Choosing a right and relevant career path is very important for the youth of today. Everyone aspires to achieve something unique in their life. The present study was conducted in a premier State Agriculture University (SAU) in Uttarakhand to find out career aspirations of Undergraduate Agriculture students. The study sample comprised of final year students of Undergraduate course, i.e. B. Sc. Agriculture. Following census method of sampling, the study included all the final year Undergraduate Agriculture students (n=126). The study findings revealed that“ pursing higher studies, i.e. doing M.Sc. /Ph. D.” was found to be the most preferred career aspiration of Undergraduate Agriculture students followed by “becoming a scientist in ICAR (Indian Council of Agriculture Research) system”, “securing an administration position in SAU/ICAR”, “securing job in central government” whereas “becoming a Professor/Teacher in an SAU” was the least preferred career choice. Further, student’s academic performance, family background, parent’s occupation, parent’s annual income, mass media exposure, and achievement motivation displayed a positive and significant correlation with career aspirations of the undergraduate agricultural students. The study findings will be helpful for higher agriculture educationists, agriculture policy makers and planners to understand the nature and extent of career aspirations and accordingly devise suitable policies and promote alternative occupations.

Three-point hitch dynamometer for the tractor was designed, developed, instrumented and calibrated. This three-point hitch dynamometer is suitable for use with tractors having category II or III hitch. The dynamometer has 6 load cells for measuring the soil reactions on the implement. These load cells are mounted between two sub frames and connected with Wireless Sensor Network. The data acquisition system was NI WSN-3214 Strain Nodes, NI 9792 WSN real-time Gateway and computer running NI LAB View 2013 software with developed data logger program. The procedure for calculating the tillage force was developed and the dynamometer was tested in field and verified.

Moringa oleifera is known worldwide for its nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses. The present investigation was undertaken with a view to estimate the nature and extent of genetic variability created by gamma rays (100 Gy, 200 Gy and 300 Gy) and EMS treatment (0.15 %, 0.20% and 0.25%) on annual moringa variety PKM 1 with respect to five quantitative characters viz., number of primary branches, chlorophyll content, number of rachis, fresh weight of rachis and dry weight of rachis that contributes to leaf biomass enhancement. Mean, range and co-efficient of variation were worked out for M1 generation. Shift in mean towards positive and negative direction was observed for all the traits except number of primary branches under study with no particular trend of shift in mean along the treatments. Widening of range value towards positive side of the control value was observed only for number of primary branches. The coefficient of variability was high for the traits namely, number of primary branches, number of rachis, fresh weight of rachis and dry weight of the rachis. Over all, EMS treatment was found to be productive in creating more variability in favour of leaf biomass enhancement traits.

The study was conducted in Tamil Nadu State with the objectives of studying the Socio-Economic Status of swine farmers. The study employed random sampling procedure subjected to stratified classification for farmers category which consists of total 45 sample farmers which were exclusively selected from North-Eastern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu, with help of pre-tested questionnaire during the year 2013-2014. The results show that, the analysis of socio-economic profile showed that 13.30 percent were illiterates. 40.00 percent were landless and 68.88 percent were from middle age group and only 6.64 percent were females. About 78 percent farmers had an experience less than 5 years. Further, the study also revealed that, the housing pattern of swine farms in the study area revealed that among the sample farms, 68.89 percent had thatched type housing and 4.44 percent the farms were under concrete roof. The study concludes that, the swine farming is observed as major livelihood activities especially in study area among the sample respondents and also providing employment opportunity for the sample farmers. Hence, these kinds of attributes related to enhancing socio-economic conditions can boost the standard of living of the farmers who have engaged in swine farming in rainfed areas.

The field experiment was conducted at Research Farm Area, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif 2016 to study the effect of biofertilizers on quality and yield of pearl millet under rainfed condition. The soil of the experimental site was low in organic carbon, slightly alkaline in reaction, non-saline, low in available N, medium in available P and high in available K. Twelve treatments i.e. T1(Control), T2 (Seed treatment with Biomix), T3(Foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108cfu ml-1 at 15 DAS), T4(Foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108cfu ml-1 at 30 DAS), T5[RDF (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1)], T6[75 % RDF (30 kg N + 15 kg P2O5 ha-1], T7(T5 + seed treatment with Biomix), T8(T5 + foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108cfu ml-1 at 15 DAS), T9(T5 + foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108cfu ml-1 at 30 DAS), T10(T6 + seed treatment with Biomix), T11(T6 + foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108cfu ml-1 at 15 DAS), T12(T6 + foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108cfu ml-1 at 30 DAS) were laid out in RBD in three replicates. The combined application of biomix along with RDF (recommended dose of fertilizer) increased the protein content in grain over the control up to the extent of 16 percent. N content, Nand P uptake in grain was significantly increased in treatment T7[T5 + seed treatment with Biomix] then T1- control. The N and P uptake ranged from 28.41-59.01 and 4.30-9.70 kg/ha among different treatments with the maximum with T7. The highest protein yield recorded with the combined application of biomix along with RDF (T7) was 107.8 and 17.3 percent higher over control (T1) and RDF (T5), respectively.

The pot experiment was carried out on the population dynamics of earthworm (E.fetida) different doses of organic and inorganic source in soil of different soil depth. The experiment was conducted in 16 treatments with three replications of different amount of FYM, DAP, Urea, phorate and leaf litter at three depth of (0-15, 15-30, 30-45 cm) of soil along with inoculation of earthworms (Esinia fetida). Soil sample were draw for the number of earthworms and analyses of bulk density, organic carbon soil pH, EC, Available N,P,K,S and Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn on 110 DAT. The bulk density and pH were found decrease in all depth with treatment of FYM @ 60t/ha significantly, while EC of soil showed not much more significant difference among the treatments with no marked difference. Organic carbon content was significantly increased by all sources under the influence of earthworm, but earthworm alone treatment did not show any beneficial effect on enhancement of organic carbon, the application of FYM @ 60t/ha treatment significantly more effective. The earthworm and organic and inorganic materials a three depth were indicated greater available N and K in T7 at the30-45 cm depth than leaf litter treatment might be due to direct incorporation of nitrogen through FYM @60t/ha but highly effective was found 300 mg/kg urea application to the available N pool of the soil. Amount of available phosphorus and sulphur in all depth showed a gradual increase from depth 0-15 to 30- 45 showed greater amounts in T6 and further decreased up to 30-45cm depth with T12. Available Fe, Cu and Zn content were found gradual increased from upper to 30-45 cm depth on high dose of inorganic materials (DAP,urea and phorate) only. Greater available Mn content was found by the treatment of FYM @60 t/ha application in second depth in T3. So, that application of FYM @60t/ha was appeared to highly effective to count earthworm population at 0-15 cm soil depth where higher doses of phorate (>15kg/ha) cause the detrimental effect on earthworm.

This research paper describes the performance evaluation and economic analysis of solar dryer for drying of perishable agricultural produces. The dryer was fabricated using locally available materials, e.g. galvanized iron sheet, M.S. angle, glass and S.S. wire mesh. The provision of tilting the dryer helps receive maximum solar radiation round the year at Jodhpur, India as optimally inclined surface receive 22.8% more solar radiation as compared to horizontal surface. Therefore, optimally tilted solar dryer has been used for this study. Different types of fruit and vegetables were dried in the solar dryer during the year 2017. During the drying process, moisture content of tomato was reduced from 95% (wet basis) to about 5%, in spinach 93% to 5%, in carrot 71% to 12%, in ber 80% to 20% and in lasoda/gonda it was reduced from 85% to 10% within 2 days in solar dryer for tomato, spinach, carrot and gonda and 10 days for ber. The efficiency of the dryer was found to be 17.57 %. The economic evaluation of the solar dryer (cost Rs 9000 and life of dryer = 10 years) revealed which high value of IRR (84.4 percent) and low value of payback period (1.42 years) make the dryer unit very cost efficient. The economic indicator benefit-cost- ratio was found 2.09, which shows the potential of using solar dryers in place of conventional dryers. The economic attributes namely net present worth (` 41830) and annuity (` 5635) of the system revealed its economic viability. The use of inclined solar dryer in remote locations/rural areas can go a long way in reducing post-harvest losses as well as carbon emission. The use of solar dryer will prove to be a great boon for farmers of arid region of Rajasthan.

Four years old primiparous Murrah buffalo at full term with the history of straining since last 12 hours was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex. The case was diagnosed as dystocia due to Schistosoma reflexus based on clinical examination. A successful per-vaginal management of dystocia due to Schistosomus reflexus monster in a Murrah buffalo is reported here.

Sugarcane is the most popular cash crop of tropical zone and successfully cultivated by farmers of tropical as well as subtropical India. It occupies 4.73 million hectares area and produced about 376.90 million-ton sugarcane in India. Uttar Pradesh occupied 57 % area of the country i.e., 2.7 million hectare and cane production is 182.07 million ton with highest producer of sugarcane as well as sugar in India but per hectare average yield is still below from some states of India. Keeping this in view U.P. Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahanpur started Mobile based Sugarcane advisory services on the mobile phones of farmers of U.P to facilitate them about latest available Sugarcane production technology. A sum of 65000 farmers were added by this service and 5.0 lakh massages regarding complete package of practices including land preparation, soil health, balance use of fertilizers, sowing/planting methods, irrigation, INM, IPM and plant protection technology were sent to the farmers from time to time. After completion of the message, feedback was also observed from concerned farmers and analysed. For this study out of 65000 registered farmers only 50 farmers were selected randomly. Based on their feedback analysis, it is observed that due to timely information to the farmers on their mobile phones, their knowledge level was increased, Attitude and skills were also changed resulting into saving in production cost on one hand and productivity of cane as well as sugar in the state on other hand.

Combining ability studies were carried out through line x tester analysis involving four lines and five testers for nine quantitative traits in blackgram. The relative estimates of variance due to specific combining ability (sca) were higher than variance due to general combining ability (gca) for plant height and number of pods per plant indicating the pre-dominance of non additive gene action for these traits. The parents ACM-16-017, VBN (Bg)8, KKM1 and ACM-16-014 were good general combiners for number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and days to 50% flowering. The cross ‘ACM-16-017xVBN8’ exhibited significant positive sca effects for number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed yield and single plant yield along with high per se performance. The crosses; ACM-16-017xVBN8, ACM-16-017xKKM1, ACM-16-014xVBN8 and ACM-16-014xKKM1 recorded highly significant sca effects as well as high per se performance for number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight. These crosses could be further exploited to obtain transgressive segregants in the breeding programme.

Simple and precise methods for accurate calculation of wet –bulb temperature and dew-point temperatures are presented in the paper. Input parameters required for calculation of dew-point temperature and wet-bulb temperature are dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity. In this paper, the equations for determining dew point temperature for the entire pressure range are given. The equations proposed here for saturation vapour pressure for temperature range (0ºC to 110ºC) has an average error of 0.042% only and for temperature range (0ºC to -40ºC) error of 0.108% and the same equations can be rewritten to determine the value of dew-point temperature. The mean absolute deviation in calculated values of dew-point temperature was 0.04%. The proposed method for dew-point temperature led to an average error of 0.083%as compared to that of correct values. The mean absolute deviation in calculated values of wet-bulb temperature for the entire range (-40ºC to 110ºC) was 0.031ºC. The proposed method for wet-bulb temperature led to an average error of 0.09% as compared to that of correct values.