The study was conducted at Sawer blocks of Indore district, Madhya Pradesh. where FLDs were conducted by IARI Regional station on Wheat, Indore M.P. during 2015-16 and 2016-17,60 wheat growers were benefited by this programme. All the beneficiary farmers, and same number of non-beneficiary farmers, were selected randomly from same villages of Indore district. Thus, 120 respondents were selected to constitute the sample of the study. For the study purpose 11 independent variables namely age, education, age, education, annual income, marketing behavior, farm power, land holding, farm mechanization, attitude, economic motivation, knowledge and mass media exposure were selected for analyzing their relationship with the response variable i.e., scientific temperament. The study revealed that majority of the respondents 50% belonged to middle age group, middle school education, medium size of land holding, one bullock pair, medium level of farm mechanization, Rs. 60,001 to 1,00,000/- annual income, medium & high marketing behaviour, high level of economic motivation, medium level attitude, high level of knowledge and medium level of mass media exposure.

It has been observed by many research workers worldwide that the vegetation indices of crops derived from satellite data may have close correlation with the crop coefficients. It is also seen that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) plays an important role in prediction of crop coefficients and other parameters also. The present study was carried out in wheat growing districts of central Maharashtra. Multidate 8 images of satellite IRS P-6, AWiFS sensor of the rabi season of 2012-13, were used for the study. Necessary ground truth work was carried out. By necessary processing of image data NDVI of wheat fields was obtained. It was found that NDVI has close relation with crop coefficients of wheat obtained by all the three methods of reference eapotranspiration. NDVI-Kc PM linear regression showed highest R2 value (0.895) indicating superiority over other methods of calculating crop coefficients. The relation is given by linear equation Kc PM = 6.461NDVI - 1.157 The results demonstrate that this approach may prove a very useful method for large scale estimation of crop evapotranspiration using crop coefficient estimated by this approach.

Bamboo, a fast growing woody grass, exhibits multidimensional significance for humankind. Among various species, Dendrocalamus strictus covers around 45% of total bamboo resource of the country. To meet the public and industrial demand, large scale propagation becomes crucial but due to irregular flowering cycle and monocarpic nature, seed based propagation is limited. Due to abundant availability and easy handling practices, a branch cutting based macropropagation experiment was performed in the mist chamber of Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. Experiment was designed in completely randomized design. Three various plant growth regulators viz. IAA, IBA and NAA were used with concentration 2000 and 4000ppm. Result showed that IBA_2000 treatment was best for the branch cuttings of D. strictus where maximum root length and root number was found to be 25 cm and 20 respectively. There is significant difference in the root length and root numbers of various treatments. Overall rooting percentage was 25.40% with maximum percentage of 66.66% in IBA_2000ppm treatment. This method is effective for the mass propagation of D. strictus.

Crop Insurance serves as a cushion against yield led income loss due to risk factors. Several insurance schemes had been implemented since 1972 with improvements based on experience in the earlier schemes. Agricultural Insurance Company is the Implementing Agency of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna in Madurai District. This district is classified under cluster-1 I which is medium risk category. Sample survey results showed that nearly 78 percent of crop loans were dispersed through cooperative societies and 22 percent through the commercial banks. Madurai District Central Cooperative Bank (MDCCB) and Lead Bank play a crucial role in dispersal of loans and help farmers in insurance claims. Nearly 80 percent of the sample farmers were willing to pay the existing level of premium, 17% of the farmers were expecting to reduce the premium from the existing level. Though adequate awareness was created among the farming community about the PMFBY, 24 percent of farmers were not aware of prevented sowing and exempted clauses of the scheme. Overall, the farmers were satisfied with the PMFBY compared to NAIS as it provided large amount of claims in general.

Barnyard Millet is one of the preferred millet crops in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu. However, the productivity of barnyard millet is very low, due to lack of high yielding varieties and non adoption of integrated crop management practices. To replace this inconsistency of practices, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Madurai has laid out ten Front Line Demonstrations in the farmer’s field at Thirumangalam, Usilampatti and Sedapatti blocks. Farmers were provided improved crop management practices which resulted in higher yield than that obtained through the farmers’ practices. The yield increase percentage in Front Line Demonstrations was 29.41 over farmers practice.

The present study was conducted in Sahapur and Bhimpur block were purposively selected based on tribal area of Betul district of M.P. The total sample was consisted 120 respondents for the study. Objective of study is to explore the relationship between profile of tribal farmers with their knowledge & adoption about eco-friendly practices; and study the level of knowledge and extent of adoption of tribal farmers about eco-friendly management practices. Majority of the respondents suggested making availability of pest resistant varieties, followed by three-fourth of respondents said organizing training on eco-friendly practices to minimise the ill effect of agrochemicals as perceived by farmers.

Non-Wood Forest Products are products from forest which is important for addressing poverty issues for the marginalized, forest dependent communities as an alternative source of income. Hence the present study was conducted with the objectives to identify and document the production of various NWFPs in the study area, to identify the potential service providers and for mapping the value chain of NWFP’s. The study was conducted in Salem Forest circle of Tamil Nadu. The study uses both secondary and primary data. The sample size of the study was 130. Simple average, percentage analysis was used. The major NWFP’s present in the study area was tamarind, gallnut, phoenix grass, shiyakai (Acacia concinna), amla, curry leaf, kalakai, wood apple, palmyrah, honey and thandrikai. Among these, tamarind and gallnut were the major NWFP’s collected by forest dwellers from the forest and hence value chain analysis was done for these two products. The value-added products were deseeded tamarind fruit, tamarind seed powder and gallnut powder. The stakeholders involved in the value chain were producer, village traders, primary wholesaler processor, secondary wholesaler, retailer and consumer. The total value addition for per quintal of tamarind fruit was Rs. 3709 and it was Rs.1103 for gallnut. The results of Acharya approach and Shepherd approach revealed that marketing channel II and channel I was efficient for tamarind fruit and gallnut respectively. The non-existence of organized market, a greater number of intermediaries in marketing of tamarind fruit, leads to low share to farmers from consumer price.

An attempt is made in the present study to analyse growth rates and instability indices of area under mango and banana; tomato and onion; turmeric and chilli crops of each sub sector of horticultural crops viz., fruits, vegetables and spices respectively based on the highest area under cultivation in Andhra Pradesh state and also to analyse the area shifts and projection of selected horticultural crops after the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh state. Annual compound growth rate and Cuddy- Della Valle index was worked out to analyse the growth rate and instability index respectively for the time period between 2010-11 to 2017-18, duly considering two periods viz., period I - before bifurcation (2010-11 to 2013-14) and period II - after bifurcation (2014-15 to 2017-18). Markov chain analysis was employed to know shifts in area under horticultural crops for Andhra Pradesh between two study periods. The highest growth rates were observed in onion (3.51) for India and in tomato (7.53) for Andhra Pradesh. The most stable horticultural crops identified were banana (II=0.45) and mango (II=1.67) for India and Andhra Pradesh respectively. The Markov chain analysis concluded that no major horticultural crop retained its extent of area share before bifurcation while mango crop retained 91.40 percent area share after bifurcation. The projected values revealed that except chillies, the horticultural crops showed positive trend for percentage of area share under total horticultural crop area in upcoming years from 2019-20 to 2021-22. Hence to get along with the shift of area under horticulture crops and also to protect farmers against a glut, crop-specific policies are to be formulated to gain profitable income from horticulture crops.

A good deal of work in establishing closer linkage between research and extension has been done in the last few years. Recent studies have indicated that differences between leaders and other members of a group are not as sharply defined as were previously believed, and have produced little evidence of universal character traits that would describe essential and distinguishing leadership qualities. A study was conducted based on the secondary data to collect the review on socio personal characteristics of panchayat leaders.