BIOFORTIFIED FOOD CROPS - AN APPROACH FOR ENHANCED NUTRITION

ASIMA GAZAL¹*, ZAHOOR AHMED DAR², AJAZ2 AHMAD LONE³, SHABIR H. WANI^4
1Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, 180009, Jammu and Kashmir
²Dry land Agricultural Research Station, Budgam, 190010, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir
³Dry land Agricultural Research Station, Budgam, 190010, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir
⁴Dry land Agricultural Research Station, Budgam, 190010, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir
* Corresponding Author : asimagazal@gmail.com

Received : 24-03-2018     Accepted : 28-03-2018     Published : 30-03-2018
Volume : 10     Issue : 6       Pages : 5645 - 5648
Int J Agr Sci 10.6 (2018):5645-5648

Keywords : Breeding Crops, Micronutrient Malnutrition, Anemia, Bioavailability, Zinc Iron
Academic Editor : Santhosh D B
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Author thankful to Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, 180009, Jammu and Kashmir
Author Contribution : All author equally contributed

The development of human potential is hindered by micronutrient deficiencies and the nation’s social and economic development gets impaired. The major organizations viz., World Health Organization (WHO) and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) are working on malnutrition on high priority basis. CGIAR group focus on biofortification through its Harvest Plus Program. Micronutrient content of the staple crops of the poor population viz., rice, wheat, maize, beans, cassava and sweet potatoes have been improved through breeding and biotechnological approaches. Biofortification is breeding crops for improvement in nutritional value achieved through either agronomic practices or through genetic breeding, or through bioengineering. It focuses on developing nutritious plant foods, rather than having nutrients added at the time of food processed. This is an agricultural approach that can improve human nutrition on a global scale. Agronomic biofortification is considered a short-term and complementary strategy, but economic analyses suggest that genetic biofortification is the most effective strategy for increasing dietary iron and zinc intakes of vulnerable populations. Enrichment of cereal grains by breeding is a high-priority area of research, and an effective strategy among other approaches, e.g., fortification, supplementation and food diversification. This review discusses the potential strategies for developing iron and zinc biofortified crops and their importance in human nutrition.

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