Farmer can reduce cost of irrigation by 15.71 per cent, 8.00 per cent, 4.18 per cent, 2.11 per cent and 1.00 per cent for Wheat, Gram, Pigeanpea, Soyaben and Maize crop respectively by using solar irrigation system as compared to normal system. It was also observed that by investing 1 rupee’s farmer can earn 1.35 rupees and initial investment will be returned back in 2.65 years it shows that using solar irrigation system is quite beneficial to the farmers

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the entire educational system. It results in shut down of schools all across the world. This dramatically changed the entire educational system, with the rise of e-learning, where teaching is undertaken on digital platforms. And these drastic changes make many online learning platforms to offering free access to their services. This unplanned and rapid move to online learning without any training, insufficient bandwidth, and no preparation will put challenges in educational process. Many learners without reliable internet connections and/or technology struggle to participate in e-learning. So, it is a need to find out the positive and negative points of digital learning platform and present suggestions for its improvement. Thus, to know the experiences and challenges faced by the students in digital platform during learning this study was conducted. For this study, questionnaire was digitalized on GoogleForms and link was shared via Whatsapp, facebook, sms and through electronic- mails. In this way, data of 150 respondents was received and were consider as ultimate sample size.

The study entitled the Economic analysis and marketing of small millets in South Gujarat. From South Gujarat region two districts were selected viz; Dang and Valsad. There are three talukas from Dang district and two talukas from Valsad district were selected purposively and from each taluka, 5 villages were selected by probability sampling method. From each village, 6 farmers were selected by simple random sampling method. Total sample size was 150 small millets growing farmers. There were three marketing channels reported in study area, Channel-I: Producer - Consumer, Channel-II: Producer - Retailer - Consumer and Channel-III: Producer - Local trader - Retailer - Consumer. In Dang district, the farmer received the price of Rs. 2200.00 per quintal which was 97.34 per cent share in consumer’s rupee in Channel-I. In Valsad district, the farmer received the price of Rs. 2500.00 per quintal which was 97.46 per cent share in the consumer’s rupee in Channel-I. In Dang district the net price received by the producer was Rs. 2250.00 per quintal which was 86.28 per cent of the consumer’s rupee in Channel-II. In Valsad district, net price received by the producer was Rs. 2530.00 per quintal which was 89.15 per cent out of the consumer’s rupee in Channel-II. In Dang district, the net price received by the producer was Rs. 2125.00 per quintal which was 76.00 per cent of the consumer’s rupee in Channel-III. In Valsad district, the net price received by the producer was Rs. 2400.00 per quintal which was 77.46 per cent of the consumer’s rupee in Channel-III

Castor is an important oilseed cash crop. Castor oil obtained from castor seed is non-edible, but is of great industrial importance Castor producer in India. In Rajasthan, Sirohi district stands first in terms of area and production of castor. Therefore, a study was undertaken to assess the level of adoption of castor production of Sirohi district. The study was conducted in 5 blocks. In all, 100 farmers were selected randomly from 10 villages of five blocks. The findings of this study revealed that majority (49 per cent) of the castor growers had medium level of adoption regarding recommended hybrid castor production technology. Predominantly the hybrid castor growers had higher adoption regarding castor cultivation practices viz., threshing, picking and harvesting, spreading for drying, irrigation applied recommended varieties and interculturing, which can be due to frequently being in contact with extension agencies and sporty participation in various extension activities

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of long term nutrient managements on maize crop yield and soil fertility in the on-going century-old Permanent Manurial Experiment of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The post-harvest soil after harvest of 169th crop of maize was sampled and analyzed for physicochemical and chemical properties. Results revealed that the continuous adoption of STCR-IPNS practice has recorded the highest grain yield of 8213 kg ha-1 which was on par with NPK + FYM treatment (7618 kg ha-1). Continuous application of inorganic fertilizers alone registered pH > 8.0 whereas the application of fertilizers along with manures and application of manures alone registered pH < 8.0 in soil. Among the treatments, continuous application of INM and STCR-IPNS practices improved the cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content and available nutrient status in the soil whereas unbalanced fertilization decreased the most, resulted in degraded soil fertility

The present study aims to analyse the interrelationships among the thirteen soil fertility parameters based on 678 samples from Ernakulam and 788 samples from Kottayam district. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was estimated and tested its significance. The results of the analysis indicated positive significant correlation between electrical conductivity (EC) and available phosphorus in Ernakulam (r = 0.620) and Kottayam (r = 0.530) districts. EC was also positively correlated with Ca (0.406) and Fe (0.432). There was positive correlation between pH and K, EC and S, organic carbon and Fe and K and Ca in Ernakulam district while B showed a negative correlation with pH and Ca. Boron was negatively correlated with K, Mg and Mn while a positive correlation was observed between B and Zn (0.573) as well as Cu (0.417). Fe and Mn were negatively correlated (-0.467) while Zn and Cu showed a positive correlation (0.596)

Scientific orientation is characterized by a belief in science and scientific approaches to resolve the problems in farming. It plays an important role in soaring the level of knowledge of banana growers about integrated pest management. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to study scientific orientation and its relationship with the level of knowledge of banana growers about integrated pest management. The result of the study revealed that a great majority (88.00 per cent) of the banana growers had high to very high level of scientific orientation. It is also revealed that scientific orientation of banana growers had positive and highly significantly correlation (r = 0.401**) with their level of knowledge about IPM

Crop improvement deals essentially with selection of superior individuals within genetically heterogeneous populations. The basic objective of upland cotton genotypes is sought that meet the needs of three sectors of the economy viz., cotton growing community, the ginning industries and the textile complex. The ten upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes were crossed in complete diallel (10x10) excluding reciprocals to obtain the forty five F1 hybrid combinations were evaluated in two sets of environments on experimental farm of the Cotton Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MS). The experimental design was randomized block design with three replications with repetition over two sets of environments. The analysis of variance was performed to test the significance of difference between the progenies for all the traits under investigation. The mean sum of squares due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the characters indicating the importance of both additive and non – additive gene effects in expression of these characters. The predictability ratio indicated that all most all the characters were found to be governed by additive components of genetic variance whereas plant height, seed cotton yield per plant, seed index and fibre strength were found to be controlled by additive as well as non–additive genetic components of genetic variance. In the present investigation the parents AKH–84635 and LRA–5166 expressed favorable GCA effects for most of the characters over the environments. Most of the cross combinations showed positive and significant specific combining ability effects for seed cotton yield per plant. Maximum positive significant SCA effects were recorded for seed cotton yield per plant in the cross by KH–118 x AKH–62 (17.15) followed by AKH–84635 x LRA–5166 (11.68) and JLH–1594 x AKH–24 (8.83). The crosses viz., AKH-44 x LRA-5166 and JLH-1594 x LRA-5166 may be advanced in further generations for development of superior genotypes

Occupation means the involvement of the respondents in different activities as a source of income for their livelihood. It plays a relevant role in influencing the level of knowledge of banana growers about integrated pest management. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to study occupation and its relationship with the level of knowledge of banana growers about integrated pest management. The result of study revealed that slightly less than three-fourth (74.00 per cent) of the banana growers were depend on farming + animal husbandry and farming. It is also revealed occupation of the banana growers had positive and significant correlation (r = 0.240*) with their level of knowledge about IPM