LOW HIV-1 SUBTYPES DIVERSITY BASED ON THE POL GENE AND TRANSMITTED DRUG RESISTANCE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL NAIVE PATIENTS FROM BELEM, PARA, AMAZON REGION OF BRAZIL

S.D.F. IRIAS¹, M.E.S. AVELINO², M.K.S. TORRES³, M.B. SANTOS⁴, M.A.F. QUEIROZ⁵, D.L.A. PEREIRA⁶, T.C.T. BURLAMAQUI⁷, F.B. FREITAS⁸, A.C.R. VALLINOTO⁹, R.N.M. FEITOSA¹⁰, V.N. AZEVEDO¹¹, L.F.A. MACHADO¹²*
¹Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
²Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
³Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
⁴Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
⁵Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
⁶Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
⁷Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil
⁸Laboratorio de Virologia, Servico de Vigilancia em Saude, Ministerio da Saude, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
⁹Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
¹⁰Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
¹¹Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
¹²Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitarios, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil;Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Bele
* Corresponding Author : lfam@ufpa.br

Received : 14-11-2018     Accepted : 27-11-2018     Published : 30-11-2018
Volume : 10     Issue : 11       Pages : 1406 - 1410
Int J Microbiol Res 10.11 (2018):1406-1410

Keywords : HIV-1, antiretroviral therapy, molecular Epidemiology, transmitted drug resistance, Brazil
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Authors are thankful to the Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SESMA) and CASA-DIA. The publication of this article was supported by Public Notice PAPQ, PROPESP/FADESP of the Federal University of Pará
Author Contribution : SDFI and LFAM conceived and designed the study, analyzed, interpreted data, and wrote the paper. MKST, MES, DLAP and MBS collected samples, participant recruitment and performed experiments of molecular biology. SDFI, VNA, RNMF supervised analyzed the res

The number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) is growing in Brazil, which also has increased the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR). Besides that, there is limited information about the HIV-1 diversity in Amazon region of Brazil. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify HIV-1 subtypes as well as the TDR profile in antiretroviral-naive PLHA from Belém, Pará, Amazon region of Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 41 drug-naive patients to determine the virus subtypes according to the HIV-1 protease (PR) gene and part of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) gene by sequencing the nucleotides. The HIV-1 subtypes were determined using REGA HIV-1 Subtyping tool and phylogenetic analysis. Drug resistance profile was analyzed at the Calibrated Population Resistance. The most prevalent HIV-1 clade observed in Belém was the subtype B (80.5%), followed by subtype F1 (12.2%) and BF1 (7.3%). The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 9.7% and 4.9% was related to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; 2.4% was related to protease inhibitors and 2.4% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This study has shown the low genetic diversity and the high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype B and a moderate prevalence of protease/reverse transcriptase primary antiretroviral resistance mutations in Belém, Pará. This preliminary data is important to reveal the occurrence of primary TDR, reinforces the necessity of epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of primary antiretroviral drug resistance genotypic mutations in this region.

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