BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF RHIZOSPHERE: THEIR ROLE IN NUTRIENT MOBILISATION

R.K. MEENA¹*, B.L. MEENA², M.A. KHAN³, Y.K. SHARMA⁴, M.L. MEENA⁵, K.C. VERMA^6
1Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Lalsot, 303503, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
²Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Lalsot, 303503, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
³Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Fatehpur-Shekhawati, 332301, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
⁴Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Lalsot, 303503, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
⁵Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Lalsot, 303503, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
⁶Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur-Shekhawati, 332301, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
* Corresponding Author : ravi1931989@gmail.com

Received : 01-07-2020     Accepted : 23-07-2020     Published : 30-07-2020
Volume : 12     Issue : 7       Pages : 1884 - 1889
Int J Microbiol Res 12.7 (2020):1884-1889

Keywords : Rhizosphere, Mobilisation, Soil Matrix, Root Exudation, Phytosiderophores, Rhizosphere eco-system
Academic Editor : Marcos Antonio Pesquero, Jose Neethu, Janmajoy Banerjee, Tarek Mohamed Abdel Ghany
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Authors are thankful to College of Agriculture, Lalsot, 303503, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
Author Contribution : All authors equally contributed

Rhizosphere is a region of soil in the vicinity of plant roots in which the chemistry and microbiology is influenced by their growth, respiration, and nutrient exchange. It is, therefore, an extremely important and active area in regulating nutrient bioavailability, plant communities, adaptation processes, and the growth environment. The chemical and biological processes occurring in the rhizosphere not only determine mobilization, acquisition of soil nutrients and microbial dynamics, but also control nutrient use efficiency by crops, and thus profoundly influence crop productivity and sustainability .The availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere is controlled by the integrated effects of soil properties, plant characteristics, and the interactions between plant roots and microorganisms .In the rhizosphere ecosystem, plants, via root exudation and release of specific signalling compounds, effect the composition and structure of the rhizosphere microbial community So, rhizosphere management strategies emphasize maximizing the efficiency of root and rhizosphere processes in nutrient acquisition and use by crops rather than solely depending on excessive application of chemical fertilizers. The strategies mainly include manipulating root system, rhizosphere acidification, carboxylate exudation, microbial associations with plants, rhizosphere interactions in terms of intercropping and rotation, localized application of nutrients, use of efficient crop genotypes, and synchronizing rhizosphere nutrient supply with crop demands. From study it has been observed that Probacteria and Bacteriodates are the most abundant bacterial community in maize rhizosphere. In recent study it has been shown that gross N mineralisation rate is higher in rhizosphere than bulk soil. It is also clear that Fe and Zn availability also increases by localized ammonium-N application .it has also been observed that rhizosphere priming can promote mobilisation of N-rich compounds from soil organic matter. Moreover, rhizosphere influences on soil solution composition and mineral stability. Still future research work is needed to identify the un-known organic compounds and their specific roles in nutrient mobilization in the rhizosphere. Knowledge on microbial population, their roles, dynamics in nutrient mobilisation for specific crop and soil needs further extension.

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