A field experiment was conducted during autumn seasons of 2012 and 2013 to evaluate compost-fertilizer mixture (comlizer) on growth and yield of rainfed direct seeded rice (DSR) in upland situation under reduced plant density and integrated weed management (IW). Rice crop was sown 20 cm apart in band (BS) with recommended fertilizers doses (RFD), and weeds were managed either through application of pretilachlor 750 g/ha a.i. followed by working with grubber at 20 and 40 days after sowing (IW-1), or kept without weed management (weedy). Rice crop was also grown with reduced plant density by drilling the seeds in lines 20 cm apart maintaining 15 cm between seeds (DS). The DS was evaluated either, with RFD and mechanical weed management (MW) by working with grubber at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS), or comlizer in single split (Comlizer-S) or double splits (Comlizer-D) with pretilachlor 750 g/ha a.i. followed by grubber at 30 DAS (IW-2). IW-1 and IW-2 significantly reduced weed density and dry weight compared to MW or weedy. Application of comlizer in two splits increased effective tillers per unit area, average number of filled grains per panicle, and grain yield of rice compared to recommended fertilizer dose. The positive effect of comlizer application on growth and yield parameters of rice was explained by improvement in root growth and available nutrient status in soil vis-à-vis nutrient uptake by the crop. The root growth in terms of dry weight and volume was enhanced due to split application of comlizer that utilized a consistent pool of available nutrients from soil.

A field study was conducted during 2015 to investigate the effect of row spacing (30 cm, 45 cm and 60 cm) and nitrogen levels (50,100,150 and 200 kg/ha) on growth and yield of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). The result revealed that at harvest, the row spacing of 60 cm (S3) recorded higher stem girth (11.29 mm) and more number of leaves per plant (906.30). At 90 DAP, highest leaf area (6601.17 cm2 /plant) was recorded in row spacing of 60 cm (S3). Row spacing of 60 cm (S3) recorded maximum essential oil content (0.93 %). Whereas, the higher oil yield per hectare (176.22 kg) was observed at 30 cm row spacing (S1). At harvest, application of 150 kg nitrogen per hectare (N4) recorded maximum stem girth (11.31 mm) and leaves per plant (894.10).At 90 DAP, the physiological parameters like, leaf area (6206.27 cm2/plant), leaf are index (3.22) were maximum with the application of 150 kg N per ha (N3). Maximum essential oil content (0.96 %) and oil yield per hectare (169.46 kg) was noticed with the application of 150 kg nitrogen per hectare (N3).

Water logging stress was imposed on two pigeonpea genotypes viz., ICPL-84023 and DA-11. Thirty days old pot grown plants were subjected to water logging continuously for 4 and 6 days in water filled containers and water was maintained 4-5 cm above the surface of soil. Significant genotypic differences were observed with respect to biochemical changes in leaves and roots. Chlorophyll content was found more in ICPL-84023 genotype as compared to DA-11 in control condition. After imposition of water logging stress ICPL-184023 genotype performed better as compared to DA-11 genotype. ICPL-84023 genotype showed less chlorophyll reduction, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, and less H2O2, MDA content as well as less cell membrane leakage. In this study DA-11 was observed as susceptible and ICPL-184023 as tolerant genotype under water logging stress.

Field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2015 at Agronomy research farm, COA, CAU, Imphal. The soil of experimental field was clay, acidic in reaction (pH 5.6), high in organic carbon (1.19), available potash (313kg/ha) and medium in available nitrogen (440kg/ha), available phosphorous (17kg/ha). The experiment was carried out with 4 levels of age (A) of seedlings (A15, A25, A35 and A45 day’s old seedlings) and 4 levels of number of seedlings/hill (S1, S2, S3 and S4 seedlings/hill). The different levels of age of seedling and number of seedling/hill has influenced significantly on growth parameters, and yield contributing characters as well as grain yield. The maximum number of effective tillers/hill (12.33) was obtained from the treatment A1S4. The maximum grain yield (2333kg/ha) was recorded in the treatment transplanted 15 days old seedling and 2 seedlings/hill. The higher grain yield was recorded in young seedling due to early establishment of seedling and efficient in nutrient uptake as well as the availability of suitable growing conditions in the early stage too. From the economic point of view, the highest gross return (Rs 1,08,945/ha), net return (Rs 69,536/ha) and Cost: Benefit ratio (1.76) were recorded from the treatment A1S2 (transplanting of 15 days old and 2 seedlings/hill).

This paper represents estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) with fifteen different methods. Meteorological daily data were used as input parameter to estimate evapotranspiration (ET0) of 31 years (1984-2015) of Anand station. The FAO 56PM method was used to compare with 1996 KPen, 1948 pn, FP17 pen, CIMICFAO pen, FAO 24Rd, FAO 24BC, 1985 pan, Prs-Harg, 1957 Tylr, 1961 Makk ETo. Out of all the methods, 1996 Kpen, 1948 pen and FP 17pen methods were found very close to FAO 56PM method with coefficient of determination (R2) 0.98, 0.99 and 0.98 respectively. The yearly maximum and minimum values of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) were 6.15 mm/year and 3.34 mm/year and for monthly it was 9.62 mm/month and 2.1mm/month of all the methods.