The present study was undertaken to identify the genetic variation present among different mungbean genotypes. Out of 25 RAPD primers only 17 were amplified. A total of 104 amplified bands, 91 polymorphic, 13 monomorphic bands and 88 % polymorphism. A total of 112 amplified bands were obtained from 18 ISSR primers, out of which 88 polymorphic. The average number of bands per primer was 6.22 and average numbers of polymorphic bands per primer 4.89. The RAPD and ISSR data were evaluated to obtain a combined similarity matrix and cluster tree analysis. The similarity coefficient values lay between 0.46-0.68 and cluster tree analysis showed that the eight genotypes could be divided into 4 clusters. The genotype BM-4 was grouped in separate VI cluster and PDM-139 was grouped on cluster IIA. In the light of RAPD and ISSR study the parents of the cross BM-4 x PDM-139 noticed for their genetic diversity. Here validation of these data compared with phenotypic character in the field and revealed that cross BM-4 x PDM-139 turned out to be the most promising on the basis of its high per se performance and also for their high genetic diversity.

Osteopontin is a phosphorylated glycoprotein which forms an important component of the mineralized extracellular phosphorylated glycoproteins which plays a vital role in mineralized extracellular matrices of bones and teeth. It has a multifunctional protein found in various types of tissues and body fluids with highest concentrations found in milk. Comparative sequence analysis of the bovine OPN with various species has revealed both conserved and non-conserved sequences. This gene is located on BTA 6 comprising of 7 exons. OPN gene is involved in cell-mediated immune responses, inflammation and cell attachment. Osteopontin gene has important roles in growth, production and reproduction of the animals, and is also known to be associated with body weight, stillbirth and dystocia in bovines. OPN is reported to up regulate and promote the expression and secretion of Th1 cytokines. Polymorphism in this gene makes it a probable candidate for improving genetic progress in cattle breeding.

An experiment was undertaken to study the estimates of gene action of 28 F1 hybrids involving 8 diverse parents in a half diallel fashion excluding reciprocals with three replications. Dominant variance was observed to be significant for all the traits viz., days to first female flower appearance, days to first fruit set, days to first fruit harvest, fruit length, fruit width, average fruit weight, no of fruits per plant and total yield while additive variance was significant for most of the traits except for number of fruits and total yield per plant indicating the importance of both additive and dominant variance for expression of the various traits in cucumber. However, dominance variance was observed to be higher than additive effect. The mean degree of dominance was also observed to be more than one for all the traits indicating over dominance except for average fruit weight which showed partial dominance. Narrow sense heritability was less than 50% for most of the traits except for fruit weight indicating predominance of non-additive gene action. It can be concluded that the traits which is governed by additive gene effect can be improved by pure line selection while traits where non additive gene action is prevalent heterosis breeding can be adopted for its improvement.

Background: DNA barcoding technology uses short DNA sequences, for identification of species, understanding evolutionary relationship and also for identification of loci capable of discriminating at intra and inter species level. Method: Nucleotide variation at chloroplast (Cp) region, loci psbA-trnH and phylogenetic diversity among 24 rice genotypes belonging to Chhattisgarh was analyzed. Results: The average nucleotide composition in forward, reverse and both the strand of psbA-trnH loci was 27.8% (A), 35.2% (T/U), 18% (C), and 18.4% (G) with transition/transversion rate ratios are k1 = 6.758 (purines) and k2 = 2.597 (pyrimidines). The overall transition/transversion bias was R = 2.054. The estimated maximum evolutionary divergence sequence was 0.092 minimum 0 and average 0.015 (MEGA 7). The maximum parsimony informative sites were 31 and number of variable sites was reported 103. While nucleotide diversity (per site pi) 0.01459 analyzed in (DNAsp v.5 program). The reported maximum number of haplotypes was 17 and Haplotype diversity (Hd) 0.919. Conclusion: On the basis of nucleotide diversity analysis the discrimination ability of psbA-trnH strand loci was found better as compared to psbA-trnH-r (reverse) or both the strand. The sequencing informative data obtained, from intra-species variation in rice using psbA-trnH-f loci is achievable and proved to be useful for rice genotypes discrimination at intraspecies level. Further validations of rice genotypes can be used for cataloging and characterization of diverse rice genotypes (cultivated and wild) belonging to Chhattisgarh and will advance up in strengthen barcoding of rice genotype present, in various regions of India.

The experiment was conducted with three CMS lines i.e., IR 68887 A, IR 79159 A and APMS 6 A which were crossed with eleven diverse male parents in line x tester fashion in order to assess the extent of Heterosis for grain yield and yield attributing traits in rice. The analysis of variances revealed considerable genetic differences among the genotype. The parent (effective tillers per plant and milling %.), hybrids (fifty per cent flowering, effective tillers per plant and hulling %) and parent vs Hybrids comparison were significant except panicle length, effective tillers per plant and grain length. A perusal of mean value revealed that the parent IR 04N 106 (15.42 g) was superior in respect for grain yield per plant, whereas among all the hybrids, IR 68887A X MILYANG 63(30.53), IR 68887A X IR 77186-148-3-4-3(24.26), IR 79159 A X IR 09A 104 (23.29), APMS 6 A X IR 04N 106 (22.80) and APMS 6 A X IR 07 A 166(21.29) recorded maximum grain yield per plant. The highest standard Heterosis for grain yield per plant was registered for the hybrid IR 68887 A x MILYANG 63 followed by IR 68887 A x IR 77186-148-3-4-3 and IR 79159 A x IR 09A 104.