The utilization pattern of the extension personnel was studied in seven districts of North Gujarat. 120 extensions personnel were selected by proportionate Random sampling from all the district of North Gujarat. The result showed that radio was not used by cent percent of extension personnel whereas television was used frequently by the majority of them followed by telephone vary frequently. In case of mobile, internet and computer used by almost all vary frequently. Video conferencing, e – newspaper were used by majority of them less frequently. Regarding purpose of utilization, they used internet, search engine, agriculture portal, e- newspaper, e- magazine and television for information purpose. For transfer of technology majority of them found using radio, whereas video conferencing and computer for training purpose. E-mail was used by cent percent of extension workers used e- mail for preparing and sending report while telephone and mobile phone were used by majority of them sharing information with other organization and input agencies.

Groundnut is a predominantly Kharif crop of Rajkot district of ‘Saurashtra’ plateau of Gujarat. The crop accounts for 155900 hectare area and 292312 ton production in Rajkot district (kharif 2015). However, the average district yield is 18.74 quintal/hectare, which is substantially lower than the Potential yield. Considerable scope of enhancement in productivity leading to higher production exists, especially in Saurashtra region, which is earmarked as important Agro Export Zone for HPS (Hand Picking Seed) groundnut in the country. It is feasible through regular surveys, farmers meetings and field diagnostics visit followed by persuasion for provision of timely management of disease especially stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) in groundnut. To demonstrate this, 30 Frontline Demonstrations were organized by KVK, Pipalia at different locations under real farm situations during 2013-2016. Prevailing farmers' practices were treated as control for comparison with recommended package i.e. Application of Trichoderma @ 2.5 kg/ha in 500 kg of castor cake or neem cake or FYM at the time of sowing for controlling Sclerotium rolfsii. The economics and cost benefit ratio of control and demonstrated plot was worked out. An average of Rs. 38493 was recorded net profit under recommended practice while it was Rs 31963 under farmers practice. The average cost benefit ratio was 1:1.88 under demonstration. By conducting Front line Demonstration of proven technologies, yield potential and net income from groundnut cultivation can be enhanced to a great extent with increase in the income level of the farming community.

The present study was conducted in two district of Haryana state i.e. Karnal and Sirsa. Both the districts utilized the highest percentage of agrochemicals in the state. Form both the districts a total number of 140 farmers were interviewed and the result reveled that they had low mass media exposure and extension contact. Almost 100 percent of the farmers used different types of pesticides and herbicides. Most of the farmers (89.28 %) of farmers used the agrochemicals according to the dealer’s prescription. Most of the farmers applied pesticides once in a week (72.14 %), harvested vegetables next day of spraying (43.57 %) and wore only full sleeves shirt as the protective clothing (100 %). It was also observed that most of the farmers didn’t handle the agrochemicals safely which can have adverse impact of human health and environment. Thus it is required to educate the farmers for safe and clean environment.

The present study was planned to examine the contribution of livestock in organic paddy farming and to find out the relationship between livestock size and farmers’ independent variables. A total number of 150 farmers from six villages constituted the sample size from three purposively selected districts of Haryana viz., Kaithal, Karnal and Kurukshetra based on maximum area and production of rice. The study revealed that majority of farmers (56.67%) owned medium herd size followed by small size (28.00%). while, (15.33%) farmers possessed large herd size. Age variable showed a positive and highly significant correlation with herd size while innovativeness, management orientation, economic motivation and risk preference had shown positive and significant correlation whereas education and land holding of the farmers exhibited a negative and significant relationship. It was further established that the eleven independent variables had jointly contributed to (74.58 %) variation in the adoption of organic paddy farming.

The study was conducted in Haryana state and a total number of 120 farmers were interviewed. The results demonstrate major causes of GHGs were found ‘high use of inorganic farm inputs (2.88), intensive tillage practices (2.75), non- adoption of diversified agriculture (2.52), non-adoption of crop rotation; (2.46). The losses due to GHGs were crop benefit ratio decreased (1.23), crop damaged due to adverse climatic uncertainty (1.07), crop production decreased (0.89), sowing season change (0.86), deeper level of ground water table (0.31) cropping pattern and cropping system changed’ (0.28), high usages of synthetic or inorganic fertilizers (0.23), soil fertility decreases (0.13), soil erosion (0.07).For sequestration of GHGs for sustainable agriculture were evolution of new crops cultivars (2.95), crop diversification (2.90), use zero tillage practices (2.81) integrated farming system (2.79), soil/water testing for soil status (2.77), management of natural resources soil, water and biodiversity (2.61) considered very effective measures.

More and more area increased under organic farming, which is becoming demand of present and coming era. In India, vast stretches of arable lands, which are mainly rain fed and found in the North eastern region where negligible amount of fertilizers and pesticides are being used and have low productivity, could be exploited as potential areas for organic agriculture. Considering the potential environmental benefits of organic production and its compatibility with integrated agricultural approaches to rural development, organic agriculture may be considered as a development vehicle for developing countries like India, in particular with this context research study was undertaken for 90 farmers in capacity building through training on organic farming practices and 90 untrained farmers of Surendranagar, Jamnagar and Rajkot district of Gujarat state where researcher observed that a majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge about organic farming practices. It was also found that the lecture with discussion and demonstration was most important and effective method of training suggested by majority preferred with a first ranked followed by lecture and computer based presentation with discussion, lecture with discussion & Audio-Visual aid, and lecture with A.V. with second, third and fourth rank respectively.

Dairy farming plays an important role in social and economical livelihood of the farmers. The present study was conducted in Visavadar and Mendarada taluka of Junagadh district. Three villages were selected from each taluka and each village was selected with 20 respondents. One hundred twenty respondents were selected by random sampling for present investigation. The data were collected with the help of predesigned interview schedule by contacting the dairy farmers personally. Some of the data were collected by direct observation at the place of respondents. The collected data was analyzed by using simple statistical methods like frequency, percentage and mean. The results indicate that majority (51.66 per cent) of the dairy farmers belonged to middle age group, 53.33 per cent of them educated up to primary level, 59.16 per cent of the cattle owners had large size of family, majority (67.50 per cent) of the cattle owners had animal husbandry plus farming as main occupation, 42.50 per cent of them had income of Rs. 30,000 to 40,000. 60.00 per cent of the cattle owners had medium size of herd, majority (66.67 per cent) of cattle owners had medium social participation, 75.00 per cent of them had medium extension contact and 53.33 per cent of respondents were from medium risk orientation group.

Livestock industry provides for a major source of livelihood for many people worldwide, particularly the rural poor in developing countries. Ill-health is a major constraint to livestock production and development in rural and peri-urban communities where a half of the world's livestock population is found. Most of these communities live in marginal areas affected with endemic pathogens, vectors and diseases. These areas are not easily accessible to modern veterinary information and services and people are less economically endowed albeit coping with enormous animal health problems. The survival mechanisms and strategies are simply based on people's own local and inherent centuries' old knowledge that has withstood the test of time in all aspects of human evolutionary life. Any attempts to improve the lives of these people through livestock industry, must therefore begin by understanding and recognizing the evolution, application and management of indigenous veterinary medicine in their cultural lifestyle. This approach offers sustainable strategies directed towards developing sound and appropriate animal health care systems suitable and relevant to rural communities in improving livestock performance and production and hence, livelihood. This study was undertaken in Visavadar and Mendarada talukas of Junagadh districts to know the level of knowledge of cattle owners regarding indigenous veterinary practices.

The present investigation has been under taken to study the price behavior of major pulses in Gujarat state. Monthly wholesale prices were taken from three regulated markets for each crop. The prices of all the pulses with their respective markets experienced unremitting price fluctuation and indicated high degree of year to year variability in the prices. It was found that there was a lower fluctuation in the period 2003, 2004 and 2013 while remaining years showed moderate to very high fluctuations of intra-year variability in all the markets under study period. The linear model is a better fitted in pigeon pea and green gram crops while in case of chickpea in Dhandhuka and Dahod markets quadratic model is a better fitted. The compound rates of increase in prices of crops under study were statistical significant during the period under study. The prices of all the four pulses under study indicated downward trend in post-harvest period while, upward trend in pre-harvest period. The maximum value of the coefficient in seasonal variation was found in case of green gram in Gondal market (22.47%). The prices of pigeon pea and green gram revealed less degree of irregular fluctuations, while the prices of chickpea and black gram showed comparatively high and violent type of irregular fluctuations. The values of correlation coefficient of monthly and yearly prices of pulses under study were more than 0.90 and were highly significant

Groundnut is the most important crop among the oilseed crops grown in the country. Groundnut is considered as the world’s fourth largest source of edible oil and third most important source of vegetable protein. It is also a major oilseed legume crop in India and meets about 30 per cent of the edible oil requirements in the country. The present study was conducted in Junagadh districts of Gujarat state to identify the constraints in adoption of groundnut production technologies. Two villages were selected randomly from each taluka viz. Keshod, Mendarda and Manavadar talukas of this district and 20 respondents were selected randomly from each village. Thus, total 120 respondents were selected as sample. The data were collected through personal interview schedule. These data were tabulated and analyzed. The results were indicated that failure of crop due to heavy rainfall (89.16 per cent), timely unavailability of fertilizers (85.00 per cent), weight and quality loss during storage and transportation (80.00 per cent), inadequate storage facility’s (75.00 per cent), lack of marketing infrastructure facilities (71.66 per cent), fluctuation of groundnut price in the market (66.67 per cent) were major constraints faces by groundnut grower in recommended groundnut production technology. The groundnut growers were gave the important suggestions were: remunerative price should be given to groundnut growers got first ranked followed by market facilities should be strengthened and inputs should be made available at subsidized rate got second and third ranked, respectively.