The present study included the section histopathology for rats (male) organs including (lung, trachea, kidney, spleen, heart) of a local inactivated subunit and whole vaccine appeared of all of both locally vaccine after seven months of vaccination and control histopathology unchanged compared with infected group after first month.

Antibiotics use had its limitations due to the emergence of new strains caused by multi-resistant misuse of these compounds in the poultry sector. The use of probiotics is necessary to promote healthy microflora antagonistic to pathogens and screws can register as an alternative strategy proposed to protect poultry pathogens and to replace antibiotics as growth factor. The digestive microflora of two Algerian farmer’s cocks were studies to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria for use as potential probiotic in food animal production in order to protect against animal diseases as alternative to antibiotics. A total of 22 strains were isolated from different compartments as crop, caecum, ileum, jejunum, gizzard and colon to evaluate their probiotic proprieties. A use of specific primers targeting partial regions of 16S rDNA gene and sequencing of the amplified fragments preconized to 480 pb were used to identify isolates belonging to the Lactobacillus genus. The most diagnostic strains by analysis BLAST were Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus johonossi, about 99% of homology for all strains. The study on antagonism cultures of Lactobacillus strains using the disc diffusion method showed inhibitory activity during interactions opposite pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi by appearance of clear halos in vitro and twelve of them were selected due to their strong inhibitory action. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of neutralized cell free supernatants of these isolates was studied and confirmed that the selected strains secreted substances witch are responsible for the antagonistic action observed on the pathogens. In addition, the acidifying power strains were determined by titratable acidity. In long term, these strains, once best characterized, could be proposed as probiotics in poultry feed.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main mosquito borne pathogen that causes viral encephalitis in South and South-East Asia. The JEV has spread all over the world. Around 30% of the people infected with JEV die every year and a high percentage of survivors are left with irreversible neurological damage. At present, there is no cure for JE and treatment is only for support. Many antiviral agents are being tested but no convincing result has been obtained yet.

Oral proliferative lesions are common in dogs. A retrospective study of 180 oral cavity tumours revealed 64.4% benign and 35.6% malignant neoplasias. Among the 116 benign tumours, were found epulides (92.2%), papillomas, fibromas and ameloblastoma. Within the 64 malignant ones, 50% were melanomas, followed by fibrosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma, histiocytoma and mast cell tumour. The incidence was higher in males, in 6 and 10-year-old animals and in mongrel dogs and Boxer.

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a rare benign, proliferative vascular lesion affecting the spleen. Only a few cases have been reported to date. In this study, two cases of SANT are presented with their clinical and pathological features, and review of the related literature. The first case is a 34-year-old woman who presented with right hypochondrial pain. She gave a history of mild left hypochondrial discomfort that started 2 years prior to presentation. Computed tomography (CT) showed gall stones together with a 9 cm-sized solitary well-defined hypodense splenic mass. She underwent splenectomy and cholecystectomy. The second case is a 22-year-old man who was evaluated for a 6-months history of left hypochondrial pain. An 8 cm-sized solitary splenic mass was detected on CT scan; and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a spoke-wheel pattern of enhancement. Splenectomy was performed. In both cases, the spleen showed grossly a well-circumscribed solid mass with a multinodular hemorrhagic cut surface. Microscopically, the mass consisted of multiple angiomatoid nodules surrounded by collagen bundles with a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Immunohistochemically, CD31, CD34 and CD8 were detected in the endothelial cells of the angiomatoid nodules. Smooth muscle actin and CD68 expression was noted as well, but there was no reactivity for CD21. SANT has an excellent prognosis with splenectomy being curative.

This study was performed to determine whether the serum concentra­tions of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1α, and interleukin (IL)-8 are elevated in patients with rheuma­toid arthritis (RA) and to investigate the relationship between these cytokines levels and hematological parameters in RA patients. Serum samples were obtained from 75-patientswith RA who had visited the Division of Rheumatology at Najaf Teaching Hospital in Najaf City and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, and the clinical parameters of disease were assessed, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factor (RF). Complete blood count (CBC) were performed using automated hematology analyzer Mythic™. Serum concentrations of IL-6, (TNF-α), (IL)-1α, and (IL)-8 were measured using an enzyme-linked im­munosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum concentrations of IL-6,(TNF-α), (IL)-1α, and (IL)-8 were significantly elevated (P<0.0001) in patients with RA compared to those of healthy controls. Although there was no significant rela­tionship between pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and RBC, Hb, HCT and red cell indices, the pro-inflammatory levels of pa­tients with RA showed a significant correlation with total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocytes and platelets. It has been concluded that the serum concentrations of IL-6, (TNF-α), (IL)-1α, and (IL)-8 were sig­nificantly elevated in patients with RA and strongly correlated with hematological alterations. These findings suggest a possible role for these cytokines in the pathogenesis of RA.