Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) amplicons have been widely used in the classification of uncultured bacteria inhabiting environmental niches. Primers targeting conservative regions of the rDNAs are used to generate amplicons for metagenomics study. The present study applied metagenomics to characterize the diversity and relative occurrence of Bacterial organisms in the soils of Chandan plant (MS1) and Bamboo plant (MS2) using high throughput sequencing. The metagenome samples were subjected to sequencing by Ion torrent PGM which resulted in 1,418,770 (MS1) and 1,695,228 (MS2) reads respectively. The taxonomic profile obtained by comparison with M5NR database showed predominance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in both the samples, abundance of Actinobacteria in MS-1(46.84%) and in MS-2(47.06%), followed by Proteobacteria in MS-1(26.80%) and in MS-2(26.91%) , Firmicutes in MS-1(23.11%) and MS-2(22.79%). At genus level, metagenomics revealed 16 genera in soil 1 (MS1) and 18 genera in soil 2 (MS2), Mycobacterium is predominant in both the samples, in MS-1(33.18%) and in MS-2 (32.97%). The present study provides a preliminary snapshot of the diversity and relative abundance of the bacteria within the soil samples and expands our knowledge of these dynamic Bacterial communities present in the soil ecosystem and these consortiums may be helpful in soil fertility and enhance plant productivity.

Background: Uterine leiomyoma (UL), also named as uterine fibroid (UF), is the most common benign gynecologic tumors in reproductive aged women arising from the smooth muscle cells of the endometrium. The exact etiology of the disease is not clearly understood, but working hypothesis suggested that genetic predisposition, prenatal hormone exposure and the effect of hormones, growth factor and xenoestrogen cause fibroid growth. A striking feature of uterine fibroids is their dependency on the ovarian steroids estrogen and progesterone. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a major player in common pro fibrotic gynecologic disorders such as fibroids, endometriosis and postoperative adhesions. The X-ray repair cross -complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene is an important component of DNA repair and encodes a scaffolding protein that participates in the base excision repair (BER) pathway and number of its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been considered as a modifying risk factor for a variety of cancer types. Aims and objectives: In this study, we aimed to measuring serum concentrations of prolactin and estradiol hormones, evaluating some oxidative stress markers (e.g., malondialdehyde (MDA), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitic oxide (NO)), assaying the activity of some antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)) and evaluating serum concentration of some biochemical markers (e.g., alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP), total protein (TP), and albumin and globulin). Our study is also done to investigate whether XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms are related to uterine leiomyoma disease or not. Methods: Whole blood DNA was extracted from 85 UF patients and 85 healthy volunteers. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) was performed for the detection of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms. Results: Our results investigated that serum concentrations of prolactin and estradiol hormones and oxidative stress markers significantly increased in contrast impaired antioxidant status. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln genotypes are associated with higher risk of uterine leiomyoma than the Arg/Arg genotype.