EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION REGIME AND PHOSPHORUS LEVEL ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF SUMMER GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEA L.)

T. MADHURI DEVI¹*, M.D. BAIRAGYA², A.L. PRASANNA³, A. ZAMAN^4
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, M S S School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Parlakhemundi, 761211, India
²Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
³Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, M S S School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Parlakhemundi, 761211, India
⁴Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, M S S School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Parlakhemundi, 761211, India
* Corresponding Author : md36064@gmail.com

Received : 02-06-2019     Accepted : 27-06-2019     Published : 30-06-2019
Volume : 11     Issue : 12       Pages : 8673 - 8676
Int J Agr Sci 11.12 (2019):8673-8676

Keywords : Summer Groundnut, Irrigation, Phosphorus Level, Yield and Yield Attributes, Economics
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Authors are thankful to Faculty of Agriculture, M S S School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Parlakhemundi, 761211, Odisha, India
Author Contribution : All authors equally contributed

Groundnut is an important source of oil and protein and is considered as king of vegetable oilseed crop. Oil seeds occupy an important position in the agriculture economic of the country and occupy an area of 27.20 million hectares with the production of 32.80 million tones and productivity of 1108 kg ha-1. The largest production of oil seeds India has been recorded in Madhya Pradesh with production of 9.3 Mt of oil seeds in 2012-13. India is also the largest producer of oil seeds in the world and contributes 7% of the global vegetable oils production, with a 14% share in the global oil seeds area. Phosphorus is an important primary nutrient and enhances the root growth thereby facilitating absorption of water and nutrients from deeper layers. Phosphorus stimulates not only the root growth but also hastens the maturity of oilseed crops. The groundnut crop requires judicious supply of phosphorus for its normal growth and development. Being a day neutral crop, ample irrigations are required by groundnut in summer and missing any irrigation at any one of the critical growth stages results into considerable reduction in pod yield. High soil moisture results in pod rot, low yield and poor seed quality and also water stress reduces photosynthesis mainly due to reduction in photosynthetic area. A study has been conducted during summer season of 2018 at Bagusala Farm (18.80 N latitude and 84.18 E longitude) of M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, CUTM, Parlakhemundi, Odisha under typical humid and sub-tropical climatic conditions to know the best irrigation scheduling and optimum phosphorus level for summer groundnut. The treatment combinations include three irrigation levels (I1, I2 and I3 at 30, 60 and 90 CPE respectively) and four phosphorus levels (P1, P2, P3 and P4 at 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1, respectively). The treatments were laid out using Factorial Randomised Block Design and replicated thrice with 12 treatment combinations. The variety taken for the experiment was K-6 and sown on the spacing of 60cm×45cm. Irrespective of phosphorus levels, highest plant height (88.41cm), pod yield (23.92 q ha-1), kernel yield (16.99 qha-1), shelling (70.93%) foundinI1treatment. Where P4 produces highest number of pods plant-1 (17.16) and pod yield (23.15q ha-1) obtained from P4. Net return and B:C ratio (1.99) obtained highest in irrigation 30CPE and phosphorus applied @30kg ha-1 treatment plot.

1. Rajagopal K., Chandran K., Mishra J.B., Bhalodia P.K and Mathur,R.S. (2000) International Arachis Newsletter, 20, 18-20.
2. Parihar S. S., Gajri P. R. and Navrang R. S. (1974) Indian J. Agric., 44, 567-571.
3. Shinde G. G. (1980) Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Marathwada Agriculture University, Parbhani (M.S.) India.
4. Desai N. D., Joshi R. S. and Patel K. R. (1985) Agric. Sci. Digest., 5(2), 63-66.
5. Thorat S. T., Patil B. P. and Khanvilkar S. A. (1988) Agril. Sci. Digest., 8(2), 77-79.
6. Brady N. C. and Weil R.R. (2002) The Nature and Properties of Soils. (13th Ed.), Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., Indian Branch, Singapore. 311pp.
7. Singh S.M and Singh D. (2000) Indian J Agric. Sci. 70 (10),657- 660.
8. Jain R.C., Nema D.P., Khandwe R. and Thakur R. (1990) Indian J. Agric. Sci. 60,559- 566.
9. Ramesh R., Shanthamallaiah M.R., Jayadeva A.M. and Hiermath,R.R. (1997) Current Res. Univ. Agril. Sci. 26(11), 2002- 2004.
10. Rajanikanth E., Subrahmanyam M.V.R. and Rao J.V. (2008) Oilseeds Res., 25 (2), 157-160.
11. Panse V.G. and Sukhatme P.V. (1985) Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR publication.
12. Biswas Sonali and Saha A. (2009) J. Interacad., 13 (2), 156 – 158.
13. Mukherjee P. K and Rai R. K. (2000) Indian Journal of Agronomy, 45 (3), 602- 607.
14. Gobarah M.E., Mohamed M.H and Tawfik M.M. (2006) Journal of Applied Science Research, 2(80),491-496.
15. Hosamani M. H. and Janawade (2007) Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 20(3), 453-456.
16. Zalate P.Y. and padmani D.R. (2010) GAU Res. J., 35 (2),
17. Taruvinga B. (2014) Dissertation for Award of MSc Degree at Wageningen University, Netherlands, 81pp.
18. Shiyam J. O. (2010) Libyan Agriculture Research Centre Journal International 1, 211-214. Sorrensen, Sprent, J.I. and Sprent, P. (1990). “Nitrogen fixing organisms” Chapman and Hall. New York.
19. Compaore E., Catton P. and Taonda J. B. S. (2011) Effect of continuous mineral and organic fertilizer inputs and plowing on groundnut yield and soil fertility and groundnut sorghum rotation in Central Burkina Faso. In, Innovation as Key to Green Revolution in Africa. (Edited by Batiano A., Hattemink A., Lungu O., Naimi M., Okoth P., Smaling E. and Thiombiano L.), Central Burkina, Faso. pp. 22-36.