Adaptive changes to exercise include, inter alia, the level of IL6 and IL10expression. The aim of the study was to compare adaptation to exercise in the expression of the IL6 and IL10 genes in peripheral blood leukocytes between an active and former speed skater. The two-year period after ending the professional career resulted in differences in anaerobic capacity, and consequently, significantly lower results in exercise tests by the former athlete (difference in maximum power of 1.46 W/kg, time to attain MAP 0.14; VO2max at the average population level). The resting-state and post-exercise expression levels of the tested genes in the former athlete was lower than that of the active athlete, and there was no increased IL10 expression immediately after the test (2^0.2 of baseline after WAnT and 2^0.5 after exercise until refusal in the former athlete). Based on analysis of gene expression results in response to laboratory tests, it was found that 2 years of training interruption resulted in the reduction of adaptive changes to intense physical exercise.

The sixty nine advanced rice lines were evaluated for heritability, genetic advance in per cent of mean, character associations and path coefficients. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was found for filled grain per panicle. High heritability with high genetic advance was obtained in filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant and spikelet fertility percentage which is indicative of additive gene action. The correlation analysis revealed that the grain yield per plant had highly significant association with the effective number of tiller per plant and spikelet fertility. Days to 50 per cent flowering recorded significant correlation with days to maturity at both genotypic and phenotypic level. This implies that selection for these characters would lead to simultaneous improvement of grain yield. The effective tillers per plant, spikelet fertility percentage and filled grain per panicle had the positive direct effect and significant contribution to the grain yield while the grain per panicle had recorded negligible contribution via direct effect to grain yield but high correlation via indirect effect on spikelet fertility percentage. These results showed the positive and significant increase in grain yield whenever there was an increase in these characters. Hence, all the said characters could be considered as main criteria for selection for higher yield as these were mutually and directly associated with grain yield.