BIOMONITORING OF SEED MYCOFLORA CONTAMINATION OF FRESHLY HARVESTED IN MAIZE GROWING ZONE-I

SHRVAN KUMAR¹*, ASHA SINHA^2
1Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
²Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
* Corresponding Author : shrvank@gmail.com

Received : 22-09-2016     Accepted : 04-11-2016     Published : 18-11-2016
Volume : 8     Issue : 56       Pages : 3035 - 3038
Int J Agr Sci 8.56 (2016):3035-3038

Keywords : Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Zea mays, Simpson index of dominance and Shannon-Weaver index of diversity
Academic Editor : K.D. Bhutia
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : None declared
Author Contribution : None declared

Maize is of the main cereal produced. In this study the seed mycoflora of freshly harvested maize of zone-I were isolated by standard technique i.e. Agar plate method (APM) and Blotter plate method (BPM). A total of 9 genera i.e. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium notatum, P. expensum, Trichoderma sp. Fusarium verticilioides, Rhizoctonia solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina were isolated by standard Agar plate method and 7 fungal genera, i.e. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium notatum, Fusarium verticilioides, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina by blotter plate method. On the basis of density, frequency and abundance, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were found as dominate and taken for detail study. The seed lot of this zone is three categories i.e. Original (OS), Partial discolour (PDS) and Discolour seed (DS). Maximum important value index (IVI), Simpson index of dominance (D), Shannon-Weaver index of diversity (H) and Evenness (E)of Aspergillus flavus OS (88.961%, 0.0779, 0.360, 0.224), PDS (88.912%, 0.0878, 0.360, 0.224) and DS (90.536%, 0.0911, 0.362, 0.225) were contributed. In Blotter plate method, highest density of A. niger OS (3.946), A. flavus PDS (4.286), DS (4.300) were recorded. Maximum frequency showed by A. flavus OS (96.667 %), DS (100.000%) and A. niger PDS (100.000%). The abundance of A. niger and A. flavus OS (0.295), A. flavus PDS (0.302), DS (0.328) were recorded. Relative density maximum recorded in A. niger OS (22.940%), A. flavus PDS (24.933%) and DS (23.305%). Relative frequency highest were found in A. flavus OS (23.387%), DS (23.810%) and A. niger PDS (22.727%) and relative abundance were intended in A. flavus OS (29.467%), PDS (30.189 %) and DS (32.824%). Maximum IVI, Simpson index of dominance, Shannon-Weaver index of diversity and evenness contributed A. flavus OS (75.179%, 0.0628, 0.347, 0.215), PDS (74.628 %, 0.0619, 0.346, 0.215) and DS (79.939 %, 0.0711, 0.352, 0.219). These species are some of the common on the maize during storage and spoil the grains. So, the next step is monitoring the mycotoxin production of isolated species.