The present investigation for the Evaluation of Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Hybrids for quantitative traits, YVMV and FSB was carried out at Allahabad region with 11 hybrids and 2 check varieties during kharif-2015 under randomized block design with three replications. The data was recorded for seventeen quantitative characters plant height (cm), days to first flowering, no. of fruits/ plant, , weight of fresh fruit(g), weight of fruit/plant(g), weight of fruit/plot, yield per plant, diameter of fruit (cm), length of fruit (cm), days to 1st appearance of YVMV incidence, YVMV infestation on plants, YVMV infestation on fruits, Severity of YVMV infestation, Coefficient of YVMV infestation, Fruit and Shoot Borer (FSB) infestation on shoots, and FSB infestation on plants to obtain estimate the best hybrid for quantitative traits, YVMV resistance and FSB resistance. Fruit yield per hectare was ranged from 10.43 tones (Arkaanamika) to 37.31 tones (OKHYB-10) with an average of 19.66 tones and YVMV infestation on plants (%)was ranged from 0 % (OKHYB-10) to 52.93 % (Arkaanamika) with an average of 29.16 %, YVMV infestation on fruits (%)was ranged from o % (OKHYB-10) to 22.63 % (Arkaanamika) with an average of 13.01 % where as FSB infestation on shoots (%)was ranged from 0 % (OKHYB-10) to 24 % (Arkaanamika) with an average of 13.20, FSB infestation on fruits (%)was ranged from 0 % (OKHYB-10) to 20.25 % (Arkaanamika) with an average of 11.47. It is concluded that based on the mean performance of the of all the seventeen along with YVMV and FSB characters hybrids OKHYB-10,OKHYB-09, OKHYB-04, and OKHYB-01 were found superior and resistant to YVMV and FSB in performances than check varieties.

This paper examines both consumption and production diversification towards high value commodities (HVCs) in India. A clear structural shift in consumption from food grains, particularly cereals, to high-value commodities (HVCs) comprising mainly livestock based foods, horticulture products, and beverages is witnessed in both rural and urban India. Similarly, the increasing share of HVCs accounting for more than half of the total agricultural value of output in the recent decade provides ample evidence of production diversification towards HVCs. Thus, a perceptible positive relationship between the rise in consumption expenditure on HVCs and their production (value of output) is discernible. The determinants of diversification towards HVC estimated through a pooled WLS regression analysis further provided the empirical evidence that changing consumption pattern towards HVCs is distinctly driving production diversification at the national level. Additionally, the structural changes in terms of development of markets, road network, irrigation, technology, urbanization and growing income levels have positively influenced agricultural diversification towards HVCs.

Market power of exporting countries into a specific market is an important issue for decision makers within that market. It is also an important issue for exporting countries since it can be related to the ability of the country to increase its access to the market. Competitiveness indicators including; comparative advantage, market share, market penetration rate, instability coefficient of exports, competitiveness of export price, competitiveness of production, relative price, and relative stability of production in addition to residual demand model are used to measure the perfect competition conditions in the market and, accordingly, measure the market power of the different competitors. Australia, France, and UK are the more competitive exporting countries of Broad Bean to Egypt. However, China is a promising exporter with low prices and stable production.

A Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during Winter Irrigated Cotton Season of 2016-17 with the test variety SVPR − 4. To study the effect of moisture regimes on physiological parameters of Relative Leaf Water Content (RLWC), Chlorophyll Stability Index (CSI), Proline and Seed cotton yield. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Moisture regimes were assigned to the main plots viz., Irrigation at IW/CPE ratio to 0.4 (I1) and 0.8 (I2). The subplot comprises with moisture management practices with Biochar application viz., B1-Cotton stalk biochar @ 5 t ha -1, B2-Cotton stalk biochar @ 5 t ha-1 + Crop residue mulch @ 5 t ha-1, B3-Cotton stalk biochar @ 5 t ha-1 + Crop residue mulch @ 5 t ha-1+ PPFM @ 500 ml ha-1 on 75 and 90 DAS, B4- Prosopis biochar @ 5 t ha-1, B5- Prosopis biochar @ 5 t ha-1 + Crop residue mulch @ 5 t ha-1, B6 - Prosopis biochar @ 5 t ha-1+ Crop residue mulch @ 5 t ha-1 + PPFM @ 500 ml ha-1 on 75 and 90 DAS and B7 − Control. The results of this study showed that RLWC, CSI of Cotton were recorded higher and lower values of Proline were recorded under irrigation at IW/CPE to 0.8 (I2) and Prosopis biochar @ 5 t ha-1+ Crop residue mulch @ 5 t ha-1 + PPFM @ 500 ml ha-1 on 75 and 90 DAS (B6) . The same treatments registered for higher values of crop yield.

Soil cone index (CI) is a soil mechanical property widely used to assess soil strength in tillage research. In this study, physical properties of soil and penetration resistance of soil were measured at four locations viz., namely Wet land and Paddy Breeding Station of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University- Coimbatore (CWL to C-PBS) and at Aduthurai and Bhavanisagar (ADT and BSR) under wet rice field condition, like those encounters by tractor at start of puddling operation. Bulk density varied with depth; and hence samples were taken at two depths of 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. Values of Cone Index decreased with the increase in moisture content. Contrary to the effect of moisture content on Cone Index, values of Cone Index tended to increase with the increase in bulk density under both layer. An instrumented electronic hand-held cone penetrometer with a cone base area of 7.8 cm2 was developed to record the strength of rice soil. The penetration resistance in the upper layer varied from 13.63 to 35 kPa in C-WL and 6.3 to 40.57 kPa in C-PBS. Penetration resistance in the lower layer varied between145.03 and 200.36 kPa in C-WL and 88.17 and 200.64 kPa in C-PBS. In case of ADT and BSR sites, the soil strength profile was observed to be uniform and average penetration resistance in 0 to 30 cm depth varied from 67.66 to 166.73 kPa and 75.91 to 169.85 kPa respectively.