Drug combinations against candidiasis and other fungal infections have been considered as alternatives for mono-therapy. However, there are no data available on the combination of essential oils from Ocimum genus.The aim of this work is the optimization of essential oils derived from Cameroon-grown Ocimum against four Candida albicans. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. The anti-candidal activities were assessed using broth dilution technique and the combinatorial analysis was done using central composite design, the latter being maximised by a multiple response optimization approach. The optimums were tested for their efficiency using the time kill kinetic approach. Linalool (53.34%), 1,8 Cineol (55.32%), γ-Terpinene (24.54%), Eugenol (26.01%) were the major componentsfor Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum urticaefolium respectively. The most active oil was Ocimum gratissimum followed by Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum urticaefolium, the least active being Ocimum canum. The optimum values were 0.62/0.14mg/ml with desirability of 96%for the combination of Ocimum basilicum / Ocimum gratissimum and 0.58/0.14mg/ml with the desirability of 98% for Ocimum urticaefolium / Ocimum gratissimum. The optimum values of 0.56/0.63mg/ml and the desirability of 100%for the combination of Ocimum urticaefolium / Ocimum basilicum. All these combinations inhibited the growth of the fungal strain for 20 hours. Our research shows that the Ocimum essential oils have an antifungal activity and that this potential is increased when the essential oils are combined. More research is needed to extend this potential to other microbial strains.

Arabidopsis thaliana, a small, annual flowering, dicotyledonous plant, is native to Europe, Asia, and northwestern Africa. Now Days, the herbal medicines have gate importance as a source of hypoglycemic agents. Marles and Farnsworth estimated that more than 1000 plant species are being used as folk medicine for diabetes. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), known as “somatomedin C”, found in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Type II diabetes mellitus (also sometime called adult-onset or non insulin-dependent diabetes) is increasing worldwide and it is the most common form of diabetes. It is a syndrome characterized by a loss of glucose homeostasis from defects in insulin secretion and it`s action, both resulting in impaired metabolism of glucose and other energy yielding fuel such as lipids and proteins. Male sexual dysfunctions are frequently associated with hyperglycemia in experimental rats and in men. It is well known that in diabetic conditions. Anti-diabetic medical plants are general known to exert their beneficial effects on diabetes via various modes and mechanism depending on the phytochemicals and bioactive agents endowed in such plants. In this study the Arabidopsis thaliana ethanolic seed extract has hyperglycemic. In conclusion, the present results showed that Arabidopsis consumption reversed most of the histological changes in the diabetic mice. This effect was due to the hypoglycemic effect of the Arabidopsis and improving the insulin resistance. In addition, in diabetes there was an increase in the oxidative stress which was significantly reduced by Arabidopsis consumption owing to its antioxidant effect.

Cancer is one of the major public health problems at the world. The present review explores the cancer hallmarks and the basis of tumor progression, showing some biological characteristics, and how the immune system reacts to it. Half of drugs that are in clinical use today are of natural origin, indicating that natural products have a significant role in the process of discovering and developing drugs as prototypes. From this understanding, the present review will show some biological molecules, including heterocyclic compounds that have potential activity against cancer.

Glucose, a sugar, is vital to our health because it is the main source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues. It is also our brain's main source of fuel. Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood glucose. To regu-late the uptake of glucose from the blood into most cells of the body, beta cells (β-cells), found in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, releases a hormone called insulin. Diabetes mellitus is a condition which results from either the body's failure to produce enough insulin or when the cells fail to respond to insulin properly. Aldose reductase, an enzyme, located in the eye (cornea, retina, lens), kidney, myelin sheath, and also in other tissues was discovered as a new target, not previously to be linked to diabetes. The enzyme can be inhibited by Aldose Reductase (AR) inhibitors, being studied as a potential treatment to prevent eye, nerve and kidney damage in people with diabetes. Keeping that in mind present study is aimed to design better analogues of Tolrestat, which may have better binding with AR and again can perform function against diabetes. As a first step in addressing this issue, combinatorial library has been generated using SMI-LIB and frag-mentation was done using fragmentor in J-Chem package and as a result of that five fragments were obtained. The biggest and core frag-ment was selected as scaffold for SMI-LIB for further library generation. These molecules were utilized for virtual screening of all drug like molecules using pharmacophoric properties, chemical fingerprints and molecular docking. After analyzing the docking results it was found that the molecule TOL727 thus achieved after the in-silico processing in computer aided drug design have the least docking energy as compared to the original Tolrestat molecule. As a conclusion this ligand can be used for further testing in lab and if found with good activity can be sug-gested as a better lead molecule for aldose reductase.