Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, debilitating disease affecting a significant proportion of the population and becoming an epidemic worldwide. Increasing evidence in both, experimental and clinical studies suggest oxidative stress (OS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The OS may exhibit chromosomal instability leading to chromosomal aberration frequencies. A case-control study of sixty-two patients with T2DM (n=62) and ten healthy control subjects (n=10) were screened from different areas of West Bengal. All procedures were done with the informed consent of participants. Blood cultures were done for analyzing chromosome aberrations as per routine procedures In the present study, increased chromosomal aberration frequencies and mitotic index were observed in T2DM patients that may be due to increased oxidative stress leading to different mechanisms like oxidative damage, repair mechanisms and resulting in genomic instability, which in turn may contribute to an increased risk for cancer. Therefore, this study will explore the role of oxidative stress for genomic instability and causing cancer.

The objective of this study was to estimate gene effects for some agronomical traits (Days to earhead emergence, 1000 grain weight, Plant height (cm), Number of effective tillers per plant, Number of grains per earhead, Grain weight per earhead (g), Grain yield per plant (g) using six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of AKAW – 2956 X LOK – 58 cross in order to improve yield contributing traits. Heritability and gene action of yield and yield components were estimated in an AKAW – 2956 X LOK – 58 cross-using generation mean analysis. The six-parameter model was fitted for explaining genetic variation for Plant height, No. of grains per earhead, Grain wt. per earhead and Grain yield per plant. Considering the importance of grain yield per plant very high broad sense heritability 99.4% were recorded in AKAW – 2956 X LOK – 58. Significance of scale B and C for the character number of grain per ear head indicated the presence of non-allelic interactions for grain per ear head. Similarly, the significance of scale C indicated the presence of a dominance x dominance type of non-allelic interactions for a number of grain per earhead and significant additive gene effect was exhibited by AKAW-2956 X LOK-58) for grain yield per plant, thereby indicated the scope for selection in early generations.