This study was designed to estimate changes in some enzymes of clinical importance in rats exposed to canabinoids and in men addicted to C. sativa smoking. Injection of rats with different doses of petroleum ether extract of Cannabis sativa resulted in a marked change in these plasma enzymes activities. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was increased in rats with the increase of dose and time and the difference between the level in the high and the low dose groups was significant (P< 0.05) during and after the experimental period. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity showed remarkable increase after the second dose in the high dose group compared to the control group but returned to a lower level after the last dose, and Aspartate amino transferase (AST) activity revealed also significant (P<0.05) elevation after the second dose, but after the last dose the activity decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Adult addicted men smoked C sativa for different periods showed slight numerical increase in (ALP) activity with the increase of the length of the period of C. sativa smoking. In contrast the activity of the (ALT) and the (AST) reported significantly lower levels compared to the non smokers group. This study suggests that canabinoids increase the (ALP) activity in both injected rats and human smokers and this will increase with the increase of dose and time but the (ALT) and the (AST) increase at the beginning of consumption then will decrease with time.

The present study was undertaken to investigate anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Bridelia retusa S. in DMBA treated female Sprague Dawley rats. Adult healthy virgin Sprague Dawley female rats of 45 days old were selected for the experiment. The rats were treated with 20 mg of DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) to induce mammary tumors. The bark of Bridelia retusa S. was powdered and subjected to sequential extraction based on polarity. Oral suspensions containing 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg (body weight) of ethanolic extract were administered to DMBA treated rats. The toxic effect of DMBA was observed by significant (p<0.05) decrease in the body weights while significant (p<0.05) increase in tumor size of rats when compared to negative control. Weight loss and increase in tumor size observed in DMBA treated group was rectified best in 150 mg/kg extract treated group which was almost that of standard drug. The toxic effect of DMBA was justified by the significant (p<0.05) decrease in the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) while significant (p<0.05) increase in LPO (lipid peroxidation) in the mammary tissue, liver and kidney when compared to negative control. The antioxidant effect of extract was observed by significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of SOD and CAT while significant (p<0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation in the mammary tissue, liver and kidney when compared to DMBA positive control. The standard drug showed significant and similar antioxidant activity to 150 mg/kg extract treated group, which gave best result in comparison to other extract treated groups.

Acorus calamus is a perennial herb and identified as an endangered species of medicinal plant. The genetic biodiversity of traditional medicinal plants is under a continuous threat due to over exploitation environment unfriendly harvesting and loss of growth habitat and unmonitored trade of medicinal plants. Acorus calamus is the botanical name of the plant more commonly known as calamus. Other common names of calamus include calamus root, flag root, muskrat root, sweet calomel, sweet flag, sweet sedge, and many other names. It has long been classified as belonging to the Araceae family, but more recent studies suggested that it should be placed in its own family. In vitro Micropropagation of Acorus calamus Plant was achieved using Rhizome Explant. The Explant was inoculated in M.S Media supplemented with different concentration of phytohormones(0.5-1mg/lit )IAA-BAP,(0.5-2mg/lit) IAA-BAP or without any growth Hormones. The frequency of Shoot Organogenesis is highest at 73% response rhizome treated with (0.5-2mg/lit) IAA-BAP and 30% response in treatment with (0.5-1mg/lit )IAA-BAP ,18% response in any pytohormone. The micro shoots rooted well in M.S medium supplemented with 4.0mg/l(IBA) Hardened regenrants(60%)acclimatized in soil.