The present study was undertaken to explore the constraints faced by the cooperative and private dairy farmers. The constraints were prioritized using rank-based quotient (RBQ) technique. Based on the assessment, the results disclosed that the major constraint faced by the cooperative dairy industries was high competition with other industries. Maintaining the dairy industry was the most considerable constraint faced by the private dairy sector. Less remunerative price given by the dairies was the major impediment faced by the cooperative dairy farmers and inadequate availability of feed and fodder was the extensive problem confronted with private dairy farmers. Wholesalers and retailers considered that maintenance costs were the major impediment noticed. Finally, the availability of various products was the major constraint faced by the consumers

The suitable package of practices developed by Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli for groundnut crop in Konkan have the highest groundnut productivity (1800 kg ha-1) over national productivity during rabi. The different package of practices with suitable varieties for groundnut in different zones of India also recorded higher yields. Roha, Dist. Raigad district imply they have higher yield with TKG Bold variety with recommended package of practices, which showed there is massive scope for increasing groundnut crop in Konkan particularly in Raigad district during Kharif as well as during Rabi cum summer season

In Gujarat, the rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleurodidae) is reported during the year 2019. It is an invasive and polyphagous pest that attacks a different host including coconut, banana. sapota, mango, custard apple, guava, curry tree, papaya, white wax jambu, Indian almond, curry tree, sorghum, groundnut etc. It has needle-like mouth parts and sucks cell sap from leaves. It causes stress to the plant by sucking nutrients and water. It excretes a sticky, glistening liquid substance (honeydew) on leaves which provides an excellent substrate for growth of sooty molds that reduces the photosynthesis activity. Management through cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods have been found effective again this pest

The study was conducted in purposively selected Mysuru district of Karnataka state because largest number of crop specific FPOs (10 FPOs) are operating in the district out of 182 FPOs in Karnataka state. The two organisations Varuna Horticulture Farmer Producer Company Limited (VHFPC) and Arkeshwara Horticulture Farmer Producer Company Limited (AHFPC) were purposively selected. The respondents for the study were the members in the organisations. The list of organisational members was taken from each organisation growing Banana and Tomato crop thus 60 respondents were selected by simple random sampling technique. Thus, a total of 120 member farmers were selected for the study. Ex-post-facto research design was used for the present study. The collected data was analyzed using mean, frequency, standard deviation, With respect to the personal characteristic of VHFPC members, it was found that majority half (70.00 %) of them belonged to middle age group, had high school education (35.00 %) and belonged to medium sized family (45.00 %) further they had low farming experience (38.33 %), and belonged to big farmers (60.00 %) category. With respect to the personal characteristic of AHFPC members it was found that over half (56.67 %) of them belonged to young age group, had high school education (33.33 %), belonged to medium sized family (65.00 %), had low farming experience (45.00 %), and belonged to small farmers (46.67 %)

Along with provision of drip irrigation systems for various crops farmers are given scientifically estimated irrigation schedules. A tabulation of daily water requirement of the crop is a must for proper implementation of drip systems. In projects, a matching of land area that can be cultivated and volume of water available in the water source is to be done at the beginning of the projects. Farmers, when they began understanding that irrigation is based on crop water requirement and not total water available in the well start asking the above question. Hence the estimations are done based on the crop chosen and the evaporation of the location

The present investigation was undertaken during kharif season of 2015 at School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 10 treatments, replicated thrice with two local rice cultivars and five different nutrient management practices. The study results showed that the application of 100% RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM recorded the highest grain yield (3140 kg ha-1), straw yield (8889 kg ha-1), soil available NPK (381.95 kg ha-1, 24.55 kg ha-1 and 229.31 kg ha-1, respectively). Combination of the cultivar ‘Nyakmok’ with an application of 100% RDF resulted significantly highest P uptake (19.93 kg ha-1), K uptake (56.83 kg ha-1), and B: C ratio (1.24). The highest gross return per hectare (? 44,305) was recorded in cultivar ‘Nyakmok’ + 100% RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), commonly known as Ratanjyot is widely distributed in the world. In recent years it has been in news in global market owing to the utilization of its seed oil in biodiesel production. In view of its industrial importance twenty Jatropha accessions collected from different locations of U.P. were analyzed for various biometrical, physical and biochemical characteristics of seed. As regards biometrical parameter, the accessions K9 recorded largest seed (18.14mm) as well as highest seed length/breadth ratio (1.15). These were also identified as bolder seed accessions as they recorded highest seed index of 64.65g/100 seed. Seed index of various Jatropha accessions illustrated a significant variability from 45.45 to 64.65 g /100seeds depicting a mean value of 56.10g per 100 seeds. Amplitude of 2.70g in respect of seed index of different accessions indicates fair scope in identifying bolder seed sources for multiplication through breeding trials. K8 was identified as boldest seed bearing accessions as it differed significantly with rest of the accessions. It was interesting to note that K7, K8, K9, K13, 14, K15, K19, K21, K22, K24 and K25 also recorded seed index of more than 56.10g/100 and can be considered as bolder seed bearing accessions

Application of herbicides at various stages of rice fields with varying frequencies is a common practice in controlling rice weeds. Introduction of Herbicide Resistant (HR) rice enabled implementation of weed management with reduced cost, labor and efficacy while minimizing the environment pollutions. A broad-spectrum herbicide, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine commercially known as glyphosate, targets 5-pyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids through shikimic acid pathway in plants. The plant mutagen, Ethyl Methyl Sulfonate (EMS) causes mutants in EPSPS which occur in glyphosate tolerant crops. The present study focused on the development of HR-rice varieties through chemical mutagens, which adds another dimension into effective weed management in rice cropping systems in Sri Lanka paving the way to secure the food supply to the nation. HR-rice lines were developed using EMS and Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (FAFLP) analysis was carried out to identify molecular markers for HR-induced varieties. Seeds of twenty-five cultivated rice varieties were treated with 0.5gl-1 EMS and resulted mutated survived plants were exposed to glyphosate to assess the herbicide resistance. AFLP analysis was performed on EMS-mutated rice plants with 16 AFLP primer combinations. AFLP maker E11M31 indicated higher discriminative capability for natural herbicide resistant rice lines while E11M32 for HR-induced rice lines produced through EMS mutagenesis

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the response of irrigation, nitrogen and phosphorus levels on economics and water productivity of timely sown bed planted wheat. The experiment consisted of sixteen treatment combinations of four levels of irrigation (Two, three, four and five irrigations in main plots) and four fertilizer levels (80, 90, 100 and 110 percent of recommended N and P i.e., 150 kg N and 60 kg P2O5/ha) in sub-plots, laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The results showed that among the irrigation levels highest grain yield (5022 kg/ha), straw yield (8578 kg/ha), harvest index (36.9%) and B:C ratio (2.43) was recorded under five irrigated plots, whereas, among the fertilizer levels maximum grain yield (4765 kg/ha), straw yield (8134 kg/ha), harvest index (36.9%) and B:C ratio (2.40) was recorded under application of 110% N and P

The present study aimed to investigate preferred teaching styles of young faculties in agricultural education among 23 constituent colleges of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003using Staffordshire Evaluation of Teaching Styles (SETS). An online survey was conducted among 156 young faculties of 2014 Batch working in different constituent colleges of TNAU and 73 faculties respondent to the survey. The results showed that, 62.53 percent preferred The one-off teacher style followed by 62.26 percent preferring The student centered, sensitive teacher style. The all-round flexible and adaptable teaching style was preferred by 61.64 percent. The Official Curriculum Teacher was preferred by 61.23 percent, 58.97 percent preferred “The Big Conference Teacher” and 58.08 percent of the faculties preferred The Straight Fact no Non-sense Teacher” type of teaching style. From the results, it was concluded that, blended teaching approach can balance a teachers personal strengths and interest with student’s needs and curricular requirements enables a teacher to tailor their teaching according to the student’s needs and as per subject matter

The present study was undertaken to assess area and yield interaction of minor millets in Tamil Nadu. Data was consolidated for 20 years from 1998-2018. The linear, quadratic and exponential functions were fitted in order to analyze the angle of inclination in area, production and productivity of millets in Tamil Nadu. The results revealed that the ‘c’ value in quadratic functional forms for production and productivity are positive and significant for the total millets in Tamil Nadu but negative and non-significant for area coverage. Growing of millet crops is not risky as the CV of area, production and productivity of millet crops was found to be less than 0.438. It was found from the study that there is an increased production due to adoption of improved varieties of millets and recommended package of practices developed by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

As ATMA project follows the bottom-up approach Farmers Interest Group is the fundamental and crucial part of this project. Farmer Interest Group is a new model for farmers to learn and innovate. The study was conducted on animal husbandry-based FIGs of Anand district, Gujarat, India with a specific objective to know the farmers inclination towards FIG under ATMA. About 200 FIG members were taken as respondents during the study. Correlation, Multiple regression and Path analysis were used to interpret the results. The results indicate that majority (29.00 percent) of the FIG members belonged to medium level of inclination towards FIG, followed by 23.00 percent had low level of inclination towards FIGs. It also revealed that availability of ICT tools, experience of FIG, extension contact, scientific orientation and Kisan Credit Card possession were the major contributing variables in the direction of farmers’ inclination towards FIG