The COVID-19 pandemic has enforced various sectors to shift their bases online including education, where numerous schools, colleges and universities have started giving education to their students through online platforms. In this context, Dairy Science College at Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat has also taken some measures to provide seamless online teaching-learning to its students during the pandemic. This research article discusses the perception of Undergraduate students of the B.Tech (Dairy Technology) course about the Online Teaching-Learning during Lockdown Period of COVID-19 Pandemic. A survey was conducted by the researchers wherein the data was collected using online Google form questionnaire from the respondent students. The important findings of the study revealed except the problem of low internet speed, there were no other major technology related problems faced during the online teaching-learning. Google classroom and Google Meet were the most widely used platforms, Online teaching learning for theory is as not as effective as offline theory teaching similarly the online delivery of "Practical Classes" are not totally effective and students feel extra tiring of eyes. Hence, it is suggested that in order to improve the online teaching-learning in dairy education in India, factors such as less hours of online teaching be provided in order to reduce the tiredness of students. Also new effective ways of providing knowledge during the Practical classes especially because of the inability to feel the organoleptic (e.g. Taste, Smell, etc.) and other sensory attributes (Sound, Intensity, etc.) which are very important in Dairy process.

Sugarcane is grown in an area of 98,912ha in Andhra Pradesh. In Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh net sown area under sugarcane was 32,153 ha and the productivity is 57.5 t/ha which is very low while compared to state average. Sugarcane is one of the high values and important cash crops in India. The net returns of sugarcane growers in India and also in Andhra Pradesh is low. Among many reasons is high investment on production and poor management practices plays a major role. The present article deals with the effect of paired row planting as a cost reduction technology in yield improvement in sugarcane, its effect on net returns and farmers perception regarding advantages and dis advantages of paired row planting. The study was undertaken in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh during 2017-19. The beneficiary farmers achieved improvement in net returns by increased cane yield of 3.5-5 t/ha. They also got additional economic benefit by adopting inter cropping. The net returns were Rs.80549 in farmers practice as against Rs.113395 under paired row planting. Paired row planting technology produced 28.9% higher net returns compared to the farmers’ practice. In spite of the limitation of small land holdings with boundaries, majority of the beneficiaries expressed their willingness to adopt this technology in larger areas. The study helps to get a better apprehension of the comparative advantage of paired row planting in farmer’s fields and their realization of this fast spreading technology in Andhra Pradesh

Groundwater assumes prime importance in arid areas like western Rajasthan where there is no other source of water. To meet the demand of ever-increasing population and economic development, groundwater has been indiscriminately exploited. An attempted has been made to assess the groundwater scenario of western Rajasthan over a long period of time, based on data collected from various sources. The number of wells (dug well /bore well /tube well) has increased four times with an annual growth rate of 9.91% (123051 in 1971 to 610992 in 2015) in last four decades. The increasing number of wells has exacerbated the over drafting of groundwater, which has resulted in decline in groundwater table. The rate of decline in the groundwater table is the highest (> 0.50 m y-1) in Jalore and Pali followed by Jodhpur, Jhunjhunu, Nagaur and Sikar (0.44-0.48 m y-1) districts. The over exploitation of groundwater is also resulted in deterioration of water quality. Groundwater in >80% areas is having EC >2.0 d Sm-1 and is moderately good for irrigation, whereas 40% area have EC > 4.0 d Sm-1, which is not very suitable for irrigation. A significant change has been observed in cropping pattern during last decade. With availability of tube-well and canal water, several high-water requiring crops like cotton, groundnut, sugarcane, rice, wheat, castor, etc., were introduced in area and severely impacted groundwater levels and quality. The severe and ongoing depletion of groundwater levels in western Rajasthan poses a growing threat to the food security. There is need for augmented/accelerated groundwater recharge, conjunctive use of poor-quality groundwater with rainwater, protected agriculture and rejuvenation of traditional water harvesting structures like village Pond, Tanka, Nadi, Khadin etc. to reduce the pressure on groundwater resources.

The present experiment was carried out in the laboratory, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus during 2016-17 and 2017-18. The objective was to evaluate the influence of maturity stages on different processed products (whole dried pod, paste and powder) with 3 replications and stored at ambient condition. The results showed that, the maturity stages had significant influence on the shelf life of whole dried pod, paste and powder. For whole dried pod, the highest was recorded from turning stage and lowest from red stage. For paste and powder, the highest was recorded from red stage and lowest from matured green stage

An experiment was carried out to study the “Effect of blanching and different drying methods on colour retention of Naga King Chilli” in the laboratory, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus during 2016-17 and 2017-18. The samples were collected from a farmer’s field in Dimapur district of Nagaland, India. The results showed that, the blanching treatment had significant influence on the colour retention. The colour value gradually decreased with the storage time. The colour retention was highest in blanched samples and lowest in unblanched samples on all dates of observation. Besides, the different drying methods (sun drying, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C) had significant influence on the colour retention of dried naga king chilli fruits. The colour value gradually decreased with the storage time. The highest was recorded from samples dried at 60°C and lowest in sundried samples on all dates of observation

The regional setup in Tamil Nadu in houses various plantations such as Amla, Tamarind and other fruits crop. The sustainability of the establishment and management of the plantations mainly rely on the social status of the people. There social determinates pave way towards the wealth of the plantation. Hence the study was designed as an export facto research design. Amla widely grown in various agroforestry systems by the farmers for profitable income and other benefits. Purposive sampling method was adopted for the selection of the district with the criteria of maximum area under cultivation of Amla. The study was conducted in Tirunelveli, Dindugaland Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu. In each district thirty farmers were selected; the total sample was 90. The required information was collected through personal interview method, with the help of comprehensive pre tested interview schedule. Percentage analysis was done for making sample comparisons. Social determinates were analysed in the selected district. The basic social variants such as age, educational status, family composition, farming experience in amla cultivation and land holding were the major attributes discussed for the study. These attributes play a major role in managing various technologies among the farmers

Groundwater development in the case of hard rock areas is threatened by uncertainties inter alia nature of rock type, type of aquifer, number and type of wells per unit of utilizable groundwater. However, groundwater is the major source of irrigation in Karnataka especially in rain fed south-eastern districts of Kolar, Bengaluru, Tumakuru and Chitradurga. It is the key component in agricultural development in these areas. In this study, the Economic perspectives of well irrigated Agricultural farms are studied in Tumakuru district in hard rock areas of Karnataka State. The study area is covered the parts of central Dry-Zone of Karnataka comes under the Hemavathy river basin. Tumkur district has emerged as the most over-exploited district in terms of groundwater extraction and use was selected for the study. Simple averages, ratio measures, percentages and proportions are computed in order to draw meaningful inferences and to facilitate comparison of the average farm situation in Irrigation wells located under tank command (GWTI) i.e., System tank, Irrigation wells located under canal command (GWCI) and Irrigation wells located under sole irrigation, i.e., located neither under tank or canal command (GWSI). The proportionate of working to failed well was 1.22: 1 in case of GWSI farms, it was 4: 1 and 4.62:1 in case of GWTI and GWSI farms respectively. Thus, prima facie GWTI and GWCI farmers have greater access to groundwater irrigation compared to GWSI farmers. Thus, the proportion of functioning wells in System tanks (GWTI and GWCI) is 80 percent compared to 55 percent in GWSI. This result confirms the importance of the water linkage through channels for recharging groundwater. This study apparently is a pointer towards the role of channel water linkage in promoting ground water recharge. The farms served by System Tank (GWTI) and Canal command (GWCI) have registered the highest net returns compared with farms in GWSI. This indicates the supremacy of the performance of GWTI and GWCI in heralding agricultural development due to recharge from irrigation tank and canal commands

Twenty-five Blackgram (Vigna mungo l. Hepper) genotypes were evaluated for the estimation of genetic variability parameters, correlation coefficient, path analysis, heritability and genetic advance. The analysis of variance for all the characters revealed that parents were significant for all the characters. Higher difference between GCV and PCV were depicted for grain yield, harvest index. High to Moderate heritability couples with moderate genetic advance recorded for Days to maturity, Biological yield, number of primary branches per plant indicating predominance of additive gene effects and possibilities of effective selection for the improvement of these characters. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield per plant exhibited positive and significant correlation with no of seed per pod, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, days to 50% flowering at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis revealed that characters no. of primary branches per plant, days to maturity, harvest index, number of clusters per plant have positive direct effect on seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels

A study was conducted in Agriculture Research Station, Pakhribas, Dhankutato evaluate the performance of Boer x Khari cross kids. A total of 88 kids born on during 2018/19 were used for the analysis of mean of birth weight, weaning weight, eight-month weight and twelve-month-old weight. Out of all born F1 kids, 47 were male and 41 kids were female and the kid mortality rate was 6.81%. The birth weight for Boer x Khari cross kids were 2.4 ± 0.38 kg for male and 2.17 ± 0.43 for female kids. The mean body weight at weaning, eight month and twelve-month weight were 7.62 ± 1.37 kg, 17.28 ± 1.37 kg and 27.38 ±1.24 kg respectively. The body weight gained from birth to weaning, weaning to twelve month and birth to twelve months were 45.75, 82.33 and 69.18 gm/day respectively. From the study, it can be concluded that the Boer x Khari kids may have better growth performance with improved hereditary selection, feeding system and management method