A study was conducted in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar (Gujarat) to assess the extent of heterosis for thirteen characters including grain yield per plant. Eight lines and four testers were crossed in line × tester mating design to develop 32 F1 hybrids. The analysis of variance revealed considerable genetic differences among the genotypes. The parents (except plant height and seed per pod), hybrids(except number of branches per plant and protein content) and parents vs. hybrids comparisons were significant for days to flowering, days to maturity and pods per plant. A perusal of mean values revealed that the parent MH-521 (13.68 g) was superior in respect of grain yield per plant, whereas among the all hybrids, IPM-02-03 × GM-4 (14.55 g) and GM-9926 × K-851 (14.45 g) recorded maximum grain yield per plant. In the present study, extent of heterosis varied from character to character. The highest standard heterosis for grain yield per plant was registered for the hybrid IPM-02-03 × GM-4 (17.34 %) and GM-9926 × K-851 (16.56 %). Low values of heterosis were observed for days to flowering, days to maturity and protein content, while moderate values of heterosis were recorded for the remaining characters.

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is one the most important and widely cultivated food crops of the world, particularly for South Asian countries. Considering the detrimental effect of drought, salinity and low/ high temperature stress on rice yield, efforts have been initiated in the direction of developing abiotic stress tolerant crops through a combination of conventional and modern genomic technologies to sustain rice production in these adverse environmental conditions. The present study, focused on the identification tolerance genes and allelic variations of the candidate genes, will be of great use in management of stresses in rice. Through a comprehensive literature search of NCBI and RAP-DB databases, 12 abiotic stress tolerance genes were selected and all the genes under study were functionally validated genes and reported to play significant role in conferring tolerance to drought and salinity stresses in rice. Based on phenotypic characterization in drought and salinity stress environments, 14 rice accessions were selected for sequencing analysis and the polymorphism of these selected genes was studied using Nippon bare sequence as reference. In PCR assay, polymorphism was detected with six gene based marker while with other six markers, no polymorphism was seen. Sequence alignment analyses indicate differences at nucleotide level at different positions of these stress tolerance genes. The phylogenetic tree generated based on nucleotide sequences, clearly established the evolutionary relationships between the tolerant and susceptible genotypes could be of great help in the development of functional markers for use in MAS programs designed to enhance the level of tolerance against different stresses in rice

Domestication process occurred thousand years ago for sheep and goat genetic resources. In India, 42 breeds of sheep and 21 breeds of goat genetic resources is rich, diverse and locally adapted in its breeding tract. It plays very important role in agrarian economy and livelihood security for small, marginal farmers and landless laborers. Many breeds of sheep and goat are under threatened condition so immediate steps must be taken to avoid irreparable loss. Urgent need should be taken and initiate immediate steps for conservation of valuable indigenous sheep and goat and various governmental and non-governmental agencies involved in conservation of indigenous sheep and goat breeds. The main aim is to enlightened available genetic resources, conservation tools, management strategies and ideal conservation models which is adopted in developing countries as a part of conservation of animal biodiversity.

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, spread in more than 85 countries and has caused great yield loss. Development and growing of rice varieties would be the most effective way to control blast disease. Molecular analysis and major rice blast resistance genes for genetic diversities were determined and molecular characterization (or) screening of major rice blast resistance genes was determined with molecular markers, which showed close set linkage to 10 major rice blast resistance genes (Pi-54, Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-9, Pik, Pikm, Pitp, Pi-38, Pizt and Pi 7t), in a collection of 15 accession (including some varieties). Out of the 15, the Pikm, Pizt and Pi7t appeared to be widely present in all the varieties with respect their resistant allele size and gave positive express. For the gene, Pi-54, Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-9, Pik, Pitp and Pi-38 gene frequencies were 33.33 %, 40.01%, 86.67%,6.67%, 60.07%,33.33% and 33.33% respectively. Among the 15 accessions, 5 were positive for Pi-54, Pitp and Pi-38 genes and six accessions were positive for Pi-1 gene, thirteen for Pi-2, nine for Pikm and one for Pi-9 gene. Four accessions viz., BR 2655, JAYA, RAKSHA and BASUMATHI-370 were positive for two major and broad spectrum genes i.e Pi-54 and Pi-2. Out of 15, only three accessions namely BR-2655, JAYA and BASUMATHI-370 were detected with maximum number (> 7) of genes. Less number of genes (<4) harboured in KMP-200, KMP-201 and IR-64. These results are useful in identification and incorporation of functional resistance genes from these evaluated varieties into elite cultivars through marker-assisted selection for improved blast resistance in India and worldwide.