correlation between test day milk with SNF, protein and lactose were found to be negative and non significant. Highly and significant correlation (P<0.01)was observed between fat and TS (0.918), fat and SNF (0.178) fat and protein (0.342) and fat and lactose (0.162). Positive and significant (P<0.01) correlation was observed among protein and lactose percentage. Correlations are very significant in direct or indirect selection where alteration in one trait are induced through selection on other trait between which there is genetic correlation. Values of genetic correlations between productions have huge importance in selection of cows, asthey provide possibility for selection of heads on more traits at the same time.

The experiment was conducted to study the extent of genetic variability for grain yield, its component traits and spot blotch in F2 population of the cross Bijaga yellowx NIDW-295. High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for all the characters except for days to fifty percent flowering, spike length and number of spikelet’s per spike. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for all the characters except days to fifty percent flowering, awn length, spike length, number of spikelet’s per spike, thousand grain weight and seed yield per plant. These results suggested that better scope for selecting superior transgressive segregants in this population. For spot blotch incidence, high genetic coefficients of variation along with high heritability and genetic advance were recorded indicating the greater effectiveness of selection and improvement can be expected for spot blotch resistance. Present investigation suggests that selection in F2 population of Bijaga yellowx NIDW-295 will be effective in selecting superior plants for yield parameters and spot blotch resistance in evolving high yielding disease resistant genotype in wheat.

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2014-15 to study “Evaluation of Morphological Characters of Gladiolus Genotypes (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)” at the Instructional Farm, Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar. The experiment consisted of 12 varieties ‘African Star’, ‘Arti’, ‘Darshan’, ‘Friendship’, ‘Hunting Song’, ‘Legend’, ‘Pusa Srijana’, ‘PusaKiran’, ‘Snow Princess’, ‘Sunayana’, ‘Trader Horn’ and ‘Urmi’ laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The variety ‘Trader Horn’ showed the best performance for maximum number of leaves per plant (9.75), plant height (137.09 cm), spike length (123.38 cm), floret diameter (10.93 cm), duration of flowering (16.17), number of florets per spike (20.08). The ‘Legend’ was noted for best yielding variety regarding, maximum number of spikes (37.0) per plot, sprouts per corm (2.67) and B:C ratio (2.18).

The field experiments were conducted to study the performance of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) under both open field and polyhouse condition at the Division of Horticulture, UAS, Bangalore. The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized complete block design with two main and sub treatments with five replications. The results revealed that the plants grown under polyhouse recorded significantly higher number of fruits plant-1 (2.92 fruits), maximum fruit weight plant-1 (2.54 kg), maximum fruit yield plant-1 (4.5 kg), estimated fruit yield per hectare (92.3 t ha-1), maximum fruit length (20.15 cm), maximum fruit circumference (45.18 cm), maximum fruit volume (2.44 l), maximum pulp weight fruit-1 (1.93 kg), minimum rind thickness fruit-1 (1.39 cm) and maximum rind to pulp ratio (3.18). From this investigation it can be concluded that significant results were noticed in watermelon var. Kiran with respect to growth parameters when the plants were grown under polyhouse.

In this study, a solar tunnel dryer of 6 x 3x 2.7 m (LxWxH) constructed with galvanized frame structure and covered with 200 µ UV-stabilized LDPE sheet. Two fresh air inlets of 0.6 x 0.3 msize and two exhaust fans each of 9’’ diameter and 50 watt capacity were installed at the rear side and front side of the dryer, respectively. The amla segments pre-treated with 2% sodium chloride, 0.1 % potassium meta-bi-sulphite solutions and untreated slices were subjected for drying. Results obtained from this experiment showed that in solar tunnel dryer, the drying required 11-13 h for various pre-treated amla segments to reduce the initial moisture content ranging from 521.46 to 422.32% (dry basis) to final moisture content in the range of 17.39 to 17.01 % (dry basis) and in open yard sun drying, it required 15-18 h for various pre-treated amla segments to reduce from moisture content of 520.13 to 430.13 % (dry basis) to safe storage moisture content of 17.83 to 17.09% (dry basis) at different drying air temperatures and relative humidities. Two drying models were fitted to experimental drying data of amla segments namely Logarithmic model and Henderson-Pabis model and Logarithmic model was found to be the best fit to describe the drying behavior of amla segments. The use of solar tunnel dryer leads to considerable reduction of drying time in comparison to sun drying. The amla segments being dried in the solar tunnel dryer were completely protected from rain, insects and dust.