The study was carried out to ascertain anti asthmatic, analgesic and anti convulsant activities of the medicinal plant Bryonia Laciniosa. The anti asthmatic activity was estimated by mesenteric mast cell count by Atopic allergy method. Eddy's hot plate and Analgesiometer tests were used to assess the analgesic activity of Bryonia Laciniosa. Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by Maximum electroshockinduced seizure test. The results indicated that 70% alcoholic extract of Bryonia laciniosa increased the antiasmatic activity, analgestic activity and also anticonvulsant activity.

The bacteria Clostridium botulinum causing botulism. Botulism also known as botulinus intoxication is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by botulinum toxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the CDP-diacylglycerol, L-serine and produce Cytidine monophosphate (CMP), (3-snphosphatidyl)- L-serine in Clostridium botulinum. CMP is a nucleotide that is helpful in RNA synthesis in Clostridium botulinum.The objective of enzyme inhibition needs structural characterization from its 3-D structure in rational structure based drug design. Homology modeling can produce high-quality structural models when the target and templates are closely related. MODELLER is the program used for homology modeling which provides accurate and efficient models to build loops and side chains found non-identical in sequence. It implements comparative protein structure modeling by satisfaction of spatial restraints. The stereo chemical quality of a best model is validated by PROCHECK server with 86.2% residues under favored region from Ramachandran plot. The CASTp is used for locating, delineating and measuring concave surface regions on three-dimensional structures of proteins. The residues are identified in burial cavity of the best model as Leu (131,141,156), Ala (132), Ile (138,142), Asn (145), Thr (149,153), and Gly (151) with hydrophobic nature. These include pocket located on protein surfaces and voids buried in the interior of proteins that are frequently associated with binding events. Thus present studies of modeling of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferas enzyme has brought future prospective to fight against botulism disease and provide better health standaaards for community.

Particulate vaccines made a remarkable break through in the vaccines and drug delivery systems. With their fine small structure they can pass through the cellular systems and can trigger the type I and type II immune systems, which aid in the better immune response. The sero conversation and the longevity of the particulate vaccines are found to be better than the regular conventional vaccines. The development of recombinant vaccines and sub unit vaccines having safer side in vaccination could not elicit stronger immune response, because of their partial antigenicity. In such cases when coupled with nanoparticles triggers better immune response. Recombinant Tetanus toxoid and Diphtheria toxoid when coupled with nanoparticles showed significant TH1 and TH2 immune responses. Particulate vaccines can be used in mucosal, nasal, ocular or transcutaneous modes for vaccination.

Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is a hydrolase with a bifunctional zinc enzyme, which plays a role in inflammation. LTA4H may also play an important role in carcinogenesis, especially chronic inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. In this study, chemical feature based pharmacophore models based on 22 currently available LTA4H inhibitors have been developed with the aid of HipHop and HypoRefine modules within Catalyst program package. 3D pharmacophore model developed was, characterized by distinct chemical features such as Hydrogen-bond acceptor (HA), Hydrogen-bond donor (HD), Hydrophobic aliphatic (HPAli), Hydrophobic aromatic (HPAr) that are found to be responsible for the activity of the LTA4H inhibitors. The correlation coefficient, root mean square deviation and cost difference were 0.92, 1.0867 and 53.62 respectively, suggesting that a highly predictive pharmacophore model was successfully obtained. The results of our study provide a valuable tool in designing new leads with desired biological activity for virtual screening.

Recently Anti-HIV activity of β-carboline derivatives is reported. The highly active compound 1-Formyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester which has anti-HIV activity (IC50 = 2.9 μM) was docked into the active sites of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT), integrase (IN) and protease (PR). The compound was showing good binding energy score and binding interactions with RT as compared to PR and IN after comparison of docking results. The compound showed two H bonding interactions with Lys103 residue and good binding free energy score -8.63 Kcal/mol at temperature 298.15 K for HIV RT protein.