This project was designed to figure out the relation between dialysis and transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to patients with kidney failure. 205 blood specimen were collected from patients with kidney failure living in south of Iraq (Najaf, Diwania, Nassiria, Babylon, Basrah, Messan, Muthanna) and submitted to anti-HCV Ab test. The results revealed that 10 patients (4.88%) with kidney failure were infected with HCV, tow of them (0.976%) were infected before they start dialysis. One patient (0.488) had infected after tow dialysis operations, and another patient (0.488%) infected after three dialysis operations. One patient (0.488) had infected after 32 dialysis operations. Tow patients (0.976%) had infected after 40 dialysis operations, one patients (0.488%) had infected after 64 dialysis operations, and two patients (0.976%) gain the infection after 104dialysis operation.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by iron homeostasis alterations. Association between HH and Porphyria Cutanea Tarda has been reported. The aim was to characterize oxidative and nitrosative stress status and its relationship with heme metabolism in a hemochromatosis mouse model (Hfe-/-), and to evaluate the effects of Isoflurane, ethanol and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Male and female Hfe−/− and wild-type C57BL/6J mice received Isoflurane (2 ml/kg); ethanol (30%) or ALA (40 mg/kg). In male Hfe-/-, reduced glutathione (GSH) was diminished respect to C57BL/6J mice. Female Hfe-/- showed higher levels of GSH and total antioxidant capacity than male Hfe-/-. Catalase activity was lower in male and female Hfe-/- than in controls. 5-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity was higher in male and female Hfe-/- than in controls. In male Hfe-/-, Porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D) activity was augmented and Heme oxygenase (HO) activity was diminished probably to avoid iron increase. Isoflurane and ethanol reduced PBG-D and increased HO activities. HO induction would indicate oxidative stress instauration being more striking due to ethanol that also induced Superoxide dismutase activity. Isoflurane reduced Nitric Oxide Synthase expression. ALA altered antioxidant system. In Hfe-/- mice different metabolisms were altered being more affected by the drugs studied. Findings here described would contribute to increase the knowledge about the association between HH and the Porphyrias and about the effects of volatile anaesthetics on different metabolisms in genetic models of Porphyrias and associated diseases.

Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (PLBL) is an uncommon high-grade neoplasm of immature B cell type. It is most commonly prevalent in children and adolescents with extranodal involvement such as skin and bone. We report a case of 48 year old man with PLBL presenting as a large chest wall mass without any systemic symptoms. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxyzine, oncovin, prednisolone (CHOP). The patient is still under treatment and follow up.

Ovarian leiomyomas are very uncommon in carnivores, as smooth muscle tumors in these animals most frequently develop from the tubular genitalia. A rare case of bilateral, ovarian leiomyoma in a 13-year-old female lion (Panthera leo) is reported here. Although she was kept in the Zoo with another female and with a male, she was never diagnosed pregnant, in contrast to her cohort that conceived twice in the same period. The female was in good physical condition, and due to the need of anaesthesia to moving her to a different park, a decision on performing routine ultrasonographic evaluation of the genital organs was made. On transabdominal ultrasonography a bilateral altered echogenicity of the ovaries was observed. A compact mass with homogeneous isoechogenicity was detected on both ovaries; also ultrasonographic signs of mild uterine hyperplasia were observed. Consequently, the decision for ovariohysterectomy was formed. Resected material was sent for analysis, which confirmed the cystic endometrial disease, co-existing with a bilateral primary ovarian leiomyoma. Morphological evaluation of enlarged ovaries showed the existence of bilateral smooth muscle tumor that has been further characterized by specific histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. In this paper the morphological, ultrasonographic and pathological features of this rare condition in a zoo lioness are described.

Resin Modified glass ionomer luting agents has attained attention in the past few years due to their increased physical and mechanical properties when compared to conventional glassionomer luting agents. In the recent years, cytotoxic evaluation of this particular luting agents have gained increased popularity due to their composition. A few literatures confirmed the cytotoxicity of resin based glass ionomer luting agents by stating that these luting agents contained monomers such as HEMA, Bis- GMA, etc. This article aims to distill an overview of cytotoxicity of resin based glass ionomer luting agents and the factors which leads to it.